Engineering Commons^™

Towards Sustainable Mining: Ghg Considerate Open Pit Long-Term Planning Using Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Algorithm, Bahar Amirmoeini, Martin Grenon, Ali Moradi Afrapoli

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Mine planning involves the systematic design and coordination of mineral extraction from the earth’s crust, integrating exploration, production, and various engineering considerations. With increasing emphasis on environmental responsibility, the mining industry is under pressure to incorporate environmental considerations into mine planning. This paper addresses the precedence-constrained production scheduling problem (PCPSP) within the context of green long-term mining planning, aiming to optimize extraction processes while restricting carbon emission. Given the NP-hard nature of the PCPSP, this study introduces an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm tailored specifically for long-term mine planning. A range of computational experiments have been carried out, including …

Economic Viability And Environmental Sustainability: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Green Technologies In Mineral Extraction, Tshinkobo Bukasa Orphea, Agyingi Babaca Agyingib, Xiangrui Meng

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This research offers a novel approach to comparing green technologies’ economic profitability and environmental sustainability of their mineral extraction based upon econometric and life cycle assessment methodologies. Quantitative results show attractive results with an NPV of $2,014,001 and an IRR of 17%. In the third year, the project nets at $300,000, or 63%, at a 7% discount rate. However, soil protection remains challenging, but pollution coefficients are improved, as evidenced by environmental impact assessments (EIAs). The findings in the study further underscore how regulatory frameworks and market drivers dictate the use of green technology. The economic, environmental and regulatory costs …

A Case Study Comparing The Results Of A Copper Open-Pit Mine Scheduling Considering Two Different Approaches For Spatial Interpolation Of Comminution Geometallurgical Variables, Sílvia Martins, Pedro Campos, Douglas Mazzinghy

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The use of geometallurgical variables to improve the accuracy obtained in mine planning is an increasingly present reality in mining. However, the way these variables are interpolated to construct the block model is still a major challenge since they are non-additive variables. In this case study, a database from a copper mine located in Brazil was used to compare mining planning by Direct Block Scheduling using two spatial interpolation approaches. In the first approach, the geometallurgy block model was produced interpolating the comminution indexes Axb and BWI from the drill holes, and the specific energy was calculated at each block. …

Impact Of Multiple Mining Subsidence On Large Diameter Steel Pipelines: The Upper Silesian Coal Basin Case Study, Piotr Kalisz, Magdalena Zięba, Marcin Grygierek

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The article concerns the impact of multiple mining subsidence on pipeline expansion capacity based on the analysis of the field research results. The article presents a case study related to a water mains system that supplies drinking water to approximately 3.5 million consumers. These pipelines are made of steel with diameters of 1600 mm and 1400 mm. The water mains partly run through mining and post-mining areas in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. These pipelines are equipped with expansion joints to protect them against the impact of ground deformations. The field research concerned the assessment of the position …

Recovery Of Magnesium Sulfate And Calcium Sulfate From Zinc Flotation Tailing, Raquel Húngaro Costa, Jonathan Tenório Vinhal, Tatiana Scarazzato, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Resource recovery is a process that has been used to obtain products from industrial waste. Mining tailings can be used as an alternative through ore beneficiation to create by-products for this type of waste. The work herein investigated the recovery of two products from a real tailing generated in the Zn beneficiation route in the flotation step. A non-magnetic fraction was submitted to a hydrometallurgical route to produce MgSO₄ and CaSO_4. Thermodynamic simulations using FactSage software were performed to evaluate the optimal leaching conditions varying the S:L ratio, the sulfuric acid concentration, and temperature. The best modeled conditions …

Construction, Optimization, And Characterization Of An Undergraduate Cold Cathode Table-Top Electron Accelerator For Radiation Physics Education, Caitlin Balmer, Mason Skeath, Mehran M. Zaini, Peter Zencak, Erin M. Craig

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Mehran Zaini, PhD; Peter Zencak

Rising cancer cases spurred advancements in radiation therapy modalities, including electron accelerators. In this report, descriptive and diagnostic analysis was utilized to develop and characterize a functional, low energy cold cathode table-top electron accelerator for radiation physics experimentation in Central Washington University’s (CWU) undergraduate radiation lab. The device features a tungsten cathode (TC), brass anode, and copper Faraday Cup (FC) in a vacuum, enclosed by blue-tinted polyvinyl chloride (PVC). TC electron emission was facilitated by applied electric fields from input voltages of 1000 V to 5000 V. FC collected electron current in the …

Drawing On Uncertainty Methodologies Of Neutrosophic Hypersoft Sets In Cognitive Computing-Driven Healthcare Systems, Mona Mohamed, Nurhan Alaa

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

A new paradigm called cognitive computing simulates human reasoning and decision-making through integrating advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). Cognitive computing systems, in contrast to traditional systems, can handle both structured and unstructured data, adjust to new information, and offer context-sensitive insights. This study examines how cognitive computing improves decision-making, personalization, and human-machine collaboration in various fields. Cognitive computing in the healthcare sector processes clinical notes, imaging data, and electronic health records to help physicians with diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient engagement. This study examines key applications, including their role in diagnostic support, where …

Fundamentals Of The New Neutrosophic Matrices, Adebisi Sunday Adesina, Ogunmuyiwa Sodiq Damilola

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The New Neutrosophic Matrices provides a mathematical extension of classical and fuzzy matrix theory that incorporates the element of indeterminacy alongside truth and falsity. Neutrosophic logic, pioneered by FlorentinSmarandache, provides a richer framework for dealing with uncertainty and vagueness in real-world data. This study explores the definitions, classifications, and algebraic operations onneutrosophic matrices, including addition, multiplication, scalar operations, and the formation of identities.A comparative analysis is presented to highlight the distinctions between classical, fuzzy, and neutrosophic matrices. From the concepts, potential applications could be proposed most especially, for more problem solving as well as for future exploration.Findingsaffirmthat neutrosophic matrices offer …

Stabilized Weak-Gradient Discontinuous Finite Elements With Optimal Error Estimates For Second-Order Elliptic Pdes, Aymen Laadhari

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

This work introduces an accurate finite element approach employing a new stabilized discrete weak gradient, designed for second-order elliptic problems on arbitrary conforming meshes. We formulate the approach within a discontinuous Galerkin framework and derive a consistent and coercive bilinear form. Appropriate error analysis on a model problem confirms optimal convergence. Building on the core analysis, we extend the method to more challenging settings, including time-dependent heterogeneous scenarios and a biophysically realistic optimal-control model of photobleaching in the budding yeast cell. We further illustrate the versatility of the weak-gradient construction by applying it to an unsteady level-set equation relevant to …

Neutrosophic Set Model For Controlling Electronic Waste Requirements Management Policies To Minimize Ecological Impact And Improving Resilience And Sustainability, Mohamed Abouhawwash, Nitin Mittal, Sudeep Tanwar

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The growing issue of electronic waste (e-waste) necessitates management approaches that promote sustainability and resilience while reducing environmental effects, particularly considering global disruptions and pressure on manufacturers to implement extended producer responsibility laws. There is a research gap in our knowledge of the link between sustainability and resilience since most of the literature currently available on e-waste management focuses on either operational efficiency or sustainability. This study proposes multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology for controlling electronic waste requirements management policies to minimize ecological impact and improving resilience and sustainability. We use the EDAS methodology to rank the alternatives. The criteria …

Application Of Dematel Based On Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets For Sustainable Agriculture Practices, Lazim Abdullah, Nor Liyana Amalini Binti Mohd Kamal

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The development of natural capital is a fundamental objective within sustainable agricultural systems, where the optimization of both crop and livestock production is vital to addressing global food demands. Despite this imperative, major agricultural sectors such as paddy and rubber production, often fall short of satisfying consumption needs. This study aims to identify and prioritize the most influential criteria for sustainable agriculture using the Bipolar Neutrosophic Set-based Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (BNS-DEMATEL) method. Expert evaluations were elicited from five agricultural specialists using linguistic assessments to analyze the performance and interdependencies among sustainability criteria. Computational analyses were conducted using MATLAB …

Evaluating And Ranking Genai Chatbots Under Uncertainty: A Type-2 Neutrosophic Rancom–Marcos Mcdm Framework, Hend Ahmed, Abduallah Gamal

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Owing to integrate GenAI chatbots to enhance productivity across various tasks, this research presents T2NN-RANCOM-MARCOS multi-attribute decision-making model, which employs Type-2 Neutrosophic Number (T2NN) to handle uncertain data, the RANCOM method, distinguished by its easy, highly repeatable, less time consuming, more appropriate to deal with problems exceeds 5 criteria with expert errors to assign subjective weights to criteria and MARCOS method to evaluate and rank eight GenAI chatbots against six main criteria are included 23 sub-criteria: Quality of Information, Understanding and Reasoning, Expression Style and Persona, Safety and Harm, Trust and Confidence and Economic are primarily derived from QUEST evaluation …

Use Matters: How Different Ways Of Using Chatgpt Drive Ai Acceptance And Solutionism, Florian Golo Flaßhoff, Fabian Anicker, Frank Marcinkowski

Human-Machine Communication

Artificial intelligence is central to solutionism—the vision of a world where all major problems are solved through technology. This study theorizes about how human–AI communication shapes attitudes toward AI and influences the formation of public opinion, sparking solutionist imaginaries. We empirically examine the attitude formation resulting from the non-simulated use of an unmanipulated conversational model in a controlled laboratory experiment. Using a between-subjects design, participants engaged in three semi-structured 20-minute sessions with ChatGPT, providing a novel perspective on the effects of its use. The findings reveal that mere use of ChatGPT causally increases AI acceptance; however, its impact significantly depends …

Generative Ai: Another Chapter Of Human-Machine Communication, Seungahn Nah, Patric R. Spence

Human-Machine Communication

This editorial introduces a special issue of Human-Machine Communication that explores how generative AI reshapes the communicative relationship between humans and machines. It highlights emerging research on technology use, education, interpersonal dynamics, and trust in AI-generated content, emphasizing that generative AI’s significance lies not in novelty but in the social negotiations it provokes around meaning, authority, and credibility.

Retracted: Adaptive Crossover And Mutation Mechanisms For Enhanced Lpb Algorithm Performance, Abbas M. Ahmed, Tarik A. Rashid

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

This study proposes a more effective concept of Learner Performance-based Behavior (LPB). It is a new metaheuristic algorithm based on how the university admission process is done for high school students in various departments. The adaptive crossover and mutation methods were incorporated into the LPB algorithm as part of an investigation. The goal is to enhance convergence and significantly improve the quality of the solutions. The aLPB (adaptive-learner performance-based Behaviour) method stands out because it sets the crossover and mutation parameters based on the performance of the parent solutions. Thus, the proposed technique achieves a balance between exploration and exploitation …

Iot-Enabled Machine Learning Framework For Prediction Of Eutrophication, Hocine Dai, Akli Abbas, Houssam Eddine-Othman Lachemat, Aicha Aid

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

This study presents an innovative predictive monitoring framework that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) with advanced machine learning (ML) techniques to model the relationship between oxidized nitrate (NOX)—employed as the sole predictor—and chlorophyll a (CHLA), a key proxy for algal biomass. By utilising a single optimally selected parameter, the approach significantly reduces sensor deployment complexity and instrumentation costs, while minimising data acquisition and computational requirements. Logarithmic and Yeo-Johnson transformations were applied to the predictor and target variables, respectively, to address distributional skewness and enhance variance homogeneity. An optimised Random Forest model demonstrated strong predictive performance, achieving a coefficient of …

Multi Features Data Clustering Using Novel Statistical Method With Application To Color Images, Husham Y. A. Alameen, Ali Karah Bash

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

The efficiency and performance of the color image clustering algorithms are determined by various factors, including accuracy, data size, speed, and reliability (the absence of randomness in the results). Some applications, like microscopes analyzing images of biological objects or telescopes observing planetary motion prioritize accuracy over execution time. In contrast, surveillance cameras and moving object tracking prioritize speed and reliability over accuracy. This study introduces a novel algorithm that balances these four factors by clustering data with multiple features linked through specific relationships. The proposed algorithm has been practically applied to RGB color images. Traditional clustering methods, such as K-means, …

A New Approach For Multiprocessor System-On-Chip Application Scheduling In Multi-Objective Flow Shops, Tahani Jabbar Khraibet, Bayda Atiya Kalaf, Ahmed Abbas Jasim

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

The flow shop scheduling problem in Multiprocessor-System-on-Chip (MPSoC) architectures presents challenges for traditional optimization algorithms, especially when addressing multiple conflicting objectives. Hence, advanced optimization approaches are required to tackle these objectives simultaneously. Therefore, this research aims to propose and evaluate a new optimization approach based on the integration of the Fire Hawk Optimizer with the Smart Battery Scheduling Algorithm (FHO-SBSA) to address the multi-objective (make span, CPU time, global average delay, network throughput, and total energy consumption) flow shop scheduling problem in MPSoC systems. To evaluate the performance of the FHO-SBSA optimization approach, two benchmark applications were selected, with ten …

Plasmonic Nanoparticle Integration On Fiber Optic: Role Of Organic Linker And Functionalization Length In Refractive Index Sensing, Shela Ilmiyah, Mohamad Syahadi, Muflikhah Muflikhah, Yuwana Pradana, Zainul Arifin Iman Supardi, Iwan Darmadi, Lia Aprilia

Makara Journal of Science

Nanoplasmonic fiber optic sensors leverage the optical fiber’s inherent compactness and surface sensitivity via evanescent-field interactions with the localized surface plasmon resonance of the metallic nanoparticles. One of the popular approaches is self-assembly owing to its relatively low cost. Despite its low cost, the self-assembly technique has low reproducibility and exhibits low sensitivity because of low nanoplasmonic coverage on the fiber optic surface. In this study, several fabrication techniques were explored to assess the refractive index sensitivity by comparing three common organosilanes, i.e., (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Comparative analyses assessed the anchoring efficiency of the three silanes, sensor reproducibility, …

Series Reports From Professor Wei’S Group Of Chongqing University: Advancements In Electrochemical Energy Conversions (2/4): Report 2: High-Performance Water Splitting Electrocatalysts, Ling Zhang, Wang-Yang Wu, Qiu-Yue Hu, Shi-Dan Yang, Li Li, Rui-Jin Liao, Zi-Dong Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

The unavailability of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts has impeded the large-scale deployment of alkaline water electrolyzers. Professor Zidong Wei’s group has focused on resolving critical challenges in industrial alkaline electrolysis, particularly elucidating hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) mechanisms while addressing the persistent activity-stability trade-off. This review summarizes their decade-long progress in developing advanced electrodes, analyzing the origins of sluggish alkaline HER kinetics and OER stability limitations. Professor Wei proposes a unifying “12345 Principle” as an optimization framework. For HER electrocatalysts, they have identified that metal/metal oxide interfaces create synergistic “chimney effect” and “local electric field enhancement effect”, enhancing selective …

Local Electric Fields Coupled With Cl− Fixation Strategy For Improving Seawater Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance, Yu-Rong Liu, Miao Zhang, Yan-Hui Yu, Ya-Lin Liu, Jing Li, Xiao-Dong Shi, Zhen-Ye Kang, Dao-Xiong Wu, Peng Rao, Ying Liang, Xin-Long Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries (SZABs). Herein, constructing a local electric field coupled with chloride ions (Cl⁻) fixation strategy in dual single-atom catalysts (DSACs) was proposed, and the resultant catalyst delivered considerable ORR performance in a seawater electrolyte, with a high half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.868 V and a good maximum power density (Pmax) of 182 mW·cm⁻² in the assembled SZABs, much higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst (E_1/2: 0.846 V; Pmax: 150 mW·cm^{−2 …}

Bridging Materials And Energy Storage Mechanisms In Zn-I2 Batteries, Rong-Qi Liu, Wen-Shuo Shang, Jin-Tao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc-iodine (Zn-I₂) batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage, driven by the growing demand for safe, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems. Benefiting from the inherent advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes, including high ionic conductivity, low flammability, natural abundance, and high volumetric capacity, Zn-I₂ batteries offer significant potential for grid-level deployment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in three critical domains: positive-electrode engineering, zinc anode stabilization, and in situ characterization methods. On the cathode side, anchoring iodine to conductive matrices effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling and enhances …

Significantly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity In Co-N-C Catalysts Through Synergistic Boron Doping, Chang Lan, Jing-Sen Bai, Xin Guan, Shuo Wang, Nan-Shu Zhang, Yu-Qing Cheng, Jin-Jing Tao, Yu-Yi Chu, Mei-Ling Xiao, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing

Journal of Electrochemistry

The weak adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates on Co center leads to a considerable performance disparity between Co-N-C and costly Pt benchmark in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, we strategically engineer the active site structure of Co-N-C via B substitution, which is accomplished by the pyrolysis of ammonium borate. During this process, the in-situ generated NH₃ gas plays a critical role in creating surface defects and boron atoms substituting nitrogen atoms in the carbon structure. The well-designed CoB₁N₃ active site endows Co with higher charge density and stronger adsorption energy toward oxygen species, …

Enrichment Factors And Play Fairway Mapping Of Helium In Typical Zones Of The Ordos Basin, Gao Jianrong, Tao Shizhen, Liu Xiangbai, Yang Wei, Zhao Zhenyu, Chen Xiuyan, Xu Wanglin, Zhang Chunlin, Song Wei, Chen Yue, Huang Junping, Ma Zhanrong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The Ordos Basin enjoys abundant natural gas resources, which generally bear helium, making this basin hold great helium resource potential. In this case, detailed exploration is essential for the future transition from natural gas-helium joint exploration to special helium exploration in the basin.Objective and Method To systematically investigate the distribution and potential of helium resources in the Ordos Basin, natural gas samples were taken from different areas of the basin for analysis and tests. To examine the primary factors controlling helium accumulation and enrichment, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the basement, sedimentary rock layers, fault systems, …

High-Precision Reconstruction Of Seismic Data Based On Improved U-Net++, Wang Minling, Zhou Fei, Wang Honghua, He Xiang, Hou Zhiyang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Conventional reconstruction methods are insufficient for the reconstruction of seismic data with missing consecutive traces, producing a negative impact on subsequent processing accuracy. Hence, this study proposed CU-Net++, a deep learning network based on the U-Net++ architecture combined with the convolutional block attention module (CBAM). Methods During the reconstruction of missing data, the independent decoder for each sub-U-Net in the nested U-Net++ architecture enables the utilization of information from different depths. The long and short skip connections can effectively enhance the network's capability to extract multi-scale features from data. The core innovation of CU-Net++ is the introduction of CBAM, …

Application Of Geophysical Logging To Selection Of Optimum Target Horizons For Salt Cavern Storage: A Case Study Of Borehole Zk01 In Qingjiang Salt Mine, Jiangxi Province, China, Liu Dongming, Lin Zhenzhou, Liu Dongyan, Qiu Changyi, Liang Mingxing, Zhai Jinghong, Zhang Jie, Jiang Zhengzhong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Under the guidance of the strategies to achieve the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, salt cavern storage facilities, serving as key infrastructure for clean energy strategic reserves, have emerged as a core approach to promoting the transformation and upgrade of the salt industry and to building a low-carbon energy system in China. Jiangxi Province, located in the middle part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, is endowed with abundant salt rock resources, making it a national priority zone for developing resources for salt cavern storage. However, traditional methods for the siting of the facilities rely …

Process And Mechanism Of Defluorination Using Magnesium Chloride-Modified Coal Gangue, Zhao Li, Zhou Wangxu, Zhang Qing, Xing Mingfei, Xu Feng, Kong Weifang, Liu Yifei, Qin Guangyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The rapid development of industry has resulted in a yearly increase in wastewater discharge, which induces a gradually rising fluorine concentration in water. In this context, removing fluoride using natural materials and industrial waste has emerged as a popular research topic. Coal gangue, one of the largest contributors to industrial waste in China, contains substantial clay minerals, and its pore structure can be effectively improved through modification. This helps significantly enhance its adsorption performance and thus achieve efficient fluoride removal from water. Methods This study investigated coal gangue from a typical mining area of the Henan Energy and Chemical …

A Modular Casing While Drilling Rig For Large-Diameter Horizontal Boreholes For Underground Rescue, Fan Dong, Ni Xiaoyang, Mu Shuyuan, Zou Zujie, Wen Guojun, Li Yingping, Lu Feifei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Operations in a narrow space pose a challenge to rescue in the case of the collapse of mine roadways or tunnels. To address this challenge, this study developed a modular rescue casing while drilling (CwD) rig system for horizontal boreholes. With the capacity for quick responses, this CwD rig was designed to enhance the rescue efficiency and safety under complex geological conditions. Methods Following the modular design concept and compact layout principle, this study optimized core components such as the power heads, feed devices, and power system. The auxiliary operation vehicle was checked against overturning through multibody dynamics (MBD) …

Structural Optimization For Transfer Chutes Based On Energy Dissipation Mechanisms Of Coal Particles, Shi Yaocheng, Zou Zujie, Wen Guojun, Cheng Siyi, Wu Laijie, Wang Yudan, Liu Pu, Chen Mengxi

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Bulk material transport in emergency rescue scenarios and coal transportation poses stringent demands for the structural performance of transfer chutes. Given this, from the perspective of the energy dissipation mechanisms of particles, this study proposed structural optimization methods for transfer chutes based on the regulation of particle energy dissipation. Methods An experiment–simulation integrated analysis framework was established. Using this framework, this study systematically simulated the impact process of particles between two-stage walls I and Ⅱ using the discrete element method (DEM), highlighting the coupling mechanisms among velocity fluctuations, stress distribution, and energy transformation pathways. Based on the results, this …

A Simulation And Experimental Study Of Bottomhole Flow Field In A Large-Diameter Rescue Borehole, Zhao Yan, Liu Songhe, Hao Shijun, Zhao Jiangpeng, Li Peishu, Wang Xuebo, Yu Yongping, Gao Ke, Dong Bo, Zhang Bo

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective In mine rescue, reaming using a large-diameter down-the-hole (DTH) hammer faces is challenged by complex bottomhole flow fields and difficult slag discharge. This study aims to address these challenges. Methods To reveal the influence patterns of drilling parameters on the bottomhole flow field and slag discharge efficiency, this study determined the optimal drilling parameter combination. Then, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-discrete phase model (DPM) method, this study established a numerical model for the slag discharge and bottomhole flow field during the reverse circulation drilling using a DTH hammer. Relying on this model, this study analyzed the variation patterns …