Engineering Commons^™

Simplified Procedure For Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Characteristics, Shuh-Gi Chern, Tain-Shyang Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the evaluation of liquefaction characters for soil subjected to earthquake induced cyclic loading. Cyclic triaxial test results are used to develop the basic model. It is then used to evaluate cyclic shear strength τR, number of cycles required to cause liquefaction Nι or failure condition Nf , and the generation of excess pore water pressure Ug. The development of this model is a great breakthrough for the evaluation of liquefaction characteristics for soils under earthquake loadings.

Engineering Properties And Application Of Cement-Based Fly Ash Blocks, R. Huang, J.J. Chang, W. Yeih

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Under the consideration of environmental protection, direct disposal of coal ash is not acceptable. It is required to solidify fly ash before ocean disposal or land disposal. The objective of this study is to investigate the properties and the possible applications of the solid blocks produced from fly ash. Thirty-six mixes have been proportioned using different cementing materials such as portland cement, lime, sludge treatment compound, and industrial silica slag. Extensive laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the block properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and soundness. In addition, the possible engineering application is also evaluated. …

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Building Services Engineering

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Building Services Engineering

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Building Services Engineering

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Electrochcmical Reaction Of Redox Proteins Speeded Up By The Dye Modified Electrodes, Ting Chen, Shaojun Dong, Yuanwu Xie

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electron transfer reaction of redox proteins faciliated by dye medifiedelectrode was reviewed in this paper. The medification metheds and the properties of dye modifiedelectrode were discussed. Several different studying metheds,such as voltammetry, flow analysis and spectroelectrochemical method, were reviewed. Areversible electrocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed and verified by comparing the digital calculation results with the experimental results.

Laser Scanning In-Situ Photoelectrochemical Microscopictechnique And Its Applications, Zugeng Lin, Jinkua You, Xiangdong Zhuo, Chun Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The main factors of the laser scanning in-situ photoelectrochemical microscopic measurement system which is set up in our lab have been discusaed in this paper. Some applications of this technique for in-situ study of modification and processing of semiconductor electrodes, monitoring of electro deposition process of semiconducting material and redox reaction occurring at metal oxide electrodes have also been presented. The results have shown that the technique is very powerful that for studing local photoelectrochemical properties of semiconductors and metal oxide electrodes. These provide important information on the micro structural and electronic properties in the solid/electrolyte interface.

Studies Of The Black Molybdate Conversion Film On Stainless Steel, Jingli Fang, Liuqin Liuqin, Keping Han, Yaohui Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A black conversion film was formed on stainless steel with cathodic electrode position method from a molybdate-phosphate solution. This film displayed good themcotability. The results of XPS and AES analysis showed that the thickness of the film was 820 nm and that Mo existed as Mo(Ⅵ) in the surface of the film, while existed as Mo(Ⅵ) and Mo(Ⅳ) in the internal layer of the film. The relative atomic percent content (A.C.% of the film obtained from the elemental composition constant region of the depth profile curves by AES was O 50.9%, Mo 29.4%, P 12.6% and Fe 7.1% respectively. The …

Studies On Low Temperature Performance Of Rechargeable Mh-Ni Batteries, Wenkuan Zhang, Jingxian Shi, Yuwan Lou, Qiusheng Duan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Dependence of low temperature performance on the alloy composition and electrolyte component for rechargeable MH-Ni batteries is studied, the suitable composition of alloy and electrofyte are founds.

An Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation Of Toluene──Anodic Oxidation Of Mn(Ⅱ) On The Lead Electrode, Zhonghua Wang, Qingmin Hua, Guacai Chen, Zhongquan Wang, Yunan Qiu, Xingguo Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical oxidation of Mn(Ⅱ) to Mn(Ⅱ) in concentrated H₂SO₄ (2 ~ 8 mol⋅L^-1) at lead electrode has been studied. It is found that the electrode surface is oxidized to PbO₂ in a direct electrochemical reaction, then PbO₂ formed reacts with Mn(Ⅱ) in a chemical reaction. Some effects involves current density, concentration of H₂SO₄, temperature and conversionwere evaluated. The rule of electrogenerated Mn(Ⅲ) in flow electrolysis cell were determined at several conditions. The current efficiency at greater than 90% is obtained in general.

Electrochemically Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode And Determination Of Copper By Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, Jinrui Xu, Yie Liu, Xiurun Zhuang, Tomoo Miwa, Toyohide Takeuchi

Journal of Electrochemistry

This paper reported the glassy carbon electrode modified by cyclic voltammetrybetween -0.1 and +1.5 V (vs. SCE) in an aqueous solution containing catechol, for maldehyde and talium hydroxide. The modified electrode can be applied to the determination of copper(Ⅱ) in water, and its sensitivity is about 35 times higher than that of unmedified glassy carbon electrode, The quantitative limit with this modified electrode is 0.1 ng/ml.

The Electrochemical Reduction Of 2-Ethylanthraquinone (2eaq), Yaobin Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The process of electrochemical reduction of 2EAQ in DMSO is studied using CVand ESR methods in this work, Pt, Pd and some implanted materials are used as electrodes. The quasi-rever-sible property of two electron transfer steps and their following homogeneous chemical reactions are illustrated. The mechanism of the electrochemical red uction of 2EAQ and the kinetic parameters of the related steps are obtained. Having measured the influence of water content in the system, the effect of the proton donor is discussed. After comparising the experimental results with each other these experiments gives us the idea that the replacement of metal …

Photoelectrochemical And Spectroelectrochemical Studies Oniron Oxide Ultrafine Particles, Maizhi Yang, Yongjun Ji, Wen Zhang, Shengmin Cai, Xiaojiang Lu, Zhongqun Tian, Jin Luo

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, Raman spectra, photocurrent and the UV-VIS reflectance aremeasured for studying the α-Fe₂O₃ ultrafine particles adsorbed on Pt electrode. The blue shifts of Raman peaks demonstrate the size quantization effect for the particles of 50 nm in diameter ascompared with the bulk material. With the changing of the potential, the photocurrent decrcases as the UV-VIS reflectance increases, and vice-versa. Therefore, the potential not only affects the hargetransfer direcdtion in the interface of electrode/redox couple, but also influences the light absortion onthe surface of particles. According to the results of photoelectrochemistry, we suggest that the cathodic …

A Sutface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study On The Inhibition Mechanism Of Bmat On Stainless Steel In Hydrochloric Acid Solutions, Yinghua Zha, Baoming Wei, Zhongqun Tian, Changjian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The absorbtion of some nitrogen and sulfur compounds such as BMAT on 18-8stainless steel (SS) in 0.5% HCl were investigated by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The SERS spectra of BMAT adsorbed on SS were measured using a SS electro deposited with discontinuous silvet micro-islands. The results show that the inhibitor, BMAT, is chemisorbed on the SS surface through the N atom. Under the influence of π-electron interaction, BMAT can be adsorbed on SS surface at an angle. The allyls in BMAT molecules play the role of steric hindrance in the inhibition effect.

Horseradish Peroxidase/Poly-O-Phen Ylenediamine Mem Brane Electrode: Preparation And Properties, Dong Wei, Huihuang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/poly-o-phenylenediamine (PPD) membrane electrode was prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine on glassy carbon in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, the process of the enzyme immobilization was studied. The enzyme electrode obtained exhibits the activity to catalyze the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in the absence of any electron transfer mediator. The red uction reaction occurs in the potential range of PPD redoxprocess, it was believed that the polymer participates in electron transfer of the enzyme. The enzyme reaction kinetics at rotating HRP/PPD electrode was analysed, and the factors influencing kinetic parameters were discussed.

The Reduction Of Oxygen To Hydrogen Peroxide At The Poly(O-Phenylenediamine)-Filmed Electrode, Zhaoe Lu, Tiangeng Zhong, Guanyong Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PPD) filmed graphite electrode was formed by electro-polymerization of o-phenylenediamine in acidified (pH=1) 0.2 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄ solution using the cyclic voltammetric methed. The catalytic effect of the electrcareduction of oxygen in acid olution was demonstrated by the voltammogram of the electrode in the oxygen saturated acid solutionof Na₂SO₄. The current efficiency of the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide was determined by the electrolysis in a divided cell under the condition of constant current. The various effectsinfluencing the accmulation of H₂O₂ in the catholyte were discussed.

Studies On Coordination Behavior Of Dimethyl Sulfoxide In Complex Of Rare Earth With Cryptand, Shichang Liu, Tianpei Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical reduction reaction in the course of the titration of Eu(2.2.2) and Eu(2.2) using strong bonding solvent, DMSO, in C₂H₄Cl₂ has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The greater the concentration of strong bonding solvent, the more negative the half-wave potentials for the reduction reaction are. The coordination number of Eu(2.2.2) and Eu(2.2) which are 2 and 3 respectively, with DMSO can be calculated, according to the relations between half-wave potentials and the variety of concentration of DMSO.

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Building Services Engineering

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Ole Miss Engineer 1995

Ole Miss Engineer

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Building Services Engineering

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Wiping Out Tall Weeds, Brad Rayner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Control of weeds is an on-going battle for farmers, with many weapons becoming increasingly expensive. A refreshing exception to this trend is the blanket wiper, a cheap but effective meens of applying herbicides to taller weeds in pasture. Brad Rayner explains how it works.

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Building Services Engineering

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Studies Of Elecctrochcmical Oscillation Of Au/Hcl In Presence Of ″Positive Feedback″Of Substrate Electrodes, Bin Ren, Bingwei Mao, Xiongwei Cai, Tao Jiang, Jiqian Mu

Journal of Electrochemistry

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A Photoelectrochemical Investigation Of Zirconium Oxide Film, Maizhi Yang, Ping Wei, Di Quarto F., Piazza S., Sunseri C.

Journal of Electrochemistry

A photoelectrochemical investigation has been carried out on zirconium initialoxide film and its oxide film grownanodically at constant rate up to different thickness. Both anodicand cathedic photocurrents on the photocurrent spectrum depended on the potential, but had littlerelation with the forming anedic films or measuring solutions. Photocurrent spectrum and photocurrenttransients suggested that the oxide films on zirconium were duplex layers structure. The internal layerwas ZrO₂ and the external layer ZrO₂·(H₂O)_n. The photocurrent included photogenerated carrier ininternal and external oxide films, as well as internal photoinjection process for electrons from thesubstrate metal into the …

Application Of Inhibitor To Improve The Anticorrosion Performance Of Electrophoretic Coating, Changshou Cai, Fangteng Su, Bihuan Liu, Guomou Wen, Jingdong Guo, Renxin Liu, Weidong Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

To improve the anti-corrosion performance of electrocoating, organic andinorganic inhibitors are applied in an anodic electrophoretic-coating. The results show that the deposition of polymer with zinc phospate exhibits a high inbihition efficiency. The inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor in electrocoating has been studied.

The Effect Of Some Ions On Cr2O72- Anodic Formation Process At Pt And Pbo2 Electrodes, Shixiong Jin, Zhigang Zhou, Lan Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The influence of Ag₂SO₄, Li₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄, K₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄,MgSO₄ and KF on the evolution of O₂ and the formation of Cr₂O at Pt and PbO₂ anodes was investigated in mixed H₂SO₄-Cr₂(SO₂)₃ solutions. The kinetic data related respectively to Cr₂O formation and O₂ evolution at Pt and PbO₂ anodes were measured by method of resolving the steady-state polarization curve. The Tafel slope …

A Investigation Of Hydrogen-Storage Alloy As Catalytic Electrode For Hydrogenation Of Nitrobenzene, Shigang Lu, Hanxi Yang, Changfa Wan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Since hydrogen-storage alloy ean not only absorb hydrogen atoms to form highlyreactive metal hydride as hydrogen source by electrolysis but also possesses a certain catalytic activityfor hydrogenation,it is thus feasible to utilize the allov as a novel electrode for electrolvtichydrogenation in organic electroreduction. This work employed misch metal AB₅ type alloy as acatalytic electrode and studied the electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.

The hydrogen-storage electrode (MH) was a plastic bonded electrode sheet made from a paste of Mm(NiCoMnAl)₅ alloy powder and teflon emulsion. The electrolysis was performed at constantcurrent and controlled potential in a three electrode cell of H-type …

Synthesis Of LiXCoo2 And Its Behaviour In Rechargeable Lithium Battery, Mingfeng Guo, Ruimin Yang, Zebo Zhang, Jincao Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Variations of crystal lattice parameters of Li_xCoO₂ during charge anddischarge have been st ud ied by XRD and AAR spectroscopy. It was found that the Li_xCoO₂ crystalvolume expanded during charge and contracted during discharge. The crystal lattice structure was broken because of the formation of Co₃O₄ when deeply charge.The variation of lattice parameter C₀ value in cycling process was similar to that in charge process.The variation of 006 peak was the mostsensitive in every case. In case of preheating for 20 hours at 700℃ before operating high temperature, the …

Atomic And Molecular-Perspectives In Electrochemical Interfaces, Zhaowu Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The following recent studies on the atomic and molecular-perspectives at electrochemical interfaces using Raman, IR, STM and quantum chemical methed by electrochemistry group in Xiamen University are briefly reviewed. 1.Orientation, charge transfer and bonding of adsorbed molecules. 2. Adsorption effect, electrode potential effect and adatom effect on the electron populations and strength of intramolec ular bonds of the adsorbed molecules. 3. Detailed classification into various types (e. g., competitive, chemically inductive, physical inductive etc.) of coadsorption on electrodes according to the above-mentioned effects.  4. Single crystal face structure effect and adatom effect on the kinetics and the mechanisms of electrocatalytic …

Transient Photocurrent Behavior Of Multiple Quantum Well Gaas/AlXGa(1-X)As Electrode, Liu Yao, Xurui Xiao, Yuan Lin, Yiping Zeng, Dianzhao Sun, Haiqun Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Transient photocurrents induced by short light pulses at lattice-matched multiplequantum well (MQW)GaAs/Al_0.3)Ga_0.7 As electrodes were studied in the 1 ×10^-2 mol·dm^-3 ferrocene([Fc⁰]/[Fc⁺]=9/1)-0.1 mol·dm^-3 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate acetonitrile solutionin order to examine the relaxation photoprocesses and to evaluate kinetic parameters of superlattice electrodes.

GaAs/Al_0.3Ca_0.7 As MQW electrode consisting of 10 periods with each of GaAs well (5.3 nm) and Al_0.3Ga_0.7. As barrier (10 nm) showed two pronounced and well-resolved peak structures located at 1.503 eV and 1.699 eV in the photocurrent spectrum, corresponding to the …