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Articles 25651 - 25680 of 27338
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Media Coverage Of Epa's Draft Dioxin Reassessment Report, Sharon M. Friedman, Megan A. Fitzpatrick, Brenda P. Egolf
Media Coverage Of Epa's Draft Dioxin Reassessment Report, Sharon M. Friedman, Megan A. Fitzpatrick, Brenda P. Egolf
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Using content analysis, the authors examine the utility of news media in democratic decision making.
A Study On The Cathode Protection Potential Against Pitting Corrosion, Chun-Chun Xu, You-Ping Liu, Xiao-Bo Zhang, Xu-Hui Zhao
A Study On The Cathode Protection Potential Against Pitting Corrosion, Chun-Chun Xu, You-Ping Liu, Xiao-Bo Zhang, Xu-Hui Zhao
Journal of Electrochemistry
The methods have been developed to determine the protection potential against pitting corrosion. They are based on the theory that the pitting protection potential (Ep) is actually the transition potential of the direction of current between the occluded cell and the external surface (ET). ET lasts from -220 mV to -440 mV (SCE), the lowest of which can be considered as cathode protection potential. The Ep values determined with cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method is included in the ET with above methods.
The Behaviors Of Capacity Loss Of Limn2O4 Cathodeat Elevated Temperatures, Xiao-Hong Hu, Han-Xi Yang, Xin-Ping Ai, Sheng-Xian Li, Xin-Lin Hong
The Behaviors Of Capacity Loss Of Limn2O4 Cathodeat Elevated Temperatures, Xiao-Hong Hu, Han-Xi Yang, Xin-Ping Ai, Sheng-Xian Li, Xin-Lin Hong
Journal of Electrochemistry
The capacity loss of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode at elevated temperatures was evaluated by constant current charge-discharge methods and it was found that serious capacity loss and cycleability decrease occured at above 50, especially for the charged cells. The mechanisms for this phenomena were examined by atomic emission and infrared spectrometry of the electrolyte, XRD measurment of the cycled elecrode and microelectrode voltammetry of LiMn2O4 at room and elevated temperatures. The results showed that with increasing temperature, Mn and Li ions tended to redistribute partly in the spinel framework due to the disproportion of Mn …
Oxidation And Adsorption Of Deoxyribonucleic Acid At Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite And Glass Carbon Electrode, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Ling-Ling Wu, Jin Luo, Zhong-Hua Lin
Oxidation And Adsorption Of Deoxyribonucleic Acid At Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite And Glass Carbon Electrode, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Ling-Ling Wu, Jin Luo, Zhong-Hua Lin
Journal of Electrochemistry
It is shown that calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) can be adsorbed at highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode and detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM). It is found that controlled potential pre-polarization influences largely the adsorption of dsDNA while it has little influence on ssDNA. It is demonstrated that ECAFM is useful to exploit adsorption of DNA at HOPGE. The pattern of adsorption of DNA at HOPG electrode that fits best with the experimental data is proposed. The results aslo shows that UV/Vis reflection spectroscopy, which has not been used in studying electrochemical …
The Adsorption Stability Of Interface Corrosion Inhibitor, Fu-Xing Gan, Di-Hua Wang, Jin-Yun Zou
The Adsorption Stability Of Interface Corrosion Inhibitor, Fu-Xing Gan, Di-Hua Wang, Jin-Yun Zou
Journal of Electrochemistry
Some new results on the adsorption stability of interface corrosion inhibitor are presented. The concept of adsorption stability and the factors influencing the adsorption stability were discussed. It is shown that the anodic desorption potential can be employed to evaluate the adsorption stability of the inhibitor as an empirical character in some conditions. Electrochemical oscillations phenomena were observed for the first time on a rotating iron electrode in H2SO4 solution containing organic inhibitor in the active potential region. These potentiostatic current oscillations can occur under cathodic polarization, as well as under anodic plarization. The oscillation period, amplitude, …
Electrochemical Behavior Of Riboflavin On Glassy Carbon Electrode, Hong Li, Lin-Cai Jiang, Liang-Nian Ji
Electrochemical Behavior Of Riboflavin On Glassy Carbon Electrode, Hong Li, Lin-Cai Jiang, Liang-Nian Ji
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical behavior of riboflavin(RF) on glassy carbon has been investigated by using potential sweep, rotating ring-disc electrode and the measurement of differential capacitance. It is shown that a single well-behaved oxidation-reduction wave corresponding to a reversible two-electrons reaction apears in medium of pH<6, and the adsorption of RFH2 formed by electro-reduction is weak and hence its solubility is good. In medium of pH>6, there are two separating but overlapping partly oxidation-reduction waves corresponding to two-step one-electron reaction. The adsorptions of RFH and RFH2 produced by reduction reactions in medium of 6
Study On The Microband Array Electrode-Based Glucose Microsensor, Neng-Qin Jia, Chui-Jue Sun, Lin Gao, Zong-Rang Zhang, Jian-Zhong Zhu, Guo-Xiong Zhang
Study On The Microband Array Electrode-Based Glucose Microsensor, Neng-Qin Jia, Chui-Jue Sun, Lin Gao, Zong-Rang Zhang, Jian-Zhong Zhu, Guo-Xiong Zhang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The microband array electrode (MAE) consisting of 11 Pt microband of 5 m in wide, 2000 m long and 85 m gap was fabricated with a thin film techology. The MAE was characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry in a solution of K3Fe(CN)6 and H2O2. The results showed higher current density on MAE than on conventional Pt eletrode due to the strong edge effect of the former. A glucose microsensor was constructed with the substrate electrode of microband array. Microband array electrode was modified by Nafion followed by the immobilization of ferrocene onto …
In Situ Ftir Spectroelectrochemical Study Of Palladium Hexacyanoferrate Thin Film Deposited On Glassy Carbon Electrode, Ai-Li Bo, Xiang-Qin Lin
In Situ Ftir Spectroelectrochemical Study Of Palladium Hexacyanoferrate Thin Film Deposited On Glassy Carbon Electrode, Ai-Li Bo, Xiang-Qin Lin
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemically deposited Palladium hexacyanoferrate thin film on Glassy Carbon electrode (PdHCF|GC) has been studied in HCl, KCl and NaCl solutions by in-situ external reflection FTIR spectroelectrochemical technique. It is found that the behavior of the electroactive PdHCF film can be understood in terms of two states: Pd2Fe(II)(CN)6 formed in the inner layer and (M+)2Fe(II)(CN)6 (M+: electrolyte cation) formed in the outer layer. The inner layer is oxidized at Em=0.87 V in 1 mol/L KCl, while for the outer layer Em=0.77 V(vs. Ag/AgCl). In 1 mol/L NaCl or HCl solutions, …
Influence Of Ptfe And Nafion On The Utilization Efficiency Of Pt/C Catalyst In Pemfc, Xiao-Liang Cheng, Bao-Lian Yi, Jing-Xin Zhang, Ming Han, Ya-Guang Qiao
Influence Of Ptfe And Nafion On The Utilization Efficiency Of Pt/C Catalyst In Pemfc, Xiao-Liang Cheng, Bao-Lian Yi, Jing-Xin Zhang, Ming Han, Ya-Guang Qiao
Journal of Electrochemistry
With cycling voltammetry curve(C-V), TEM and SEM photographs, the influence of PTFE and Nafion on the platinum utilization in catalyst layer of PEMFC was investigated. The results show that in gas diffusion electrode, the blocking effect of PTFE in the platinum utilization is not pronunced. In the thin-film catalyst layer, the electron conduct of the catalyst was blocked by the nafion solid and this caused the decrease of platinum utilization. With the increase of the nafion content in the catalyst layer, both platinum utilization and the electron conductivity decreased in the catalyst layer. Because the molecule size of nafion is …
Preparation And Application Of Gold-Film On The Surface Of Bacterial-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode, Rong-Zong Hu, Yan-Ping Ruan, Hao Xu, Jin-Kun Fu, Wei-De Zhang, Wen-Yun Hu
Preparation And Application Of Gold-Film On The Surface Of Bacterial-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode, Rong-Zong Hu, Yan-Ping Ruan, Hao Xu, Jin-Kun Fu, Wei-De Zhang, Wen-Yun Hu
Journal of Electrochemistry
A novel method for preparation of gold-film composed of ultra-fine gold particles was reported in this paper. The gold-film was prepared by electrochemical method on the surface of the paste electrode modified with the strain Bacillus sp. D01 which has strong ability to absorb and reduce Au3+. In addition, this paper reported an experimental method of determining trace amount of Cu2+ in water solution using cathodic stripping analysis to estimate the performances of the obtained gold-film. The experimental results indicated that this new method for preparation of gold-film is simple. The obtained gold-film electrode is stable and …
The Influence Of Heat On The Measurement Of Photocurrent At The Anodic Film Of Nickel Electrode, Hang Chen, Zhi-Yu Jiang
The Influence Of Heat On The Measurement Of Photocurrent At The Anodic Film Of Nickel Electrode, Hang Chen, Zhi-Yu Jiang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The influence of heat on the measurement of photocurrent for nickel electrode in 1 mol/L NaOH solution was investigated by using the photocurrent, photothermal and thermal current methods. It was found that the appearance of photocurrent in potential region of -0.75~0.20 V (vs. Hg/HgO electrode) was due to the p-type semiconductor properties of Ni(OH)2 film in which is agree with the previous report. In the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH redox potential region, the increase of temperature at the surface of working electrode during irradiation significantly promoted the electrochemical reaction strongly. The photocurrent observed in potential region 0.20~0.57 V is mainly …
Effects Of Nickel Content And Simulated Heat Affected Zone Of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel On Pitting Corrosion, Horng-Yih Liou, Ju-Tung Lee, Wen-Ta Tsai, Rong-Iuan Hsieh, Yeongtsuen Pan
Effects Of Nickel Content And Simulated Heat Affected Zone Of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel On Pitting Corrosion, Horng-Yih Liou, Ju-Tung Lee, Wen-Ta Tsai, Rong-Iuan Hsieh, Yeongtsuen Pan
Journal of Electrochemistry
The effects of nickel content and Gleeble simulated heat affected zone (HAZ) of 2205 stainless steel on pitting corrosion were investigated in this paper. The results showed that nickel content, ranging from 4.5 wt% to 6.5 wt% in base metal, had only a minor effect on the electrochemical polarization curves, with all Enp's and Epp's falling in the rang of 1100~1200 mV. Comparing with the base metal, the simulated HAZ microstructure caused an increase in the anodic current density, a distinct decrease in both Enp and Epp , and a reduction in the passive …
The Influential Factors On The Triboelectrochemical Behaviors Of The Passive Alloys, Dong-Bai Sun, Tao Li, Hong-Ying Yu, De-Jun Yang
The Influential Factors On The Triboelectrochemical Behaviors Of The Passive Alloys, Dong-Bai Sun, Tao Li, Hong-Ying Yu, De-Jun Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The tribocorrosion process of Fe-Cr alloys with different Cr content in H2SO4 solution was investigated. The influence of applied load, friction velocity, Cr content and concentration of H2SO4 in solution on the triboelectrochemical behaviors of the alloys was analyzed. It is shown that applied load and friction velocity have singnificant influence on the tribocurrent density in passive region when friction process occurs on part of the surface of alloy. Increasing the corrosion resistance of alloys or decreasing the aggressive of the solution can reduce the alloy removal velocity.
Investigation Of Solution Chemistry In Crevice Of Carbon Steel And Its Anodic Polarization Behavior, Zhuo Chen, Cui-Wei Du, Bei Cao, Yin-Shun Wu, Hai Yang, Zheng-Rong Zhang
Investigation Of Solution Chemistry In Crevice Of Carbon Steel And Its Anodic Polarization Behavior, Zhuo Chen, Cui-Wei Du, Bei Cao, Yin-Shun Wu, Hai Yang, Zheng-Rong Zhang
Journal of Electrochemistry
A self-made wedge-shaped simulated crevice apparatus was designed to investigate the solution chemistry in crevice of carbon steel and its anodic polarization behavior. For carbon steel with 3.5%(wt) NaCl, the change and the distribution of electrode potential, concentration of Cl- and pH value of solution in the crevice, and the current density of metal in the crevice were measured respectively under various conditions of anodic polarization. The results showed that without polarization the metal about 2 cm away from the opening of the crevice was attacked preferentially because of its lowest free corrosion potential. The anodic polarization promoted the …
Zro2 And Zro2-Y2O3 Coatings Deposited By High Energy Pulse, Wei-Ping Yu, Ye-Dong He, Li-Na Zhang, De-Ren Wang
Zro2 And Zro2-Y2O3 Coatings Deposited By High Energy Pulse, Wei-Ping Yu, Ye-Dong He, Li-Na Zhang, De-Ren Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The basic rule and influence factors on deposition of ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings by high energy pulse were studied. After the oxidizing experiment in air at 1 000 for 100 h, it was shown that the oxidation resistance of 18-8 stainless steel was marketly enhanced by depositing ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings. The oxidation resistance was increased about 20 times and the oxide scale spallation resistance was increased about 100 times.
Study On The Hydrogen Permeation Through Zinc Electrodeposit, Jiang-Li Cao, Ji-Xun Wu, Yan-Ping Lu, Jie Shi
Study On The Hydrogen Permeation Through Zinc Electrodeposit, Jiang-Li Cao, Ji-Xun Wu, Yan-Ping Lu, Jie Shi
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical hydrogen-permeation technique was used to study hydrogen permeation through zinc electrodeposit with bilayer specimens of Fe substrate/zinc electrodeposit. The effect of coating thickness on hydrogen diffusion coefficient and hydrogen steady-state flux was studied. The results showed that hydrogen diffusion coefficient was approximately in the range of 10-11 cm2·s-1 rank and zinc coating could retard hydrogen permeation. Accordingly, hydrogen steady-state flux and effective diffusion coefficient declined while the coating thickness increased.
Effect Of Inhibitor On Electrochemical Behavior Of 1cr18 Stainless Steel In Acidic Solution Under Friction, Jin-Ping Xiong
Effect Of Inhibitor On Electrochemical Behavior Of 1cr18 Stainless Steel In Acidic Solution Under Friction, Jin-Ping Xiong
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical behavior of 1Cr18 stainless steel had been studied using a reciprocating triboelectrochemical equipment under friction in 0.2 mol/L H2SO4 solution with and without addition of thiourea, the frictionized surface of 1Cr18 stainless steel had been examined by the SEM, XPS and IR. The results showed that the loss rate of 1Cr18 stainless steel in the solution could be reduced by addition of thiourea. The adsorption of thiourea on the surface of 1Cr18 stainless steel prohibited the oxidization of Cr3+ to form Cr(Ⅵ) and formation of passive film consisting of CrO42- or/and Cr(Ⅵ), …
Security, Safety, And The Law: The Alpine Cable Accident, Ibpp Editor
Security, Safety, And The Law: The Alpine Cable Accident, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article describes how legal Issues pertaining to fatal aviation accidents with and without significant politico-military implications can contribute to or detract from security and safety phenomena leading to yet other fatal accidents.
Trends. International Trends In Space Policy: An Interview With Eligar Sadeh, Ibpp Editor
Trends. International Trends In Space Policy: An Interview With Eligar Sadeh, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
The article is an interview with Eligar Sadeh, Interim Director, Center for Engineering Infrastructure and Sciences in Space (CIESS), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
Looking Back: Cyclamate, Allan Mazur, Kevin Jacobson
Looking Back: Cyclamate, Allan Mazur, Kevin Jacobson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The second in a series re-evaluating hazards identified in the 1950s and 60s.
Institutional Controls For Contaminated Sites: Help Or Hazard, Mary R. English, Robert B. Inerfeld
Institutional Controls For Contaminated Sites: Help Or Hazard, Mary R. English, Robert B. Inerfeld
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors discuss the different institutional controls available to control long term site remediation of hazardous waste to prevent exposure to residual contamination.
Electrochemical Surface Characterization Of Titanium Alloy(Ti-6al-4v), Jian-Zhong Chen, Qing-Liang Gao, Zhong-Yi Wang, Wen-Jing Xue
Electrochemical Surface Characterization Of Titanium Alloy(Ti-6al-4v), Jian-Zhong Chen, Qing-Liang Gao, Zhong-Yi Wang, Wen-Jing Xue
Journal of Electrochemistry
With its low density and high strength ratio, titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) has become one of the most important materials both in the fields of aerospace and biomedical assays. Recently, titanium alloy was used as the implantation materials in human body because of its biocompatibility. The elecrochemical impedance techniques were then used to investigate the corrosion behavior of this material in hydrochloride and sulfuric acid solutions. A comparison between impedance spectra and anodic polarization over the correlated range of applied voltage confirms that AC impedance data can be used as a powerful tool for surface characterization of titanium …
Electrodeposition Of Neodymium-Iron Group Alloy Films In (P-Ch3C6H4So3)3Nd System, Peng Liu, Ye-Xiang Tong, Qi-Qin Yang, Yan-Sheng Yang
Electrodeposition Of Neodymium-Iron Group Alloy Films In (P-Ch3C6H4So3)3Nd System, Peng Liu, Ye-Xiang Tong, Qi-Qin Yang, Yan-Sheng Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Neodymium p-toluenesulfonate was prepared and applied to the electrodepositon of neodymium-iron group alloy films. This salt has high solubility in DMF and can be dehydrated easily. Cyclic voltammograms of Pt electrode in (p-CH3C6H4SO3) 3Nd + MCl2(M=Fe,Co,Ni) + DMF indicated that the neodymiun-iron group alloys can be elcetrodeposited from this medium, the Nd-Fe, Nd-Co and Nd-Ni films were obtained by electrolysis at constant potential. The Nd-Fe, Nd-Co and Nd-Ni films are amorphous in which the rare earth contents are in the range of 15 at%～60 at% as analyzed by XRD and …
Study Of Localized Corrosion Of Metals By Using The Electrochemical Techniques With Spatial Resolution, Chang-Jian Lin, Xiang-Dong Zhuo, Zu-De Feng, Rong-Gui Du, Zhao-Wu Tian
Study Of Localized Corrosion Of Metals By Using The Electrochemical Techniques With Spatial Resolution, Chang-Jian Lin, Xiang-Dong Zhuo, Zu-De Feng, Rong-Gui Du, Zhao-Wu Tian
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical inhomogeneities at interface of metal/solution play an important and often controlling role in localized corrosion of metals. The traditional electrochemical techniques involving potential, current density or ac impedance measurements over bulk specimens can only provide average and general information of the interface. Thus, the development of in situ imaging techniques is essential for further characterizing electrochemical inhomogeneities at the metal/solution interface of localized corrosion system. The electrochemical techniques with spatial resolution,including scanning single micro electrode, scanning double micro electrodse and scanning micro chemical probes are reviewed. The effects of electrochemical inhomogeneities on the corrosion behavior, and the mechanism …
Effect Of Stress On Electrochemical Behaviour Of Various Thermal History Zones And Different Phase Structures On The Weldment For Low Alloy Steel, Yin-Shun Wu, De-Yu Liu, Bei Cao, Feng-Li Wang, Zhi Fang, Lin Zhang, Zheng-Rong Zhang, Hai Yang
Effect Of Stress On Electrochemical Behaviour Of Various Thermal History Zones And Different Phase Structures On The Weldment For Low Alloy Steel, Yin-Shun Wu, De-Yu Liu, Bei Cao, Feng-Li Wang, Zhi Fang, Lin Zhang, Zheng-Rong Zhang, Hai Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrochemical behaviour of various thermal history zones on the weldment for steel 16Mn and also of the ferrite, pearlite in various zones was measured by use of a self-developed measuring technique for investigating the electrochemicl behaviour of single and mixed phase structures in metal materials. Especially the effect of stress on this electrochemical behaviour was investigated. The results showed that by comparison with non-stress condition, the free corrosion potential of the various thermal history zones and of the ferrite, pearlite under stress condition was shifted in negative direction, correspondingly their free corrosion current density was increased, the free corrosion …