Engineering Commons^™

Computer Aided Mathematical Modeling Of A Once Through Claus Type Sulfur Recovery Process, Yuriy Osyp Kutny

Theses

The computer aided mathematical modeling of the once through Claus process for hydrogen sulfide conversion to sulfur is presented herein. This vapor phase oxidation reaction is carried out using one thermal reactor and up to three bauxite catalytic reactors with sulfur condensers in between. The method of catalytic reactor feed reheat and its ramifications upon reactor performance and total model convergence is of major importance.

The reactor feed preheat can be carried out in either of the following ways: (1) indirect heat exchange using some external heat source; (2) indirect heat exchange using other hot process streams as heat source; …

Stress Analysis Of A Pressure Vessel By The Finite Element Method, Hsin-Te Liao

Theses

The objective of this paper is to take a finite element program, called ANSYS, to analyze the surface stress distribution of a thin-wall pressure vessel with a spherical head.

The computer program ANSYS, which primarily applies the principle of virtual work in solid continuum, has been used to solve shell problems with quadrilateral element. Problems solved are: <1> hoop stress <2> meridional stress (<)3) maximum shear stress.

In this paper, the theoretical finite element formulation of axisymmetric elasticity of the ANSYS program is presented.

Finally, some numerical examples of shells with spherical heads of various radius are given. The solution obtained from ANSYS is very …

Discontinuity Stresses Analysis In Pressure Vessel, Jan-Joo Liu

Theses

In this paper, the ANSYS general purpose finite element computer aided design program was used to perform a series of stress analyses for shells with heads of various shapes.

The analysis included maximum discontinuity stresses, stress contours and displacements induced in axisymmetrical shells subjected to internal pressure loading; especially at the junction of the cylinder and heads of various shapes.

CONICAL SHELL finite elements and TWO-DIMENSIONAL ISOPARAMETRIC finite elements were used in the analysis. The results of the analyses compared very favorably with solutions derived from membrane and bending theory solutions for pressure vessels.

The effect of longitudinal and hoop …

Linearization Accuracy In Probabilistic Load Flow, Guan-Zhong Liang

Theses

This paper presents a linear load flow method which can be used for probabilistic load flow analysis. The method is based on least-square estimation. To estimate its accuracy in linear load flow calculations, the method and a previously developed linear load flow method are applied to a typical power system and the results evaluated. Comparable accuracy is noted.

Air Pollutant Emissions From Non-Vented Radiant Kerosene Heater, Anil Kumar Mishra

Theses

Gaseous emissions from non-vented kerosene heaters can generate and create significant indoor air concentrations of various gaseous pollutants. Indoor air concentrations resulting from operating a portable non-vented radiant type kerosene heater in three rooms of size 38.7, 58.1 and 137 M³ were studied. Studies in the environmental chamber having a size of 38.7 M³ under two sets of ventilation conditions showed elevated levels of CO₂, total hydrocarbons and CO. An emission rate model was used to estimate the strength of pollutant source, for total hydrocarbons, CO₂ and CO with data reported in terms of mass …

Biodegradation Of Mixed Phenolic Substrates, Prasad Gonnabathula

Theses

The biological degradation of phenol, with either 2-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, or nitrobenzene as cosubstrates was studied in aerated five - liter batch reactors using mixed liquor from the Passaic Valley Sewarage Commissioners wastewater treatment plant (Newark, NJ). The initial substrate concentrations were: 100 – 150 ppm phenol, 10 - 20 ppm 2-cp, 10 ppm 2,3 dcp, and 10 - 20 ppm nitrobenzene. The concentration vs. time data were fit to three kinetic models: zero-order, first-order, and Monod(assuming constant biomass). Most of the data were best fit by either the Monod or zero-order model. For all compounds tested, biodegradation was the primary …

Physical And Mechanical Properties Of A New Type Of Polymer Concrete, Kyan Bin Khoo

Theses

A new type of Polymer concrete is an admixture of a special Latex, Portland cement and Sand. It has high bond strength, quick curing, durability and adequate strength. The Mechanical and Physical properties were investigated in this paper. Reinforcement with Glassfiber was done and its properties compared to those of control specimens. The heat generation in Polymer Concrete (PC) and its relationship with the properties of PC was also investigated.

A new type of Polymer concrete is an admixture of a special Latex, Portland cement and Sand. It has high bond strength, quick curing, durability and adequate strength. The Mechanical …

The Kinetics And Mechanism Studies Of A Polymer Powder Coating On Metal Surface By Cathodic Electrodeposition Process, Wen-Lin Wu

Theses

A polymer dispersion of fluorocarbon with solid constent in the range of 10-25% were prepared from white powder polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), emulsifier combination of dodecylbenzyldimetlyl sulfonium chloride and Trition N-150, and other components or additives. Such a fluorocarbon dispersion is very stable against coagulation and has a pH in the range of 8-10, which is especially suitable for powder coating purpose.

A new electrocoating technique, which is called cathodic electrodeposition powder coating method, was conducted in this study. This new coating method includes four steps: pretreatment, electrocoating, drying and baking. Two kinds of degreased metal substrates, aluminum and steel plates, were …

Prediction Of Vapor And Liquid Equilibrium Properties For 25 Organic Priority Pollutants In Aqueous Solution, Pinchieh Pai

Theses

Activity coefficients and Henry's law constants for 25 organic priority pollutants were estimated using UNIFAC thermodynamic calculations. For 6 of these compounds, the results were compared with measured values reported in the literature. This indicated errors in the UNIFAC predictions varying from 24.0% to 95.0%. Best results with UNIFAC were obtained using liquid-liquid equilibria, rather than vapor-liquid equilibria.

Octanol/water partition coefficients were also estimated for the same 25 organic priority pollutants using the fragment constant method. Results differed from values reported in the literature by 5% to 170%.

Estimated activity coefficients were also used to predict stripping rates of organic …

Pozzolanic Admixtures In Concrete Mix, Ronghao Chen

Theses

Fly ash and condensed silica fume are two main mineral pozzolanic admixtures in portland cement concrete. The increasing use of the fly ash in concrete projects and concrete products during the past 3O years and condensed silica fume in several projects during the past 1O years indicates a greater acceptance of them as the mineral pozzolanic admixtures in concrete. Although the engineers are of some identical views in using these industrial byproducts in concrete projects, there are different views on how the behavior and utilization of fly ash con-crete and condensed silica fume concrete since the byproducts are not the …

An Inventory Model For The Specialty Chemical Industry, Paul Murchison

Theses

The specialty chemical industry is a unique segment of the chemical industry. This industry produces chemical intermediate products for the pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, and other chemically related industries. Most of the products that are produced are covered by patents or involve proprietary know—how. The specialty chemical products are a minor part of a total formulation but contribute unique properties to the end product. This feature of specialty chemicals gives the manufacturer unusual pricing power compared to producers of commodity chemicals. This industry has proven to be very competitive, profitable and in the forefront of the present automation revolution over the …

Waveform Analysis Using A Micro Computer, Dakshina K. Murthy

Theses

Harmonic analysis through a micro computer was performed at Brookhaven National laboratory to determine the magnitude and extent of hormonic dIstortionon in their electrical power supply system. DT 2801 Hardware and MADCAP software were used to accomplish the Harmonic anylysis through forier transform.

Preparation And Kinetic Study Of Immobilized Enzyme Catalyst, Sanjiv S. Kuray

Theses

Degradation of commercially available immobilized Glucose Isomerase enzyme was studied in a batch reactor. Effect of shearing on the degradation was studied by comparing the performance of a basket type reactor ( with enzyme kept inside the stirrer) and ordinary batch reactor ( with enzyme kept outside the stirrer).

Invertase enzyme is available commercially in a free soluble form. It was coupled with a new kind of starch derivative. The coupling efficiency achieved was 8.7 % and the concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 718 U invertase per gram of starch. The deactivation of enzyme-starch gel was studied in a …

The Conversion Of The Process Flowsheet Simulator, Flowtran, For Fortran 66 Based Mainframe Computers, Timothy Edward Roche

Theses

The process flowsheet simulator FLOWTRAN was converted from FORTRAN 77 code to FORTRAN 66 code. The conversion was accomplished by developing a number of subprograms to handle FORTRAN 77 intrinsic functions that are missing in the FORTRAN 66 standard and by altering the code to take advantage of the developed subprograms. Also developed were a set of procedure files for executing the FORTRAN 66 FLOWTRAN on a Sperry-Univac 90/80-4. The new FLOWTRAN was tested and performs identically to the FORTRAN 77 version. The FORTRAN 66 FLOWTRAN can be installed on any mainframe computer with a FORTRAN 66 compiler.

Implementation Of Finite Element Method On A Microcomputer, Chi-Yuang Huang

Theses

A finite-element program FEM2D has been implemented on a PHILIPS microcomputer. The program has a generation preprocessor and thus makes finite-element analysis on a microcomputer considerably easier than before, since it allows models to be created and edited much faster than by manual method. The interactive program FEM2D prompts the user to input data directly from the screen. It is convenient for the user, both in teaching and learning.

The FEM2D is a two-dimensional finite-element program capable of solving two-dimensional problems, such as plane elasticity, heat transfer and imcompressible fluid flow problems. It is developed with a formulation of a …

The Design Of An Order Processing System, Michael Montrose

Theses

The writer of this thesis was once involved in the order processing function with the company studied and recognized that there is a need for a better method of processing customer orders that could be applicable to other companies.

The company studied is considered a "high tech" company, meaning that it is engaged in the design; manufacture, and sale of the latest state of the art products that employ modern computer technology. It is ironic that this company, on the leading edge in its field; is in great need of reform in the office methods used to order its products. …

On-Line Analysis Of Highly Coherent Brain Activity During Transcendental Meditation And Automated Biofeedback, Deepak Dinkerrai Rawal

Theses

Occurance of highly coherent brain activity (EEG) specific to the meditation has been reported in the literature. The present thesis is an effort to look into the mechanics of meditation using the recent technique of analysis of high coherence in the EEG. Based on previous work, reporting increased EEG coherence during practice of Transcendental Meditation, a closed loop model and hypothesis is proposed using biofeedback to close the loop. The hypothesis proposes that very high coherence in the EEG is a very significant neurophysiological parameter, reflecting instantaneous quality of meditation in the form of an average high coherence above threshold. …

An Analysis Of Different Desalination Processes, Vahe Garabed Hovsepian

Theses

The object of this thesis is to study the various modes of desalination and analyze the energy and economic requirements. The desalination methods discussed are, single stage desalination, Long tube vertical Evaporator, Multistage Flash distillation, Solar Energy method, Freezing method, Reverse osmosis & Electrodialysis.

It was found that for vapor reheat process at 350°F input 639 ft-lbs/lb product required 2.01 kw-hr/100gal. product and the total cost 51.6c/1000gal.

Not one process is best for everyone. In countries close to the equator, the solar energy method is the best. Most other countries depend on flash distillation process, etc. So we can't draw …

Design And Evaluation Of Performance For The Multi-Microprocessor System, Sang-Soo Lee

Theses

A tightly coupled multiple-microprocessor with two MPU's that can be run at different clock speeds has been built and tested. The method of interconnection for this multiprocessor is a timeshared common bus with shared memories having a tightly coupled architecture. The signal timipg of the multiprocessor system for different speeds has been investigated using a logic analyzer for simulation modeling. The desired timing results have been obtained. According to the timing results, the simulation model for the General Purpose Simulation System has been correctly designed and performance of the multiprocessor system for the various clock speeds has been evaluated by …

A Study Of Hazardous Wastes Generated In New Jersey With Regard To The Siting Of Waste Disposal Facilities In The State, Shreerang Narayan Dharasker

Theses

The effective treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes is one of the most urgent problems facing the State of New Jersey today. New Jersey is the most densely populated state and is a leader in industry. Nearly every major industry in the nation is represented by one or many production units all of which generate copious amounts of hazardous and toxic wastes each year. Although the state has the toughest rules and regulations on the management of hazardous waste, there are very few options exercised or facilities cited for the effective treatment and disposal of wastes within the state boundaries. …

Emergency Stop Devices And The Human Factors Of Response, Robert Paul Guinter

Theses

The manual emergency stop Was recognized as an im- portant aspect of machine control very early during the history of powered mechanical systems. The purpose, of course, was to allow machinery to be quickly stepped during emergencies to minimize equipment damage and/or personal injury. Today, however, the emphasis of control is being shifted more and more toward totally automatic systems. Often, the importance of manual emergency stopping and override of these systems is lost in the zeal to perfect automatic controls. The problem that evolves is how and when to provide an efficient human-machine interface to allow a manual emergency …

A Research Study To Determine The Characteristics And Attitudes Shared By Entrepreneurs And Intrapreneurs And The Similarities And Differences Between Them, Miguel A. Vargas

Theses

The United States of America has been the mecca of many ventures for people with vision, goals and perseverance. The prosperity of our nation has been paved by individuals with great ambition, determination and insight, who have dared to take on a risk in owning a business enterprise.

This research study was conducted to determine the characteristics and attitudes of both entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, as well as the similarities and differences between them.

For this study, a survey of entrepreneurs.was conducted through the use of questionnaires distributed to business owners located in the counties of Essex, Passaic and Hudson, in …

Osmotic And Mean Activity Coefficients Of Cacl2, Nai, Libr And Licl In Ethanol At 50 Degrees C, Gregory J. Czerwienski

Theses

Vapor pressure depression data for CaCl₂, NaI, LiBr, and LiCl were measured at a molality ranging between 0.2-7.5 depending on the solubility of the salt in ethanol. Data were also measured at 35° C for the LiCl. The apparatus used was a recirculation still of the Othmer type.

Osmotic coefficients were calculated from the total pressure of the system. The one parameter Bromley equation and the three parameter Pitzer equation were used to correlate the data. For all the systems, the Pitzer equation correlated the data better as one would expect. Mean activity coefficients were calculated graphically and …

Dispersion In The Laminar Flow Of Ellis Model Fluids Through Straight Tubes, Yeong-Hua Huang

Theses

Taylor-Aris dispersion theory is extended to the laminar tube flow of Carreau model fluids and Ellis model fluids and the results are compared with those of power law fluids. It is found that Carreau and Ellis models are more appropriate than power-law model, especially at low pressure gradient.

An exact solution to the unsteady convective diffusion equation in fully developed laminar flow in tube is obtained by applying the generalized dispersion theory of Gill and Sankarasubramanian for Ellis model. The results are compared with those obtained by Booras and Krantz for power-law model. The most interesting result of this work …

The Separation Of Proteins Via Charged Electromembrane Process, Chi-Wen Lin

Theses

A new method for separation and concentration of protein and other biocolloids such as hemoglobin and albumin was developed by a process called the charged electromembrane (CEM) process. The process is characterized by using a metallic membrane as a filter which can carry either positive or negative electric current.

The effect of various factors on the separation coefficient and filtration efficiency were investigated experimentally. These factors include strength of electric field, pH of colloidal solution, electric current through membrane filter and flow rate.

It was found out that the thickness of the gel layer formed on the membrane could be …

Biodegradation Of Phenol And 2-Chlorophenol Using A Fill-And-Draw-Reactor, Chi-Chun Tsai

Theses

The biological degradation of phenol and 2-chlorophenol was studied at room temperature in a microprocesser controlled fill-and-draw reactor using activated sludge from the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners wastewater treatment plant (Newark, New Jersey). The reactor was cycled through four unit processes: fill, react, settle, and draw. Different cycle times were tested, and the system response was characterized by dissolved oxygen measurements and substrate analysis (by gas chromatography).

With inhibitory substrates, such as those tested, this reactor had much more flexibility, and was therefore much easier to operate, than a standard continuous flow reactor.

Effect Of Humidity And Moderate Temperature On Microcircuit Failure, Antoine Mikhayel Chaia

Theses

The increased use of microprocessors has brought forth many questions concerning the reliability of these devices.

This research discuss the TTL integrated circuit failure rates, and provides information on the effects of temperature, device complexity and packaging on TTL failure rates under storage condition of 100% R.H. (Relative Humidity) and 100°C and no added humidity at 100°C. Other factors which can affect failure rate are also discussed, including designs, materials process.

Approximately 200 microcircuits of TTL (74LS00) were subjected to extend life testing at 100°C; where 125 chips are tested at 100°C ± 2° and no added humidity and the …

Nervous System Simulation, Jian Chen

Theses

This thesis deals with the nervous system simulation. The Hodgkin-Huxley model and Stein's model are used as basic tools. The author has tried to describe some practical problems by mathematical models.

First, the horse-shoe crab eye is investigated. Light intensity is reported to the brain by the firing frequency of the photoreceptoe. A Poisson process is used to simulate the stimulus to the receptor. The result of the stochastic model coincides with the theoretical one: receptor overlapping decreases the resolving power of the eye; and the lateral inhibition compensates the effect of overlapping.

Second, a nerve muscle model was set …

A Closed Form Image Force Function For Deposition Of Particles In A Cylindrical Tube, Hsi-Chung Chiou

Theses

This study investigated the behavior of charged particles suspended in a laminar steady incompressible flow in a cylindrical tube under the influences of image , inertia , viscous and gravitational forces. A new expression for the image force was obtained by introducing an approximate potential energy function. The velocity profiles employed in the analysis were uniform and parabolic.

The governing equations derived were based on Newton's second law of motion and were solved by a Runge-Kutta numerical method. The results were obtained for different values of Q, a dimensionless inertia-charge parameter. For a value of Q equal to zero the …

On Torsional Spring Constants At The Juncture Of Piping-Nozzle, Shean-Juinn Chiou

Theses

Numerical results of torsional spring constants at the juncture of piping-nozzle are studied in this thesis by using the "ANSYS" program and run on VAX computer. These results are presented in tabulated form for a piping-nozzle vessel with constant thickness of 0.375 in. Plot for the torsional spring constants in terms of beta (nozzle radius/pipe radius), gamma (pipe radius/thickness) and alpha (pipe length/radius) are also presented in this thesis. These data are under zero piping internal pressure with beta ranging from 0.1 to 0.8, and gamma ranging from 10 to 150. A numerical example with verification is also given.