Engineering Commons^™

Gas-Phase Reaction Of 1,2-Dichloroethane With Hydrogen In A Tubular Flow Reactor, Wei-Lian Lee

Theses

We have studied the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with H₂ in three tubular flow reactors of different diameters at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 550° C to 1000°C. The kinetic parameters and product distribution were experimentally determined for each size reactor. The wall and bulk reaction rate constants were decoupled via analysis of three different surface to volume reaction data.

The experimental reactor was an isothermal tubular flow reactor that operated within the domain of plug flow region. The reaction was found to follow first-order kinetics with respect to 1,2-dichloroethane when in the presence of excess hydrogen. The …

Multi-H Continuous Phase Modulation : Its Properties And Analysis, Jyung-Cheng Chen

Theses

Multi-h CPM, a generalization of CPFSK and also one of the so-called Combined Modulation and Coding schemes, is useful in digital communication systems where both the bandwidth and power are constrained. The increased signal processing complexity, which can be viewed as the third communication resource, is used to trade for both power and bandwidth, and to approach the error-free communication promised by Shannon's theorem.

The transmitted multi-h CPM signal carries a coded sequence of continuous phase changes; the possible phase states form a cylindrical trellis in phase and time, in which the modulation indices are reused in a cyclical fashion. …

A New Density-Dependent Mixing Rule For Equations Of State, Theodore John Shatynski

Theses

A general procedure for the development of density-dependent mixing rules is demonstrated. This method is used to obtain a density-dependent local-composition mixing rule based on an extention of the work of Knox et al (1984). The resulting expression is tested with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Results for normal and cryogenic vapor-liquid systems for both one-parameter and three-parameter versions of the mixing rule are compared with results using the classical mixing rules.

Thermal Decomposition Of Chlorobenzene In An Atmosphere Of Hydrogen, Edward Robert Ritter

Theses

The thermal decomposition of chlozobenzene was investigated in a tubular flow reactor at 1 atmosphere total pressure and average residence times of 0.02 - 2.5 seconds. The temperature range from 800 - 1010°C was studied in both a reductive atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert atmosphere of heIium. Complete destruction of chlorobenzene occurs at about 1000°C for an average residence time of 1 second in hydrogen gas. In the inert gas, the complete destruction of the reagent was not observed in the range of conditions which were studied. The major products observed for pyrolysis in hydrogen were benzene, HCl, and …

Effect Of Center Of Gravity Location On Optimum Performance Of Random Vibratory Vehicle Suspension, Daniel Mahar

Theses

This study provides the analysis for the optimal design of a conventional vehicle suspension system, consisting of a sprung mass (vehicle body) and two unsprung masses (wheel frame), accentuated by the implementation of a damped absorber to the unsprung masses. Further, the effect of the c.g. (center of gravity) location of the vehicle body is investigated. A two dimensional, four degrees of freedom linear model is chosen. Randomly profiled terrain is assumed to impart hyperbolically distributed stationary vertical random displacements to the front and rear wheels. For generalization, nondimensional design parameters are selected. Criteria for optimization include the tire-terrain normal …

Tests On Square Reinforced Concrete Members Under Combined Biaxial Bending And Tension, Bhadresh Shah

Theses

The research reported herein studies the ultimate strength behavior for square-shaped reinforced concrete short columns under combined biaxial bending and tension that is a common design problem. The present ACI building code (ACI 318-83) (1) and design hand book (2) do not offer an insight into the determination of strength and ductility behavior of biaxially loaded reinforced concrete columns. A design equation developed by Hsu (3,4,5 ) to study the ultimate strength behavior and failure surfaces for members under these combined action was used and the computed results were compared with the present analytical results and experimental results for square-shaped …

Analyze3d, A Structural Analysis Program Employing Membrane And Solid Finite Elements, James Mendham Gathercole

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to describe the addition of an 8 and 20-node isoparametric brick element to the finite element program ANALYZE, permitting three-dimensional analysis. The reason for the addition is that even though Analyze is a relatively simple program, its simplicity makes it a good educational tool for finite element courses. The added brick element expands the use of the program for educational purposes.

In its original form, Analyze is a finite element package for static structural analysis developed at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. The program consists of four finite elements: (1) bar, (2) membrane triangle, …

The Effect Of Systemic Arterial Pressure On Microvascular Flow And Transcapillary Exchange Of Macromolecules In The Hamster Cheek Pouc, Govind Mohanlal Gawdi

Theses

Microvascular flow velocities and transport of macromolecules were studied in the hamster cheek pouch under control and acute high arterial pressure conditions, with or without topical (local) application of the vasodilating agent, bradykinin. Mean arterial pressures of 130-160% control were attained by intravenous renin infusion. The microcirculation of the cheek pouch was studied using intravital microscopy. Areas with arterioles and venules were recorded on a videotape for later analysis of red cell velocity, using an RBC tracking correlator, and vessel diameter using a video shearing monitor.

In addition, vascular permeability to macromolecules was studied in the hamster cheek pouch vascular …

Theoretical Investigation Of Submerged Turbulent Jet, Talal N. Hindi

Theses

A theoretical investigation concerning the flow characteristics velocity distribution of a circular submerged turbulent axisymetricic water jet impinging on a flat plate was carried out. Starting with the use of the available data and equations obtained by previous investigators and found room for improvement. By solving these equations for the velocity distribution and comparing them to the experimental results is was found out where improvements of the analysis were were necessary. Then taking Tollwien's solution for the velocity distribution and changing the reference axis to see whether or not the equations would give better results for velocity calculations. With certain …

Zeta Potential Measurements Of Biological Flocs Using A Streaming Potential Cell, Wayne James Gallagher

Theses

A streaming potential apparatus was assembled and tested. Its purpose was to characterize the surface of biological flocs in a wastewater environment. Samples of mixed liquor were obtained from the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners wastewater treatment plant in Newark, New Jersey. Filtered mixed liquor was passed through a bed of the floc particles in the streaming potential cell, and the electric potential across the cell was measured as a function of the differential pressure drop. From these data, the zeta potential was calculated using the Helmholtz equation. Values of -0.88 and -0.44 millivolts were obtained for two mixed liquor samples.

Investigation Of Water-Binding Properties Of Industrial Sludges Using Thermal Analysis As A Monitoring Tool, Ron Josephson

Theses

As part of a program to develop new and more cost-effective dewatering approaches for industrial hazardous wastes, sludges and synthetic "model" materials were analyzed by thermal methods in an attempt to comprehend their water-binding qualities and differentiate free and bound water. These thermal methods included Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Industrial sludges and laboratory models were compared using both standard heating techniques and subambient cooling (to -60°C). This latter technique provides direct indication of the amount of free water. This information can be very useful in evaluating and improving dewatering techniques for industrial …

The Modeling Of A Self-Oscillating Dc-To-Dc Converter, Frank Andrew Linkowsky

Theses

This thesis develops a model of a nonlinear self oscillating current-or-voltage step-up dc-to-dc converter. Expressions are given that predict the operation of the converter in the time domain and in the state plane. To verify these expressions, a large signal computer simulation technique [1] is used to compare theoretical results with actual measurements. This type of simulation allows a nonlinear switching converter to be modeled with a series of piecewise-linear operating intervals. The resulting waveforms predicted by the developed model show close agreement with waveforms found in the laboratory. Therefore, the model represents a powerful tool that may be used …

A Tracheoesophageal Puncture Voice Prosthesis, Georghios Makris

Theses

A voice prosthesis was developed that allows verbal communication of laryngectomised patients. The prosthesis requires a superiorly directed tracheoesophageal puncture in which the periscope mounted on the tracheal stoma vent is introduced. The prosthesis is operated by air injection through the periscope. Air injection is achieved by pulmonary pressure after the occlusion of the stoma vent. Stoma vent occlusion can be achieved either by the patient's finger or by the designed cover valve mounted on the prosthesis. The cover valve allows free breathing, hand-free prosthesis use, and it can release excess pressure during coughing. Periscope valve air resistance tests have …

Gallium Film Formation By Ion Cluster Beam Deposition, Te-Chuan Hsu

Theses

Gallium thin films were deposited by Ion Cluster Beam (ICB) from pure gallium. This research had two objectives: to develop a practical method of crucible heating to generate gallium clusters; and to investigate the influence of ICB system parameters on the formation of clusters and film properties. An electron-bombardment crucible heater with a novel construction was designed. The top section of the carbon crucible was kept at a higher temperature than the middle section to prevent clogging of the nozzle and " spitting " phenomena which were found to occur with the conventional design. Crucible temperatures up to about 1360°C …

Reliability Of Dielectrics : Using Noise As A Diagnostic Tool, Ramesh K. Jain

Theses

The aim of this thesis is to develop a screening method to predict the reliability of a dielectric material. The screen chosen is an electrical noise. The dielectric material studied is varnished fibre glass cloth material supplied by Westinghouse Electric Corporation.

The dielectric material will have varying amount of voids, crystal defects, and surface contaminants impurities introduced during manufacturing process. On application of the electric stress, ionization (corona) will take place. The corona degrades the material due to thermally generated heat, chemical reactions in the voids and ionic bombardment of the material.

An experimental set up is developed to monitor …

Isolation And Characterization Of The Dimers Formed In The Free-Radical And Anionic Initiated Polymerization Of Alpha-Methylstryene, Kevin S. Bosman

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Construction And Performance Analysis Of Frequency Stabilized He-Ne Lasers, Long Hsu

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The instability and drift in the frequency of an internal mirror He-Ne laser in generally caused by a change in cavity length induced by thermal expansion of the plasma tube. This research developed a simple stabilization technique which is able to stabilize a small He-Ne laser to a fractional frequency stability of 2.3 x 10^-11 for a time period between 0.05 and 0.2 seconds. This stability implies that the laser cavity length does not vary more than 0.06 A°. This improved stability will enable more accurate measurements in optical measurements such as spectroscopy, polarimetry and interferometry.

Optimal Cure Cycle Design Of A Resin-Fiber Composite Laminate, Jeenson Sheen

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

High performance polymeric composites have been experiencing increasing usage in the aerospace and automobile industries. Such materials are commonly composed of long or chopped fibers embedded in the thermosetting resin matrix. Changes in physical and chemical properties of such composite materials during the cure process are rather complex. Thus, it is not a trivial task to properly design a cure cycle (temperature and pressure profiles) for a cure process. The material should be cured uniformly and completely with the lowest void content; the temperature inside the laminate must not exceed some maximum value; and the cure process should be completed …

An Experimental And Analytical Investigation Of Incompressible Fluid Flow Through A Distensible Tube System, Steven C. Wells

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An analysis was made of pressure and flow in a novel elastic tube system which has been used to theorize certain aspects of renal hemodynamic cs. Validation of the theory could alter the treatment of certain heart and kidney disorders. In an attempt to better understand a system flow anomaly under steady driving head conditions, experiments were performed, and a mathematical model was developed. The development of the model incorporated a set of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations. Using a finite-difference analysis as the method for obtaining a numerical solution, various pressures and flows were obtained. Results for the steady-state …

Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis Of Fatique Crack Growth And Closure, Rahmatollah G. Chermahini

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a three-dimensional, elastic-plastic, finite element analysis to investigate crack extension and closure under cyclic loading. The initial study concentrated on the behavior of a straight through crack in a finite-thickness plate subjected to tensile loading (middle-crack tension specimen). The finite element model was composed of 8-noded (linear-strain) isoparametric elements. In the analysis, the material was assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic. Zienkiewicz's "initial-stress" method, von Mises' yield criterion, and Drucker's normality condition, under small-strain assumptions, were used to account for plasticity. The three-dimensional analysis is capable of extending the crack and changing boundary …

An Analytical And Experimental Study Of Clearance And Bearing-Bypass Load Effects In Composite Bolted Joints, Rajiv Vikas Arun Naik

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A combined analytical and experimental study is conducted to determine the effects of clearance and bearing-bypass loading for mechanically fastened joints in composites. A simple method of analysis is developed to account for the nonlinear effects of bolt-hole clearance. The nonlinear load-contact variations for clearance-fit fasteners are also measured using specially instrumented fasteners. For a quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy laminate, results show that the contact arc as well as the peak stresses around the hole and their locations are strongly influenced by the clearance. After a slight initial nonlinearity, the peak stresses vary linearly with applied load. The typical clearance levels are …

The Effect Of Grinding On The Sorption Capacity Of Activated Carbon, John Garrett Dempsey

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The current procedure employed to design full scale activated carbon contacting systems is presented in detail and followed by a review of the more important process controls and operating parameters. Inherent limitations of the design procedure are identified, with the need to be able to accurately predict carbon sorption capacity from bench scale analysis determined to be the most important. Some of the more recent models developed to predict activated carbon sorption capacity were analyzed leading to the realization that even the most sophisticated dynamic models were based upon sorption capacities determined from classical isotherm procedures. The validity of the …

A Quantitative Approach To Simulation And Analysis Of Storm Water Systems, John Nathan Paine

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A generalized package of hydrologic and hydraulic models and programs is developed for the quantitative analysis of watersheds and drainage networks. The package is microcomputer based and is available to interested parties. Full documentation is included in the Appendix. The approach applies a lengthy historical rainfall record to the system in continuous simulation. One of the most powerful operational hydraulic routing models available is adopted into the package. Output takes the form of statistical predictions of flood stages, discharges, storage requirements, and rainfall analyses for various return-periods. Computer runs are completely summarized. The package was applied to a 969-acre watershed …

A Theoretical Study Of Pure And Simple Competition Between Two Microbial Species In Configurations Of Two Interconnected Chemostat, Cheng-Ming Kung

Theses

It is known that two microbial populations competing purely and simply for a common substrate cannot coexist in a steady state in an environment which is spatially homogeneous. Hence they cannot coexist in a chemostat something which implies that a mixed culture of two pure and simple competitors cannot be maintained in a single ideal reactor in a steady state. The present study investigates theoretically pure and simple competition between two populations in two interconnected chemostats. Three reactor configurations are considered and analyzed. It is proved that two pure and simple competitors can coexist in a steady state in both …

Analysis And Prediction Of The Water Temperature Of The Mckenzie River, Oregon Using The Equilibrium Temperature Approach, R. Peder Hansen

Dissertations and Theses

A one dimensional, steady flow, unsteady temperature model is used to evaluate the effects of two U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) dams and resulting reservoirs on hourly water temperatures of the mainstem McKenzie River from Delta Park (RM 62.1) to Leaburg Dam (RM 38.8). Both COE projects are on tributaries to the McKenzie River and at present have only bottom withdrawl capabilities.

Water temperatures were simulated using the equilibrium temperature approach with air temperature used to estimate equilibrium temperature and also using computed hourly equilibrium temperature. Results obtained using computed equilibrium temperatures were less satisfactory than results using air …

Fluid Flow And Gas Absorption In An Ejector Venturi Scrubber, Iclal Atay

Dissertations

Empirical models were developed to describe the fluid flow characteristics and gas absorption efficiency of an ejector venturi scrubber. The empirical constants were determined experimentally using stop action photographs of the spray, static pressure measurements, and sulfur dioxide absorption efficiencies.

To take photographs of the spray, a 2 foot high, clear plastic ejector venturi scrubber was used, with a 4 inch diameter gas entrance port. Photographic equipment included a Hasselblad camera, Xenon flash lamp, and Polaroid 667 ASA 3000 film. Exposure duration was about 1 microsecond, resulting in complete stop-action of the spray droplets at liquid rates up to 6 …

Measurements Of Basic Semiconductor Properties, Abdolreza Ariantaj

Theses

Mobility, resistivity, and total impurity concentration of several purchased p-type silicon samples with known resistivities were measured by Hall effect, experiments utilizing the Van Der Pauw method. The silicon samples will serve as Hall effect standards for future measurements on other semiconductor materials, particularly gallium nitride ion cluster beam (ICB) deposited thin films. The samples which were Freshly etched with hydrofluoric acid had measurement values of 455 cm ² / V.sec, 45.9 Ω cm, and 2.6 X 10¹⁴ cm³ for mobility, resistivity, and total impurity concentration, respectively. The mobility values were within 9.9 per cent, of the published values …

Substructuring Analysis For Impact Dynamics Using Ansys Finite Element Package, Chang Ho Cho

Theses

This thesis is intended to serve as an introductory guide to ANSYS finite element package for the analysis of impact dynamics. Substructuring technique has been used to reduce the degrees of freedom.

Finite element method is essentially a numerical technique to calculate elastic deformations. However, by introducing some techniques like gap element, the technique can be easily extended to rigid body dynamic analysis. To solve the equation of motion both for rigid body and elastic deformations, direct integration technique is used in this thesis, i.e., Houbolt method.

ANSYS is a large scale general purpose computer program for finite element analysis. …

Biodegradation Of Multiple Substrates In A Batch Reactor, Nilesh Naik

Theses

The biological degradation of multiple substrates was studied at room temperature in aerated 5-liter batch reactors using mixed liquor from the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners wastewater treatment plant (Newark, New Jersey).

Two substrate mixtures were used (with initial concentration indicated in parenthesis): (1) phenol(100ppm) + nitrobenzene(10ppm) + 2,6-dichiorophenol(10ppm); (2) 2-chlorphenol(20ppm) + nitrobenzene(10ppm) + 2,6-dichlorphenol(10ppm). From concentration versus time data, kinetic rate constants for zero-order, first-order, and Monod models were determined. Most of the data were best fit by either the Monod or zero-order model. For all compounds tested biodegradation was the primary removal mechanism, and in many cases the rate …

Systems Building Theory Application Within The Residential Housing Construction Market, Gary Alexander Newhard

Theses

The primary purpose of this report is to introduce the economical value in utilizing certain "systems building" applications. In this report I focus on integrated system methodologies that encourage residential building economy and submit such systems as a viable alternative to traditional labor intensive housing construction. The consumer market that could be particularly enhanced by these systems ranges from low income to middle income and the by-product would be classified as "affordable" housing.

This report focuses on the New Jersey real estate market and presents certain prefabricated housing systems as an economical means of meeting the large demand for residential …