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Articles 22411 - 22440 of 27413

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

An Evaluation Of Whether Artificial Refuge Traps Or Baited Traps Are The Most Effective Method For Trapping White-Clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius Pallipes), Kathryn Walter Dec 2012

An Evaluation Of Whether Artificial Refuge Traps Or Baited Traps Are The Most Effective Method For Trapping White-Clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius Pallipes), Kathryn Walter

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Britain’s only native crayfish species, the white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes are threaten through rapid population declines caused by non-indigenous species, habitat degradation and pollution. This study focuses one of the last remaining small A. pallipes population in the Creedy Yeo River, Devon. This study aims to decipher whether the use of artificial refuge traps (ARTs) or baited traps are the most effective method of catching this species, to aid translocation efforts to conserve the remaining population under threat from the American signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. The capture rate of each type of trap was studied at four sites along the …

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Location, Demographic, Lifestyle And Behavioural Influences On Household Participation In Bournemouth Borough Council's Kerbside Recycling Scheme, Stephanie Rooke Dec 2012

Location, Demographic, Lifestyle And Behavioural Influences On Household Participation In Bournemouth Borough Council's Kerbside Recycling Scheme, Stephanie Rooke

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Bournemouth Borough Council (BBC) is performing well in recycling and currently has a recycling rate of 63.9%, but there is still room for BBC to improve the efficiency of the existing ‘Big Bin’ dry kerbside recycling collection scheme and increase the recycling rate further. The aim of the study was to identify the socio-economic groups which participate the least, or contaminate the most, in BBC’s kerbside recycling scheme. A participation survey was carried out over three consecutive collection cycles for three recycling rounds ‘RW1, RW2 and RW5’ to measure how many times each individual household set out their recycling bin …

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The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman Dec 2012

The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The African leopard Panthera pardus pardus is an apex predator, and a reliable indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Currently assessed as ‗near threatened‘ by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, leopards are exposed to a range of threats that include: habitat loss and/or degradation, depletion of natural prey, conflict with people, consumptive- and non-consumptive practices, and the illegal trade of leopard products. Leopards have disappeared from 37% of their historical range, and are continuing to decline. Leopards have been extirpated across many areas of Africa, especially where people are densely populated, which has left patchily distributed leopard populations throughout …

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Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Erosion Along The Holderness Coastline, North East Yorkshire, Uk, Verity Macfarlane Dec 2012

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Erosion Along The Holderness Coastline, North East Yorkshire, Uk, Verity Macfarlane

The Plymouth Student Scientist

There is an increasing problem of erosion in coastal environments, particularly in soft material cliffs which need to be protected; migration to these environments is increasing, up to 75% more of the total population is predicted to live in close proximity to the coast by 2020. The Holderness coast (located in North East Yorkshire, UK) is the fastest eroding coastline in Europe. It comprises of soft clay, glacial till deposits from the Devensian period (18-13Ka). Previous studies have calculated that many parameters such as till properties, cliff geomorphology, cliff topography, strength and reaction to varied water contents are varied throughout …

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Biologging Science: Advances In Our Knowledge Of Seabirds And Their Behaviours, David Evans Dec 2012

Biologging Science: Advances In Our Knowledge Of Seabirds And Their Behaviours, David Evans

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The use of miniature tags attached to free-living animals to record data is termed ‘biologging’. This procedure has been used to study seabirds since the 1970’s and our knowledge of their behaviour, physiology and migration has advanced through the decades, along with the potential for conservation of species. Technological advances in recent years have improved data resolution and storage, enabling a better understanding of seabirds and their environment

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The Ecology Of Tardigrades, Emma Northcote-Smith Dec 2012

The Ecology Of Tardigrades, Emma Northcote-Smith

The Plymouth Student Scientist

No abstract provided for this article.

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The Effects Of Logging And Fragmentation On Bird Diversity, Bethany Mccarthy Dec 2012

The Effects Of Logging And Fragmentation On Bird Diversity, Bethany Mccarthy

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Deforestation and forest degradation is occurring globally at an alarming rate. The annual net loss of forest cover has been reduced in the past decade through sustainable forest management and conservation measures. Despite this, the remaining forest is becoming increasingly degraded with the total area of primary forest declining. Avian diversity has been shown to decline in degraded and fragmented forests due to logging activities. In this review the impacts of logging on avian communities are assessed by comparing diversity between primary forest and degraded secondary forest, industrial plantations and forest fragment sizes. The major organisations and current initiatives that …

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Work Placements As Research-Based Learning - A Student And Employer Perspective, Stephanie Rooke, Georgina Lamb Dec 2012

Work Placements As Research-Based Learning - A Student And Employer Perspective, Stephanie Rooke, Georgina Lamb

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Guest editorial

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The Use Of Errorless Learning In The Rehabilitation Of Action Disorganisation Syndrome: A Case Study, Blaize Dymond Dec 2012

The Use Of Errorless Learning In The Rehabilitation Of Action Disorganisation Syndrome: A Case Study, Blaize Dymond

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This case study investigates the use of errorless learning in the rehabilitation of action disorganisation syndrome (ADS). Case DL suffered 2 traumatic brain injuries to the frontal lobes (2002 and 2010) and presents with a clear case of ADS. DL displays high levels of disorganisation when engaging in sequential tasks. Errorless learning was used in an attempt to rehabilitate abilities in two everyday routine sequential actions; making a cup of tea and making toast with butter and jam. Errorless learning involves the deliberate prevention of errors using both verbal and physical prompts. The intervention resulted in a significant decline in …

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The Positive Effects Of Aquarium Visits On Children's Behaviour: A Behavioural Observation, Hazel Cocker Dec 2012

The Positive Effects Of Aquarium Visits On Children's Behaviour: A Behavioural Observation, Hazel Cocker

The Plymouth Student Scientist

To date research has found a positive effect of blue spaces on adults’ wellbeing. However, it remains to be seen whether these findings are also true for children. The present study aims to address this gap in the literature. The researchers observed children’s behaviour at the National Marine Aquarium across two weeks, including one where the Big Draw event was taking place. In line with restorative theories of natural environments (Kaplan, 1995, Ulrich, 1983), the current research found the exhibit had a calming effect on behaviour and increased levels of happiness across both weeks. During the Big Draw week children …

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Mood Affective Outcomes From Alternate Learning Strategies: Cognitive Flexibility And Dyslexic Education, Dylan Williams Dec 2012

Mood Affective Outcomes From Alternate Learning Strategies: Cognitive Flexibility And Dyslexic Education, Dylan Williams

The Plymouth Student Scientist

It is theorized that persons with dyslexia and associated conditions may be vulnerable to negative wellbeing, alongside academic deficiency, which has been focused on more widely. This study aims to investigate this theory in teenagers, and to draw relationships with teaching methods. Participants were interviewed, and completed the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect) scale for children, the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for Youngsters, and the Educational Environment Survey (an assessment of perceptions on education and ability). Participants with dyslexia and associated conditions showed reduced wellbeing compared to controls, and identified distinct experiential differences of education. This study was successful …

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Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson Dec 2012

Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Offenders differ from non-offenders in their propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The ratio of the index and ring fingers (2D:4D), a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure, has been linked to risk-taking behaviour. The present study compared risk-taking in 45 male offenders and 66 non-offenders using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Furthermore, it sought to determine the relationship between their 2D:4D ratios and risk-taking behaviours. No significant differences were found between the two groups in their risk-taking behaviour and no significant correlations were found between 2D:4D and risk-taking in either group. These findings are discussed in relation to previous …

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How Will Ocean Acidification Affect Marine Photosynthetic Organisms? A Review, Michael Jarrold Dec 2012

How Will Ocean Acidification Affect Marine Photosynthetic Organisms? A Review, Michael Jarrold

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is increasing year on year, mainly as a result of burning fossil fuels. Although carbon dioxide dissolves in the oceans, mitigating atmospheric effects, it does result in a reduction of the alkalinity of sea water; an effect termed Ocean Acidification (OA). The subsequent changes in carbon chemistry will most likely affect marine photosynthetic organisms in a number of ways; including the ability of organisms to build calcium carbonate shells or skeletons (calcification) and primary production. Previous work indicates that both processes respond to OA, but not always in the same way. Consequently the aim of this review …

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Investigating Placebo Mechanisms: Could A Pdp System Exist?, Francesca Payne Dec 2012

Investigating Placebo Mechanisms: Could A Pdp System Exist?, Francesca Payne

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Placebo mechanisms are a neglected area of research. Kirsch’s (1985) response expectancy theory described the stimulus-placebo response process as direct and unmediated. However, Hyland (2011) argued that the placebo effect is mediated by a parallel distributed processing (PDP) system, whereby all cognitive input is processed simultaneously, resulting in perseveration of the placebo effect. The present study examined this theory by utilising a TENS device as a placebo ‘effecting’ reaction times to a computer task, with an additional cognitive load task to further test the PDP system’s existence. Although a general placebo effect was found that increased in the cognitive load …

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Study Of Effect Of Temperature On The Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes By Floating Catalyst Method, R. Rajarao, B.R. Bhat Dec 2012

Study Of Effect Of Temperature On The Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes By Floating Catalyst Method, R. Rajarao, B.R. Bhat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by floating catalyst method using acetylene as carbon precursor and ferrocene as catalyst precursor. The CNTs were grown in the temperature range of 700 - 1150C. The prepared CNTs were purified by acid treatment and air oxidation methods. The purified CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The purity of CNTs was determined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction method. The yield, diameter and length of grown CNTs were same at all temperatures. The crystalline perfection of CNTs increases as the temperature increases. Our results indicated that the synthesis …

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The Effect Of Granule Morphology And Composition On The Compaction Behavior And Mechanical Properties Of 92% Alumina Spray Dried Granules, K. Somton, K. Dateraksa, D. Atong, R. Mccuiston Dec 2012

The Effect Of Granule Morphology And Composition On The Compaction Behavior And Mechanical Properties Of 92% Alumina Spray Dried Granules, K. Somton, K. Dateraksa, D. Atong, R. Mccuiston

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The compaction behavior and flexural strength of green compacts produced from four different types of 92% alumina spray dried granules were studied. Three of the granule types were produced in-house while the fourth is commercially-available. In addition, the decomposition behavior of the granules was studied by TGA in order to help explain the observed results. The morphology of the granules was observed using microscopy. Examination of the three granules produced in-house showed that they have several undesirable features; agglomeration, hollow granules and non-spherical granules. The morphology of the commercial granules showed them to be unagglomerated and spherical. The in-house granules …

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Thermal Degradation Of Pet Fabrics Coated With Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Silica Fume Mixtures, B. Kusuktham, S. Harburud, K. Srikulkit Dec 2012

Thermal Degradation Of Pet Fabrics Coated With Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Silica Fume Mixtures, B. Kusuktham, S. Harburud, K. Srikulkit

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Thermal degradation of polyester fabrics coated with interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) and silica fume (SF) was studied. Silica fume was modified with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) in order to improve its hydrophobicity and dispersibility in polymer matrix. Interpenetrating polymer network was prepared by sodium alginate (SA) mixed with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Sodium alginate, HEMA, K2S2O8, N,N/ -methylenebisacrylamide, N,N,N/ ,N/ -tetramethylethylenediamine, and modified SF were mixed in aqueous solution with nonionic surfactant. In this condition, modified SF showed high dispersion ability in SA/HEMA solution. Additional, the application of 0.3 M CaCl2 onto PET surface and dried at temperature of 80o C for 1 …

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Heterojunction For Cds Thin Films And Cualo2 Ceramic Pill Substrate, T. Gaewdang, N. Wongcharoen, A. Nopparuchikun, T. Wongcharoen, C. Poo-Rakkiat Dec 2012

Fabrication And Characterization Of Heterojunction For Cds Thin Films And Cualo2 Ceramic Pill Substrate, T. Gaewdang, N. Wongcharoen, A. Nopparuchikun, T. Wongcharoen, C. Poo-Rakkiat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this research paper, CdS thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation in vacuum on CuAlO2 ceramic pill substrate. From the data of I-V measurements at low temperature (20-300 K) the junction barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance values can be evaluated by using thermionic emission (TE) theory and Cheung's method. The junction barrier height and ideality factor were found to be strong temperature dependence. Evaluation of forward I-V data reveals a decrease in the zero-bias barrier height, but an increase in the ideality factor with decrease in temperature. In part of C-V measurements at room temperature, the obtained …

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Electrochemically Enhanced Plasticity Of Steels, Y.B. Unigovski, E.M. Gutman, Z. Koren, B. Borohov Dec 2012

Electrochemically Enhanced Plasticity Of Steels, Y.B. Unigovski, E.M. Gutman, Z. Koren, B. Borohov

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

It is known that electrochemical surface treatment can decrease the residual stresses and the hardness of the surface layer as a result of the chemomechanical effect (CME), and also to improve the ability to plastic deformation, e.g., deep drawing for high strength alloys. The present research is aimed at using CME in order to improve such technological processes as rolling, deep drawing and other processes requiring an increase in the ductility of the metal surface layer using the hardness test assisted by electrochemical polarization. The hardness measurements were carried out using a microhardness tester equipped with a special three-electrode electrochemical …

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Is Tech M&A Value-Additive?, Ani Deshmukh Nov 2012

Is Tech M&A Value-Additive?, Ani Deshmukh

Undergraduate Economic Review

Given rising M&A deal volume across all high-tech subsectors, the ability to measure post-acquisition performance becomes critical. Despite this growth, the relevant academic literature is severely lacking (Kohers and Kohers 2000). Using an event-study approach, I find that acquirers and targets both realize statistically significant day-0 abnormal returns (1.23% [p<0.1] and 8.1% [p<0.01], respectively). As positive stock returns signal positive growth prospects in a semi-strong efficient market, AR regressions found that firms' technological relatedness, deal financing, purchase price premiums, and the relative book to market ratio, explained most variance. Overall, high-tech transactions are value-additive for both targets and acquirers.

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Physico-Chemical, And Sensory Properties Of Soy Based Gouda Cheese Analog Made From Different Concentration Of Fat, Sodium Citrate And Various Cheese Starter Cultures, Abu Amar, Ingrid Suryanti Surono Nov 2012

Physico-Chemical, And Sensory Properties Of Soy Based Gouda Cheese Analog Made From Different Concentration Of Fat, Sodium Citrate And Various Cheese Starter Cultures, Abu Amar, Ingrid Suryanti Surono

Makara Journal of Technology

Gouda cheese analog (GCA) was made using soy protein isolate (SPI), skim milk powder (SMP), fat (palm fat and butter fat), and water (W) at optimal ratio of SPI : SMP : F : W = 14 : 6 : 20 : 60. The effects of butter fat, sodium citrate, and cheese starter culture on the sensory properties of ripened product were assessed by preference test, hedonic test, and the texture profile analysis (TPA) of GCA. The free fatty acids, water-soluble nitrogen, and reduction in pH value of progel were also measured. The use of 100% butter fat (BF) produced …

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Effects Of Deposition Parameters And Oxygen Addition On Properties Of Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Films, Badrul Munir, Rachmat Adhi Wibowo, Kim Kyoo Ho Nov 2012

Effects Of Deposition Parameters And Oxygen Addition On Properties Of Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide Films, Badrul Munir, Rachmat Adhi Wibowo, Kim Kyoo Ho

Makara Journal of Technology

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were sputtered on corning glass substrate. Oxygen admixture and sputtering deposition parameters were optimized to obtain the highest transparency as well as lowest resistivity. Structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were then examined. Increasing deposition rate and film thickness changed the crystallographic orientation from (222) to (400) and (440), as well as higher surface roughness. It was necessary to apply substrate heating during reposition to get films with better crystallinity. The lowest resistivity of 5.36 x 10-4 Ω•cm was obtained at 750 nm film thickness. The films’ resistivity was increased by addition of …

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The Effect Of Rubber Mixing Process On The Curing Characteristics Of Natural Rubber, Abu Hasan, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Hary Sulistyo, Suharto Honggokusumo Nov 2012

The Effect Of Rubber Mixing Process On The Curing Characteristics Of Natural Rubber, Abu Hasan, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Hary Sulistyo, Suharto Honggokusumo

Makara Journal of Technology

This research is aimed at studying the relationship between rubber mixing processes and curing characteristics of natural rubber. The curing characteristic analysis was carried out through a natural rubber formula having been masticated and mixed, followed by curing. As many as four mastication methods were finely applied; each respected four sequences of rubber mixing process. In the first method, rubber was masticated for 5 minutes and then rubber chemicals and carbon black N 330 were simultaneously added. In the second and the third methods, rubber was masticated for 1 minute and then carbon blacks and rubber chemicals were also simultaneously …

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Observation Of Center Disaster Damage On Pariaman And Wasior Using Differential Sar Interferometry (Dinsar), Dodi Sudiana, Mia Rizkinia Nov 2012

Observation Of Center Disaster Damage On Pariaman And Wasior Using Differential Sar Interferometry (Dinsar), Dodi Sudiana, Mia Rizkinia

Makara Journal of Technology

This study focuses on disaster observations in Pariaman (West Sumatera) and Wasior (Papua) using remote sensing techniques (differential SAR interferometry). Differential interferometry (DInSAR) method was performed on two PALSAR data sets with different acquisition months, i.e. about a month after and before disaster, respectively. The center damage of Pariaman earthquake and Wasior flood can be determined by deriving Land Subsidence using DInSAR method.

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Coastal Physical Vulnerability Of Surabaya And Its Surrounding Area To Sea Level Rise, Sayidah Sulma, Eko Kusratmoko, Ratna Saraswati Nov 2012

Coastal Physical Vulnerability Of Surabaya And Its Surrounding Area To Sea Level Rise, Sayidah Sulma, Eko Kusratmoko, Ratna Saraswati

Makara Journal of Technology

The study for coastal vulnerability to sea level rise was carried out in Surabaya and its surrounding area, it has focused on calculations of the physical vulnerability index were used coastal vulnerability index (CVI) methods. It was standardized by the multi criteria analysis (MCA) approach according to the study area. The score of each physical variable derived from remote sensing satellite data and the results of studies that have been done, such as modeling results and thematic maps, and then integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). Result of this study shows that the coastal areas of Gresik, Surabaya, and Sidoarjo …

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The Effect Of Size And Crumb Rubber Composition As A Filler With Compatibilizer Pp-G-Ma In Polypropylene Blends And Sir-20 Compound On Mechanical And Thermal Properties, Erna Frida Nov 2012

The Effect Of Size And Crumb Rubber Composition As A Filler With Compatibilizer Pp-G-Ma In Polypropylene Blends And Sir-20 Compound On Mechanical And Thermal Properties, Erna Frida

Makara Journal of Technology

Having been researched the development of thermoplastic elastomer material of polypropylene and natural rubber SIR- 20 compound with Crumb Rubber as the filler. Reinforced polypropylene with size 60 mesh with 1 mm, and the composition of the Crumb rubber (30, 40, and 50) wt%. Observed mechanical properties are tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young's modulus, tear strength and impact strength. Thermal properties are analyzed by DSC and DTA/TGA. It is acquired that for the size of 60 mesh crumb rubber tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young’s modulus, tear strength and impact strength are bigger than 1mm size. The addition of 60 mesh …

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Development Of Local-Economic-Development Small And Medium Industries (Led-Sme) In East Java, Rachmad Hidayat, Sabarudin Akhmad Nov 2012

Development Of Local-Economic-Development Small And Medium Industries (Led-Sme) In East Java, Rachmad Hidayat, Sabarudin Akhmad

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper presents the effects of Indonesian government’s developmental efforts of assistance and training performed on the growth of LED-SME business units and business performance. Both parameters of the government’s assistance and training were used to analyze the impact to the growth and performance of business unit. To achieve a comprehensive result, samples acquired in this research were about 190 entrepreneurs and managers of LED-SME from East Java. Based on the parameters above, there are five hypotheses made to prove the relationship of the assistance and training to the growth and performance of business units. The structural equation modeling (SEM) …

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Cdm Potential In Palm Solid Waste Cogeneration As An Alternative Energy In Aceh Province, Mahidin Mahidin, Izarul Machdar, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Nizar Nov 2012

Cdm Potential In Palm Solid Waste Cogeneration As An Alternative Energy In Aceh Province, Mahidin Mahidin, Izarul Machdar, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Nizar

Makara Journal of Technology

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a solid waste in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry does not utilized yet as an alternative energy source to generate electricity. It is well known that use of solid wate (biomass) as an energy source is part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scheme due to direct reduction of Green House Gases (GHGs) emission and provide a direct contribution to sustainable development. Utilization of EFB as a source of energy is very potential to be implemented in Aceh since this province has 25 CPO Mills at the moment which actively produce about 870,000 ton EFB …

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Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof And Photovoltaic Roof In Malang, Indonesia, Nurhamdoko Bonifacius, Sri Nastiti Nugrahani Ekasiwi Nov 2012

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof And Photovoltaic Roof In Malang, Indonesia, Nurhamdoko Bonifacius, Sri Nastiti Nugrahani Ekasiwi

Makara Journal of Technology

Irradiation on the surface of photovoltaic module heats up the photovoltaic module itself and the room underneath the roof of integrated photovoltaic building in the tropics area. Room heating reduces thermal condition and photovoltaic module surface heating reduces its performance in generating electricity. This paper discusses an experiment of measuring the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules and fiber-cement roof surface as a comparison. This experiment also measures the impact of rising temperatures in each space underneath. It used small-scale mock-ups exposed to direct sunlight. The result of the experiment shows that photovoltaic roof surface temperature is lower than fiber-cement roof …

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Improved Optical Probe For Measuring Phytoplankton Suspension Concentrations Based On Optical Fluoresensce And Absorption, Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih, Nining Betawati Prihantini Nov 2012

Improved Optical Probe For Measuring Phytoplankton Suspension Concentrations Based On Optical Fluoresensce And Absorption, Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih, Nining Betawati Prihantini

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper discusses the results of improved optical probe that works according to optical fluorescence and absorption phenomena for measuring the phytoplankton suspension concentrations. Measurements are made on the Scenedesmus sp. culture. The laboratory test has shown that range of concentration from 104 up to around 1 x 106 cells/mL; fluorescence intensity at λ = 685 nm; and logarithmic of transmission intensity at λ = 405 nm are proportional to the cell concentration linear with proportional constant γ = 4 × 10-5 and β = –2 × 10-7 mL/cell respectively.

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