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Articles 24811 - 24840 of 27367

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Tracking Control Of A Ship By Pi-Type Sliding Controller, Ker-Wei Yu, Chen-En Wu Jun 2004

Tracking Control Of A Ship By Pi-Type Sliding Controller, Ker-Wei Yu, Chen-En Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, the tracking control of ship maneuvering by a modified PI-type sliding controller is investigated. This scheme is composed of three components. The first component is the equivalent control, which is designed to assure that the state trajectory of the system remains in the sliding surface and the nominal system is stable in the absence of system uncertainties and disturbance. The second and third components are proportional-type and integral-type variable structure controllers, respectively. Several numerical examples of ship handling, namely course keeping, course changing, and course tracking are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control scheme.

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Stability Analysis On The Initial Surface-Wave Generation With An Air-Sea Coupled Shear Flow, Wu-Ting Tsai, Mei-Ying Lin Jun 2004

Stability Analysis On The Initial Surface-Wave Generation With An Air-Sea Coupled Shear Flow, Wu-Ting Tsai, Mei-Ying Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The temporal instability of a two-dimensional perturbed wave in a coupled air-water shear flow is considered to study the generation and initial growth of wavelets by the air flow. A robust numerical method is developed to solve the coupled Orr-Sommerfeld equations and the interfacial conditions governing the linear viscous instability of the perturbed flow. Calculations of the growth rates and phase speeds of the unstable wavelets compare well with the early theoretical as well as numerical predictions, and also reveal that the discrepancy in the numerical results of Wheless and Csanady (1993) indeed are due to erroneous calculations. Dependence of …

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Analysis Of Dynamic Characteristics For Wide Slider Bearings With An Exponential Film Profile, Jaw-Ren Lin, Chi-Ren Hung Jun 2004

Analysis Of Dynamic Characteristics For Wide Slider Bearings With An Exponential Film Profile, Jaw-Ren Lin, Chi-Ren Hung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Analysis of dynamic characteristics plays an important role in designing hydrodynamic bearings. Based upon the thin-film lubrication theory, the analysis of dynamic characteristics for a wide slider with exponential film profiles is presented when taking into account the bearing squeezing action. By applying a small perturbation technique to the dynamic Reynolds-type equation, both of the steadystate performance and the dynamic characteristics are then evaluated. Comparing with those of slider bearings with an inclined-plane film shape, higher values of the load-carrying capacity, stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient are predicted for the bearing with larger values of the inlet-outlet film ratio. These …

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Bs News Jun 2004

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Studies Of Infrared Optical Properties Of Palladium Nanoparticles With Different Sizes And Dispersed States, Yan-Xia Jiang, Hong-Gang Liao, Wei Chen, Shi-Gang Sun May 2004

Studies Of Infrared Optical Properties Of Palladium Nanoparticles With Different Sizes And Dispersed States, Yan-Xia Jiang, Hong-Gang Liao, Wei Chen, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Pd nanoparticles with different sizes and dispersed states were prepared. Their infrared optical properties were studied with CO molecule probe. The infrared spectroscopic investigation revealed that Pdn of 6.6 nm and Pdn(cube)of 100～150nmexhibit normal IR absorption. The center of IR bands are around 1970 cm-1 and 1910cm-1. Pdnis introduced into the surface of electrode, and is induced by interface electric fieldto form the aggregation of nanoparticles Pdn(ag). The Pdn(ag) has a different IR optical property from Pdn. The direction of IR absorption band of Pdn …

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Preparation And Optical Properties Of Highly Ordered Cds Nanowire Arrays, Lan Sun, Chang-Jian Lin May 2004

Preparation And Optical Properties Of Highly Ordered Cds Nanowire Arrays, Lan Sun, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Highly ordered CdS nanowire arrays have been prepared by using dc electrodeposition in the porous anodic aluminum oxide template. Scanning electro microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that the nanowires are uniform and highly ordered. The measurements of X-ray diffraction and high-resolved electron microscopy (HRTEM) show that the nanowires are hexagonal structure with the crystallographic c-axis preferentially oriented along the length of the pore. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of CdS nanowire arrays show that the absorption edges of the nanowire arrays shift towards short wavelength with the decrease of the nanowire size. The photoluminescence measurements show that the …

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Preparation, Characterization And Photoelectrochemical Activities Of Cu-Tio2/Ito Films, Dong Shu, Chun He, Han-Xia Zhang, Ya Xiong May 2004

Preparation, Characterization And Photoelectrochemical Activities Of Cu-Tio2/Ito Films, Dong Shu, Chun He, Han-Xia Zhang, Ya Xiong

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cu-TiO2/ITO films were prepared by direct photo-reduction deposition of Cu2+ on TiO2/ITO films. The nanocomposite films were characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), XRD spectra, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) technology, and photovoltage measurement. The feasibility of improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film by combining the modification of Cu nanoparticles with the application of anodic bias was investigated. The experimental results showed that the deposited Cu has an apparent enhancement effect with respect to suppressing the recombination between the photogenerated charge carriers and enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. The combination could …

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Investigation Of Adsorption And Oxidation Behavior Of Isosafrole On A Smooth Pt, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Xiao-Jing Su, Qi-Ling Zhong, Lei Zhang, De-Sheng Mei, Bin Ren, Zhong-Qun Tian May 2004

Investigation Of Adsorption And Oxidation Behavior Of Isosafrole On A Smooth Pt, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Xiao-Jing Su, Qi-Ling Zhong, Lei Zhang, De-Sheng Mei, Bin Ren, Zhong-Qun Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electro-oxidation of isosafrole on a smooth platinum electrode was investigated in the non-aqueous solution. The CV curve shows two oxidation peaks and one reduction peak in the potential region between -0.5 V and 1.95 V. The relation between the oxidation and reduction peaks has been determined also by CV. The adsorption behavior of isosafrole on Pt was also investigated.

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Study On Electrochemical Performance Of Electroless Cobalt Coating For Microencapsution Of Hydrogen Storage Alloys, Tong-Chi Xia, Sheng-Li Zhang, Shu-Xin Wang, Kun Huang, Wen-Zeng Tian May 2004

Study On Electrochemical Performance Of Electroless Cobalt Coating For Microencapsution Of Hydrogen Storage Alloys, Tong-Chi Xia, Sheng-Li Zhang, Shu-Xin Wang, Kun Huang, Wen-Zeng Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The chemical cobalt plating method is used to treat on the hydrogen storage alloys. Effect of the surface treatment on the electrochemical performance of MH eletrodes was investigated by carrying out experimental methods of CV, AC and charge/discharge cycle tests. The results showed that after microencapsulation with cobalt, the impedance of electrochemical reaction on the surface and polarization during chare/discharge process was markedly decreased; and the electrocatalytic activity on the surface, discharge capacity, charge efficiency was improved. It was also indicated that the anode reaction of MH electrode treated was controlled by diffusion process.

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Two Kinds Of Polarons Observedin Polyaniline In Aqueous H2So4, Qin Zhou, Lin Zhuang, Jun-Tao Lu May 2004

Two Kinds Of Polarons Observedin Polyaniline In Aqueous H2So4, Qin Zhou, Lin Zhuang, Jun-Tao Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Simultaneous electrochemistry electron spin resonance (ESR) conductance measurements were carried out on electropolymerized polyaniline and ESR spectra were obtained with high signal/noise ratio. Spectral simulation revealed that in the early stage of polymerization, there were two kinds of polarons. According to the potential dependence of the ESR line width and the corresponding conductivitychange of the polymer, the two polarons are thought to be in ordered and disordered domains, respectively. With increasing doping level, the two polarons underwent similar transfer from Curie spin to Pauli spin and both polarons were charge carriers in the conducting polymer. This deduction was further supported …

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Electrochemical Lithium Insertion Of Nanosized Tio2, Ying Lan, Jian-Wen Liu, Xue-Ping Gao, Xing-Di Zhou, Jin-Qiu Qu, Feng Wu, De-Ying Song May 2004

Electrochemical Lithium Insertion Of Nanosized Tio2, Ying Lan, Jian-Wen Liu, Xue-Ping Gao, Xing-Di Zhou, Jin-Qiu Qu, Feng Wu, De-Ying Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

The protonic titanate nanotubes with the diameter of 10～15 nm were synthesized via hydrothermal method in NaOH solution and the calcined nanotubes at 500 ℃ were transferred to anatase nanorods with the diameter of 12～20 nm due to dehydration.The electrochemical behavior of the anatase nanorods as lithium insertion materials was examined. The results showed that the nanorod electrode had the high initial discharge capacity of 232 mAh/g and second reversible capacity of 198 mAh/g. The capacity of nanorod electrode maintained 152mAh/g after 20 cycles.

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Electrocatalytic And Lifetime Studies Of Commercial Catalystsin A Pemfc, Cheng Xuan, Yan-Yun Ma, Li Qi, Cheng Peng, Ling Chen, Jun Zhao, Ying Zhang, Qin-Bai Fan May 2004

Electrocatalytic And Lifetime Studies Of Commercial Catalystsin A Pemfc, Cheng Xuan, Yan-Yun Ma, Li Qi, Cheng Peng, Ling Chen, Jun Zhao, Ying Zhang, Qin-Bai Fan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A particularly designed H-type cell was used to simulate the operating condition of a hydrogen-air proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The electrocatalytic activity, morphology, structure and lifetime of commercially available catalysts, carbon support platinum (Pt/C) and unsupported platinum-ruthenium (Pt-Ru), were preliminary studied by carrying out electrochemical measurements and by SEM, XRD techniques. The catalysts were simultaneously tested in the H-cell under operation, and also separately tested in a conventional electrochemical cell for comparison. It was found that the characteristic peaks of hydrogen adsorption/desorption on cyclic voltammograms shifted considerably to a more positive direction for Pt/C, while a more negative …

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Direct Electron Transfer Of Redox Proteins And Enzymes Promoted By Carbon Nanotube, Chen-Xin Cai, Jing Chen May 2004

Direct Electron Transfer Of Redox Proteins And Enzymes Promoted By Carbon Nanotube, Chen-Xin Cai, Jing Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The redox proteins (enzymes), such as hemoglobin (Hb), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were immobilized on the surface of the carbon nanotube modified with glassy carbon (CNT/GC) electrode, respectively. The experimental results showed that the redox proteins (enzymes) underwent effective and stable direct electron transfer reaction at the surface of CNT/GC electrode with a pair of nearly symmetrical redox peaks in phosphate buffer solution. The formal redox potential, E0' , is almost independent on the scan rates, the average value of E0'  for Hb, HRP and GOx is -0.343±0.001, -0.319±0.002 and -0.456±0.001 V (vs.SCE,pH 6.9), respectively. …

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Exceptional Electrochemical Activities Of Amorphous Fe-B And Co-B Alloy Particles Used As High Capacity Anode Materials, Ya-Dong Wang, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang May 2004

Exceptional Electrochemical Activities Of Amorphous Fe-B And Co-B Alloy Particles Used As High Capacity Anode Materials, Ya-Dong Wang, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ultrafine amorphous alloy particles (UAAP) of Fe-B and Co-B were synthesized and tested for possible use as electroactive anode materials. It is found that unlike their parent elements, the alloy particles of transition metal (TM) and boron, the Fe-B and Co-B showed superior electrochemical activities when used as anodic materials in aqueous alkaline solution. The discharge capacities of Fe-B and Co-B electrodeswere observed to be 1200 mAh/g and 1100 mAh/g at moderately high rate of 100 mAh/g, respectively, much higher than the theoreticalcapacity of currently used zinc metal (820 mAh/g). The exceptional high capacities of the boride alloys were probably …

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Stability And Electrochemical Performance Of Nio Cathode Modified By Zno Additive For Mcfc In Molten Carbonates, Bo Huang, Fei Li, Qing-Chun Yu, Gang Chen, Ke-Ao Hu May 2004

Stability And Electrochemical Performance Of Nio Cathode Modified By Zno Additive For Mcfc In Molten Carbonates, Bo Huang, Fei Li, Qing-Chun Yu, Gang Chen, Ke-Ao Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The ZnO/Ni composite cathode was fabricated by tape-casting method, which microstructures and phases were studied. The electrochemical behaviors of ZnO impregnated NiO cathodes were also evaluated in molten 62 mol%Li2CO3 + 38 mol%K2CO3eutectic at 650 ℃ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a function of ZnO content and immersion time. The ZnO impregnated nickel cathodes showed the similar porosity, pore size and morphology to the reference nickel cathode. The stability tests of ZnO impregnated NiO cathodes showed that the ZnO additive could dramatically reduce the solubility of NiO in a eutectic carbonate mixture …

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Structures And Redox Activities Of Poly(M-Methoxyaniline), Yun-You He, Yi-Ting Xu, Li-Zong Dai, Jean-Yves Gal, Hui-Huang Wu May 2004

Structures And Redox Activities Of Poly(M-Methoxyaniline), Yun-You He, Yi-Ting Xu, Li-Zong Dai, Jean-Yves Gal, Hui-Huang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Poly(m-methoxyaniline), PmMAn, was prepared in the presence of HCl, p-toluene-sulfonic acid and perchloric acid. By using cyclic voltammetry, the effect of different acid dopant on electrochemical activities of PmMAn was studied. The results showed that perchloric acid is the best acid to prepare PmMAn with good electrochemical activities The FTIR spectra indicate that the acid radical anions have embedded into PmMAn molecularchain as counter-ion during synthetic process, and this great influences the redox activities of PmMAn. SEM and XRD measurements illustrate that PmMAn is characterized by its typical molecular crystalline being monoclinic.

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Study On Electrochemical Properties Of Peo-Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes, Hong-Yan Du, Hu Cheng, Yong Yang May 2004

Study On Electrochemical Properties Of Peo-Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes, Hong-Yan Du, Hu Cheng, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Composite polymer electrolytes were prepared by introducing nano-scale SiO2 into PEO8-LiClO4 matrix. The ionic conductivity, lithium transference number and the electrochemical stability windows were measured. The phase component was evaluated with DSC techniques. The results showed that the introduction of nano fillers enhanced the ionic conductivity. It reached 4.3×10-5 S·cm-1 at 22 ℃. The conductivity enhancement of the composite polymer electrolytes is analyzed and proposed.

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Study On Reduction Process Of Electrolyic Manganese Dioxide In Situ By Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Li-Cai Zhu, Zhong-Zhi Yuan, Wei-Shan Li May 2004

Study On Reduction Process Of Electrolyic Manganese Dioxide In Situ By Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Li-Cai Zhu, Zhong-Zhi Yuan, Wei-Shan Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The concentrationsof soluble Mn(Ⅲ) species, during the reduction ofelectrolytic MnO2 (EMD) in alkaline solution,have been monitored in situ by UV-visible spectroscopy. The concentration of Mn(Ⅲ) ion in solution changes with discharge time. The first electron discharge process of EMD can be described by three different steps: 1) the reduction of Mn4+ ions on the surface of EMD particles and the structural defect regions within the EMD, 2) the reduction of Mn4+ ions in ramsdellite, 3)the reduction of Mn4+ ions in pyrolusite. During the second electron discharge of EMD, the soluble Mn(Ⅲ) is reduced to Mn(Ⅱ) , …

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The Matching Study Of Electrodes In C/Ni(Oh)2 Hybrid Capacitor, Yue-Feng Su, Feng Wu May 2004

The Matching Study Of Electrodes In C/Ni(Oh)2 Hybrid Capacitor, Yue-Feng Su, Feng Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The energy storage mechanisms of electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and C/Ni(OH)2 hybrid capacitor had been studied. The results proved that,the difference between the capacity of EDLC and C/Ni(OH)2 hybrid capacitor was detemined by the effectiveness usage of the activated carbon negative electrode, which is a criterion to estimate or design the theoretic capacity of the C/Ni(OH)2 hybrid capacitor. The electrochemical availability of activated matter in Ni(OH)2 electrode was introduced, and the quantity of the activated matter in Ni(OH)2 electrode should be compatible with the capacity of carbon electrode. When the capacities of Ni(OH)2 electrode …

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Electrodeposition Of Copper Into Trenches Under Rotating Hydrodynamic Condition, Jian-Jun Sun, Bu-Gao Xie, Wen-Hui Yin, Guo-Nan Chen May 2004

Electrodeposition Of Copper Into Trenches Under Rotating Hydrodynamic Condition, Jian-Jun Sun, Bu-Gao Xie, Wen-Hui Yin, Guo-Nan Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Silicon chips patterned with treneches were fixed onto a rotating electrode. Copper was electrodeposited into the trenches under rotating hydrodynamic conditions The sizes of the trenches are 1 m in height and 0.35 m, 0.50 m and 0.70 m in width, respectively. The effects of rotating of the chip, the current density and the concentration of Cu2+ on the filling of thetrenches were studied. It is found that lower current density and moderate concentration of Cu2+ resulted in a void free filling of the trenches.

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Study Of Anti-Corrosion Property On Poly(An-Co-Oas)/Epoxy, Qing-Wu Wang, Geng-Chao Wang May 2004

Study Of Anti-Corrosion Property On Poly(An-Co-Oas)/Epoxy, Qing-Wu Wang, Geng-Chao Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Polyaniline, polyanisidine and their copolymer poly(An-co-oAs) were synthesized via the solution chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and anisidine in an acidic aqueous medium, and their properties and structure were characterized. The electrochemical method were applied to evaluate the corrosion behavior of tined iron uncoated or coated by polyaniline, poly(An-o-oAs), polyanisidine and poly(An-co-oAs)/epoxy blend in acid or saline aqueous solution. The result showed that with the increase of anisidine content, the solubility of polymers is improved apparently but their oxidation extent decreases accordingly. It is also founded that polyaniline, poly(An-co-oAs) and polyanisidine all have good anti-corrosion properties, and their anti-corrosion capacity …

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Bs News May 2004

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Hazards Identification Model For Rail Rapid Transit Accidents, Lung-Chuang Wang Apr 2004

Hazards Identification Model For Rail Rapid Transit Accidents, Lung-Chuang Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In comparison with the other transportation modes, rail rapid transit already enjoys a higher degree of safety as it is designed with the exclusive right of way and the automatic train control and monitoring systems. Nevertheless, rail rapid transit systems are not free from serious accidents, which often led to human injuries and facility damages. The planning of accident prevention and emergency measures, therefore, are still important issues of the rail rapid transit operations. The model presented in this study analyses the process of hazard identification in two stages, which clearly indicate the factors of the inherent and direct hazard …

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Coupled Problem Of Thermoelasticity For Multilayered Spheres With Time-Dependent Boundary Conditions, Zong-Yi Lee Apr 2004

Coupled Problem Of Thermoelasticity For Multilayered Spheres With Time-Dependent Boundary Conditions, Zong-Yi Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper deals with quasi-static coupled thermoelastic problems for multilayered spheres. Using the Laplace transform with respect to time, the general solutions of the governing equations are obtained in transform domain. The solution is obtained by using the matrix similarity transformation and inverse Laplace transform. We obtain solutions for the temperature and thermal deformation distributions for a transient state. It is demonstrated that the computational procedures established in this paper are capable of solving the generalized thermoelasticity problem of multilayered spheres.

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Optimal Pitch, Speed And Fuel Control At Sea, Thomas Hellström Apr 2004

Optimal Pitch, Speed And Fuel Control At Sea, Thomas Hellström

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper discusses algorithms for fuel saving control for large vessels. The fuel saving is achieved by optimizing control at three levels: low level propeller and main engine control, dynamic speed control to avoid peeks in the fuel consumption and finally route planning for optimal speed profiles compensated for varying depth and weather conditions. The control problems involve classical control functions as well as numerical optimization.

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Numerical Optimization Of Sound Absorption Systems With Constrained Single-Layer Absorber, Ying-Chun Chang, Long-Jyi Yeh, Min-Chie Chiu, Gaung-Jer Lai Apr 2004

Numerical Optimization Of Sound Absorption Systems With Constrained Single-Layer Absorber, Ying-Chun Chang, Long-Jyi Yeh, Min-Chie Chiu, Gaung-Jer Lai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The thickness and the attached area of the sound absorber are confined in the practical engineering design while the sound absorber is applied inside the machine room to eliminate the reverberant sound energy. The optimization of the shape of the absorber and the quantification of the exact area of the absorber (in order to meet the required value of sound pressure level (SPL) at the concerned receiving point) becomes essential. For purposes stated above, two powerful gradient techniques with a logical control algorithm are applied during the optimization of the sound absorption system. Both the optimization of shape and the …

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Effects Of Viscous Shear Stresses On The Squeeze Films Of Porous Parallel Rectangular Plates, Jaw-Ren Lin, Long-Jin Liang, Rong-Fang Lu Apr 2004

Effects Of Viscous Shear Stresses On The Squeeze Films Of Porous Parallel Rectangular Plates, Jaw-Ren Lin, Long-Jin Liang, Rong-Fang Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Considering the effects of viscous shear stresses, a study of squeeze-film behavior between porous parallel plates with finite width is presented. Based upon the Brinkman model (BM), two general coupled Reynolds equations derived for curved surfaces [20] are applied to predict the two-dimensional squeeze-film pressure and thereafter the squeeze-film characteristics. The results show that the BM predicts quite different squeeze-film behaviors to those obtained by using the slip-flow model (SFM) and the Darcy model (DM). Comparing with the SFM, the viscous shear effects provide an increase in the load-carrying capacity and lengthen the response time of finite porous squeeze-film plates. …

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The Effects Of Couple Stresses In The Squeeze Film Characteristics Between A Cylinder And A Plane Surface, Jaw-Ren Lin, Won-Hsion Liao, Chi-Ren Hung Apr 2004

The Effects Of Couple Stresses In The Squeeze Film Characteristics Between A Cylinder And A Plane Surface, Jaw-Ren Lin, Won-Hsion Liao, Chi-Ren Hung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

On the basis of the Stokes micro-continuum theory, the effects of couple stresses resulting from the lubricant blended with various additives upon the squeeze film behavior between a long cylinder and a plane surface are analyzed. Compared to the conventional Newtonianlubricant case, the couple stress effects characterized by the couple stress parameter signify an improvement in the squeeze film characteristics. Increasing values of the couple stress parameter increases the hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity and provides a longer time to prevent cylinder-plane surface contact. The approaching time of the cylinder in reducing the film thickness h m * = 1 to h …

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Discontinuous Conduction Mode Of Negative Output Elementary Circuit, Jung-Chien Li, Han-Yang Chen Apr 2004

Discontinuous Conduction Mode Of Negative Output Elementary Circuit, Jung-Chien Li, Han-Yang Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The negative output elementary circuit operated in the discontinuous conduction mode is discussed. The voltage transfer gain of this dc-to-dc converter depends on switching frequency, conduction duty ratio, inductance, and load resistance. The condition for the discontinuous conduction mode is derived and verified. The variation ratio of the output voltage is also derived.

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Response To Comments On "A Novel Approach To Determine The Astronomical Vessel Position", Jiang-Ren Chang, Chih-Li Chen, Tien-Pen Hsu Apr 2004

Response To Comments On "A Novel Approach To Determine The Astronomical Vessel Position", Jiang-Ren Chang, Chih-Li Chen, Tien-Pen Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

No abstract provided.

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