Engineering Commons^™

Color Image Segmentation, Kimberley A. Mccrae

Theses and Dissertations

The most difficult stage of automated target recognition ATR is segmentation. Current AFIT segmentation problems include faces and tactical targets previous efforts to segment these objects have used intensity and motion cues. This thesis develops a color preprocessing scheme to be used with the other segmentation techniques. A neural network is trained to identify the color of a desired object, eliminating all but that color from the scene. Gabor correlations and 2D wavelet transformations will be performed on stationary images and 3D wavelet transforms on multispectral data will incorporate color and motion detection into the machine visual system. The thesis …

Objective Image Quality Metrics: Applications For Partially Compensated Images Of Space Objects, David J. Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Digital image reconstruction tasks currently require human intervention for a subjective evaluation of image quality. A method for unsupervised measurement of digital image quality is desired. This research investigated various parameters metrics that can be automatically extracted from a digital image and tested how well they correlated with image quality. Specifically, images of orbiting satellites captured by a partially compensated adaptive optics telescope were dealt with. Two different types of quantities were investigated 1) Fourier spectral parameters, based on the spatial- frequency sensitivities of the HVS; and 2) Histogram shape parameters i.e image statistical moments giving quantitative insight into the …

Modeling And Simulation Of Bipolar Transistor At Low Temperature, Swarupa Madhav Nerurkar

Dissertations and Theses

The BICMOS technology which integrates the CMOS technology with bipolar technology has drawn considerable attention as an attractive VLSI technology because of the high speed performance and low power consumption of the BICMOS. However, continued down scaling of CMOS devices has caused increased concerns with problems such as latch up, hot carriers and short channel effect. Most of the above mentioned problems can be avoided by operating the CMOS at liquid-nitrogen temperature(LNT). At low-temperatures, the CMOS exhibits lower sub threshold leakage, higher carrier mobility (which yields improved speed performance), and a steeper logarithmic currentvoltage slope. On the other hand, the …

Pattern Recognition And Erp Waveform Analysis Using Wavelet Transform, Hong Qi

Dissertations and Theses

Wavelet transform provides an alternative to the classical Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). In contrast to the STFT, which uses a single analysis window, the Wavelet Transform uses shorter windows at higher frequencies and longer windows at lower frequencies. For some particular wavelet functions, the local maxima of the wavelet transform correspond to the sharp variation points of the signal. As an application, wavelet transform is introduced to the character recognition. Local maximum of wavelet transform is used as a local feature to describe character boundary. The wavelet method performs well in the presence of noise. The maximum of wavelet transform …

Investigation Of Solution Space Of Trees And Dags For Realization Of Combinational Logic In At 6000 Series Fpgas, Philip Ho

Dissertations and Theses

Various tree and Directed Acyclic Graph structures have been used for representation and manipulation of switching functions. Among these structures the Binary Decision DiagramJilave been the most widely used in logic synthesis. A BDD is a binary tree graph that represents the recursive execution of Shannon's expansion. A FDD is a directed function graph that represents the recursive execution of Reed Muller expansion. A family of decision diagrams for representation of Boolean function is introduced in this thesis. This family of Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams (KFDD) includes the Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD) and Functional Decision Diagrams (FDD) as subsets. Due …

Vertex Ordering For A Partitioning-Based Fitting Algorithm For An Epld Device, Tongjun Gao

Dissertations and Theses

As the Application-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) technology develops to the trend of high density and modulization, the ASIC device market has been dominated gradually by the more complex Erasable Programmable Logic Devices (EPLDs) and the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGAs) instead of the ordinally Programmable Logic Devices(PLDs). Meanwhile, the design automation system for such programmable devices has also moved from schematic entry design to high level hardware description language entry design. Usually, the whole design automation process consists of three phrases, the high level hardware description language compiler, the logic synthesis stage and the layout synthesis stage. Though the layout synthesis stage …

On Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter, Zhiqiang Zhang

Dissertations

Linear filters have historically been used in the past as the most useful tools for suppressing noise in signal processing. It has been shown that the optimal filter which minimizes the mean square error (MSE) between the filter output and the desired output is a linear filter provided that the noise is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, in most signal processing applications, the noise in the channel through which a signal is transmitted is not AWGN; it is not stationary, and it may have unknown characteristics.

To overcome the shortcomings of linear filters, nonlinear filters ranging from the median …

Simplification Of The Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter And Comparative Studies With Other Nonlinear Filters, Henry Steven Hanek

Theses

Recently, a new class of adaptive filters called Generalized Adaptive Neural Filters (GANFs) has emerged. They share many characteristics in common with stack filters, include all stack filters as a subset. The GANFs allow a very efficient hardware implementation once they are trained. However, there are some problems associated with GANFs. Three of these arc slow training speeds and the difficulty in choosing a filter structure and neural operator.

This thesis begins with a tutorial on filtering and traces the GANF development up through its origin -- the stack filter. After the GANF is covered in reasonable depth, its use …

Comparison Between Stimulated Emg And Natural Emg, Zak Belfki

Theses

The electromyograph (EMG) signal generated from a cat's jaw muscle in movement, is analyzed. After a series of experiments at UMDNJ, three major categories of EMG were recorded: rest EMG, biting EMG and hissing EMG.

The biting files contained a series of EMG collected in successive episodes. Power spectrum and statistical analysis were applied to the episodes. Each episode had approximately 43,000 samples. Results showed that these episodes had a similar spectrum with statistically the same mean and variance.

The hissing files were produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and contained EMG embedded in a stimulus artifact. The problem …

A High-Temperature Pressure Sensor Utilizing Linear Voltage Differential Transformer (Lvdt) And Silicon Wafer-To-Wafer Fusion Bonding Technologies, Robert Sylvester Okojie

Theses

A novel high-temperature pressure sensor was designed based on the principle of magnetic induction. The device is meant to correct the problems inherent in conventional Solid-State pressure transducers such as piezoresistive and capacitive at temperatures above 300°C. Prominent among these problems are increased leakage current, reduced absolute sensitivity, redistributed impurity concentration profile, and thermal mismatch.

This thesis combined the Biot Savart magnetostatic principle and the theory of deflecting clamped circular plates to obtain the microelectromechanical relationship. The problem of thermal mismatch was resolved by the symmetrical layering of a Si₃N₄/TaSi₂/Si₃N₄ sandwich, …

Magnetohydrodynamic Behavior Under Current Impulse Excitation, Shi Wu

Theses

The effects of magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow between two parallel plates of infinite extent are investigated. The applied magnetic field is due to an infinite impulse current-carrying conductor located a small distance below the lower channel wall. Influence of the induced magnetic field, such that the magnetic Reynolds number (R_m) is less than unity but greater than zero, is included. The solution is obtained using the perturbation theory in the expansion of the field components in a double-power series in R_m and I. Calculations for the magneto-fluid components were carried out using personal computer. …

Investigation Of The Pl Cebus Performance With And Without Acknowledgment, Menghan Pan

Theses

The power line implementation of the consumer electronic bus (PL CEBUS) is a promising and inexpensive approach for home automation. Since the intro¬duction of the PL CEBUS standards, there has been increasing efforts on evaluating its performance. However, all the works have been performed for unacknowledged networks. This thesis presents the first successful evaluation of the PL CEBUS with acknowledment. Three different cases, namely, 600, 300 and 100 bits packet sizes, have been considered. The evaluation included the simulation of performance parameters such as message and packet delays, message throughput, and channel throughput. Acknowledged network performance has been confirmed to …

Real Time Control Of A Dual Resonator System, Penghuai Shen

Theses

An experimental multi-resonator system has been developed to study modelling and robust control of such systems in a real-time environment. The plant to be controlled consists of a pair of interconnected resonators whose resonant frequency and plant structure are known. The control objectives are to provide closed loop stability and asymptotic regulation of the frequency, gain and phase of each of the resonators. Furthermore, it is desired to use a minimal controller configuration so as to reduce implementational complexity.

The theoretical results follow directly the paper " Decentralized Robust Control of Interconnected Resonators" written by my advisor Dr. Timothy N. …

Hardware Design For Jpeg And A Comparative Study Of Jpeg And Mpeg Image Compression Algorithms, Aravind Soundararajan

Theses

The complete PC-based hardware design along with the initialization and control software of the JPEG algorithm is presented in this thesis. The hardware could run in real-time to compress, decompress and display still frame images. LSI Logic JPEG chipset was used in the design. This is a dedicated chipset for the JPEG compression algorithm.

A simulation software was used for studying the performance of MPEG video compression algorithm. Various video test sequences were compressed through the codec simulation software and the resulting rate-distortion performance was calculated. These are compared with the performance of JPEG based image sequence compressor.

It is …

Traffic Management Of A Satellite Communication Network Using Stochastic Optimization, Ambalavanar Arulambalam

Theses

The performance of nonhierachial circuit switched networks at moderate load conditions is improved when alternate routes are made available. However, alternate routes introduce instability under heavy and overloaded conditions, and under these load conditions network performance is found to deteriorate. To alleviate this problem, a control mechanism is used where, a fraction of the capacity of each link is reserved for direct routed calls.

In this work, a traffic management scheme is developed to enhance the performance of a mesh-connected, circuit-switched satellite communication network. The network load is measured and the network is continually adapted by reconfiguring the map to …

An Efficient Guaranteed Bandwidth And Balancing Mechanism For High Speed Mans, Venediktos Hadjisavvas

Theses

The Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) has become the IEEE 802.6 stan-dard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). The main advantage of DQDB is that its throughput performance is not affected by the network parameters such as size, number of connected stations, or channel bandwidth. Its main drawback is that the location of the stations on the bus strongly affects their performance. For this reason a Bandwidth Balancing Mechanism (BBM_DQDB) has been proposed and included in the 802.6 standard that can provide the requested bandwidth by the lightly loaded stations and evenly distribute the remaining bandwidth among the overloaded stations. The …

Modeling Of Rapid Thermal Processing System By Finite Element Method, Helen Martynov

Theses

A finite element model for the Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) system at NJIT was developed based on the software package MSC/NASTRAN. Based on this model, a thermal analysis of the 9" chamber, 3 zones (37 lamps) RTP system was conducted for various modes of system operation with the 6" silicon wafer temperature varying from 300°K to 1100°K. An open-loop control algorithm was developed in order to study the dependence of wafer temperature on time, position, and applied radiant heat distribution. It was shown that the non-uniformity in the radial temperature profile can be less than 3°C during wafer heating at …

Radiation From A Tapered Dielectric Rod Antenna, Anil Prabhakar

Theses

The radiation fields from a cylindrical dielectric taper is studied. The numerical results of a theoretical model for a taper excited by the dominant HEn mode is compared with experimental measurements. A theoretical mode] for the next propa¬gating mode in the structure. the TE01 mode. is investigated and numerical results based on this proposed model are generated. The theoretical models are based upon the combination of the exact modal field solutions for a step profile cylindrical dielectric rod waveguide. local mode Hum-T. and the equivalence principle for the determination of equivalent current densities.

The far-zone radiation field is considered to …

Design Of Mask For Striped Filters And Thin-Film Multi-Layer Emissivity Modeling For Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometer, Jitesh Navinchandra Shah

Theses

Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometry (M-WIP) measures thermal radiation of any target (color or gray) in multiple narrow-spectral-regions and can simultaneously determine target temperature and emissivity. One approach for measuring radiation at multiple wavelengths using a 320X244 element Pt-Si SBD infrared camera is to use narrow-band striped filters deposited on a transparent substrate with proper alignment. The major focus of this thesis was the design of a four layer mask for investigating the feasibility of defining three-wavelength striped filters compatible with focal plane array. This mask design allows twelve distinct narrow band striped filter geometries and four test-patterns on a 4-inch silicon …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Infrared Filters, Samiul Amin

Theses

In-situ temperature monitoring, mapping, and control have become significant in semiconductor processes. Temperature of these processes can be measured by making use of the thermal emission from substrates in the infrared region. Various methods have been proposed to provide multicolor infrared detection. One such method involves placing segmented infrared filters close to the focal plane. The present study aims at gaining an insight into the design, fabrication and characterization of infrared filters. Filters were designed and fabricated with peak transmission at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 m. Extensive spectroscopic studies, using FTIR spectroscopy, have been performed in the infrared region, on …

A Parallel Processing Architecture For Dqdb Protocol Implementation, Nilesh Vinubhai Gandhi

Theses

The high bandwidth transmission links, which have been provided by the advances of Fiber Optics Technology, reduce drastically the packet transmission times and place new demands on the nodal protocol processing. Segmentation and reassembly of packets, computation of checksums, introduction of source and destination addresses, etc., must be performed extremely fast in order to prevent node processing from becoming the bottleneck of the transmission. Parallel processing enables the execution of the previous tasks on multiple packets simultaneously and therefore has the potential of addressing the issue of fast node processing successfully. In this thesis we focus on the Medium Access …

Rigorous Te Solution To The Staircase Model Of The Dielectric Wedge Antenna, Wan-Yu Chen

Theses

The rigorous TE solution to the staircase model of the dielectric wedge antenna is presented. The fundamental, even TE surface wave mode of the dielectric slab waveguide is taken to excite a dielectric wedge which is formed by symmetrically tapering the slab. The method of solution is based on Marcuse's step-transition method. Radiation patterns of power gain are presented which show increased maximum power gains and narrower main lobe beamwidths for longer wedges. For higher dielectric constant material, the main lobe beamwidth is increased. In all cases examined, negligible sidelobes were obtained.

Model Parameter Identification Of The Oscillatory Potential In The Electroretinogram, Sung Hoon Jang

Theses

A mathematical model of the oscillatory potential which may be a useful clinical tool to diagnose the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The model has been investigated by compressing from oscillatory potential into three parameters which contain most of the information for the oscillatory potential data.

About thirty subjects including both normal and diabetic subjects were investigated in this study. Comparing normal and diabetic subjects, we found amplitude parameter was most important factor to classify subjects by normal and diabetic.

Since modeling of the oscillatory potential and the estimation of the model parameters were our final goal, we haven't proposed to …

Object Oriented Design Of Petri Net Simulator, Himanshu Juneja

Theses

Petri nets are highly useful for modeling discrete event dynamic systems. The objective of this effort is to develop a tool for drawing, editing and simulating Petri nets using object oriented programming on a standard platform. The object oriented approach was chosen because of its code reuse and extendability features which simplify the task of adding features to the tool as the model evolves. The design stresses on modeling of the problem by objects which closely relate the system design with the implementation.

C++ is used for implementing the object oriented design, and the XView toolkit is used for building …

Linear Ccd Motion Detection System, Thekepat J. Sudesh

Theses

The mechanical response to electrical stimuli of the human membrane represents an important area of research in medicine. A linear sensing system was designed and fabricated to measure the displacements (along a specified direction) and the frequency response of a ear membrane, the Outer Hair Cell (OHC). The output of this system was a voltage proportional to the instantaneous position of the bimorph and could be displayed on an oscilloscope.

The system consisted of optics to project the image of the vibrating membrane onto a Linear CCD Camera and electronic analog and digital circuitry which produced an instantaneous voltage proportional …

Simulation Of Switched Linear Networks, Dietmar Reinhard Skowronn

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis deals with the time-domain analysis of switched linear networks and investigates inherent problems which have to be considered when analyzing this class of networks. Computer simulation requires the use of numerical methods and we focus on the transmission -line modelling technique (TLM) and the numerical inverse Laplace transform. A general approach based on the one-graph modified nodal description is given which allows the formulation of circuit equations of a TLM-modelled circuit by inspection. The numerical equivalence of TLM and trapezoidal rule has been found and a proof is given. A variable step size simulator has been developed based …

A Study Of Spiking And Relaxation Oscillations In Nd:Yag Laser Using Measured Laser Parameters, Ramesh K. Shori

Dissertations and Theses

It was shown analytically and experimentally that when the cavity losses are perturbed, the output intensity experiences an amplitude modulation or becomes a regular train of spikes, with the frequency depending on both the frequency of perturbation as well as pump power. Coupled nonlinear rate equations including the cavity perturbation term, are solved numerically by a Runga-Kutta method using experimentally-measured parameter values for Nd: Y AG laser. A continuously pumped Nd: Y AG laser was used to verify this theory.

Automatic Tuning Of Integrated Filters Using Neural Networks, Lutz Henning Lenz

Dissertations and Theses

Component values of integrated filters vary considerably due to· manufacturing tolerances and environmental changes. Thus it is of major importance that the components of an integrated filter be electronically tunable. The method explored in this thesis is the transconductance-C-method.

A method of realizing higher-order filters is to use a cascade structure of second-order filters. In this context, a method of tuning second-order filters becomes important.

The research objective of this thesis is to determine if the Neural Network methodology can be used to facilitate the filter tuning process for a second-order filter (realized via the transconductance-C-method). Since this thesis is, …

Unified Bias Analysis Of Subspace-Based Doa Estimation Algorithms, Yang Lu

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents the unified bias analysis of subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms in terms of physical parameters such as source separation, signal coherence, number of senors and snapshots. The analysis reveals the direct relationship between the performance of the DOA algorithms and signal measurement conditions. Insights into different algorithms are provided. Based upon previous first-order subspace perturbations, second-order subspace perturbations are developed which provide basis for bias analysis and unification. Simulations verifying the theoretical bias analysis are presented.

Detecting Chaotic Signals With Nonlinear Models, Qin Cai

Dissertations and Theses

In this thesis we apply chaotic dynamic data analysis to the area of discrete time signal processing. A newly developed Hidden Filter Hidden Markov Model is introduced in detection of chaotic signals. Numerical experiments have verified that this novel nonlinear model outperforms linear AR model in detecting chaotic signals buried by noise having similar power spectra. A simple Histogram Model is proposed which can also be used to do detection on the data sets with chaotic behavior. Receiver Operating Characteristics for a variety of noise levels and model classes are reported.