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Articles 21961 - 21990 of 27415

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Electrochemical Nanofabrication Using Polyacrylamide Hydrogel As Soft Stamps, Wen Sun, Hai-Tao Fan, Da-Xiao Zhang, Dong-Jie Hu, Yong-Liang Zhou Jun 2013

Electrochemical Nanofabrication Using Polyacrylamide Hydrogel As Soft Stamps, Wen Sun, Hai-Tao Fan, Da-Xiao Zhang, Dong-Jie Hu, Yong-Liang Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The fabrication resolution of electrochemical wet stamping (E-WETS) was enhanced to several hundred nanometers from several ten micrometers by using polycarylamide gel (PAG) as soft stamps and through optimized processes. The PAG stamp was cured on a nanopatterned soft mold and soaked with 0.2 mol·L-1 KCl solution, then contacted with a silicon wafer with gold film and applied with electric field. And the gold nanopatterns were achieved by the selective anodic dissolving, the diameter of fabricated gold spot was around 200 nm. The parameters which affected the fabrication processes have been discussed in detail.

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Fabrication And Performance Of Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δCathode Modified By Coating With Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Rui-Xuan Ren, Bo Huang, Xin-Jian Zhu, Yi-Xing Hu, Xiao-Yi Ding, Zong-Yao Liu, Ye-Bin Liu Jun 2013

Fabrication And Performance Of Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δCathode Modified By Coating With Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Rui-Xuan Ren, Bo Huang, Xin-Jian Zhu, Yi-Xing Hu, Xiao-Yi Ding, Zong-Yao Liu, Ye-Bin Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The symmetric cell of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ/Sc0.1Zr0.9O1.95/LaNi0.6Fe0.4O 3-δ was fabricated with screen printing method. A LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LNF) cathode was modified by coating with nano-sized gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC, Gd0.2Ce0.8O2) prepared using a simple combustion process within the pores of the cathode. According to the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), the polarization resistance of the pure LNF was 0.70 W·cm2 at 750 ºC, while 0.13 W·cm2 for the 21.3% GDC (by mass)-coated LNF cathode at the …

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Optimization Of Electroless Silver Plating Process On Fabric Surface Without Activation And Sensitization, Bo Lian Wang, Ya Ping Zhao, Zai Sheng Cai Jun 2013

Optimization Of Electroless Silver Plating Process On Fabric Surface Without Activation And Sensitization, Bo Lian Wang, Ya Ping Zhao, Zai Sheng Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

Silver was deposited homogeneously on the surface of polyamide fabric by electroless plating without activation and sensitization. The electroless silver plating process was optimized with the orthogonal array testing strategy. It is found that the optimum conditions are the electroless plating time of 50 min with the concentrations of silver nitrate, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide being 14 g·L-1, 6 g·L-1 and 130 mL·L-1, respectively. The surface morphologies, compositions, and phases of fabric samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wear-resisting property was tested by friction fastness …

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Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Hollow Carbon Spheres/Sulfur Composite, Jun Zang, Hang Qian, Er-Man Zeng, Juan-Ni Fu, Ming-Sen Zheng, Quan-Feng Dong Jun 2013

Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Hollow Carbon Spheres/Sulfur Composite, Jun Zang, Hang Qian, Er-Man Zeng, Juan-Ni Fu, Ming-Sen Zheng, Quan-Feng Dong

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hollow carbon spheres were prepared by the PMMA template. Hollow carbon spheres/sulfur composite was made from sulfur and hollow carbon spheres as a conducting framework. The results of SEM and TEM showed that sulfur was uniformly filled in both of the shell and hollow core of hollow carbon spheres. The electrochemical performance of hollow carbon spheres/sulfur composite was characterized by the charge/discharge method. The results showed the excellent rate and cycle performance of hollow carbon spheres/sulfur composite. The reversible capacities of hollow carbon spheres/sulfur composite are 1145 mAh·g-1, 824 mAh·g-1, 702 mAh·g-1, 586 mAh·g …

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Progress Of Lithium Rich Cathode Materials For Li-Ion Batteries, Jie Zhang, Jiu-Lin Wang, Jun Yang Jun 2013

Progress Of Lithium Rich Cathode Materials For Li-Ion Batteries, Jie Zhang, Jiu-Lin Wang, Jun Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium rich materials xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 (0-1 and low cost. However, the large irreversible capacity during the first cycle, low rate capability and structure collapse during cycling remain impediments in developing these cathodes for applications. The structure analyses and charge/discharge mechanisms for lithium rich materials are currently main research contents. Although whether the lithium rich materials are solid solutions or composite is still controversial, oxygen release mechanism on the first charge 4.5 V plateau of lithium rich materials has come to consistency. Several modifications, such as bulk doping, surface coating and microstructure control, demonstrate promising strategies to …

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Electrochemical Performance Of Al-Doped Spinel Limn2O4 Cathode Material For Li-Ion Batteries, Yong-Long Wang, Wen-Ge Wang, Qian Zhang, Xin Wang, Jian-Sheng Cao, Shi-Hai Ye Jun 2013

Electrochemical Performance Of Al-Doped Spinel Limn2O4 Cathode Material For Li-Ion Batteries, Yong-Long Wang, Wen-Ge Wang, Qian Zhang, Xin Wang, Jian-Sheng Cao, Shi-Hai Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

Spinel LiMn2O4, a cathode material for Li-ion batteries, is featured as good high-rate performance, low cost and environmental friendly. The pristine and Al-doped LiMn2O4 samples were prepared by sol-gel method. The structure and micromorphology of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the as-prepared LiMn2O4 samples had a typical cubic spinel structure and were composed of sphere-like particles with a diameter range of 300 ~ 500 nm. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests showed that the LiMn2O4 samples doped …

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Polypyrrole-Transition Metal-Oxygen Coordination Complexes As High Performance Lithium Storage Material, Ya Mao, Qingyu Kong, Bingkun Guo, Zhaoxiang Wang, Liquan Chen Jun 2013

Polypyrrole-Transition Metal-Oxygen Coordination Complexes As High Performance Lithium Storage Material, Ya Mao, Qingyu Kong, Bingkun Guo, Zhaoxiang Wang, Liquan Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

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Boiling Heat Transfer On Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Nathan Tulett, Dr. Daniel Maynes Jun 2013

Boiling Heat Transfer On Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Nathan Tulett, Dr. Daniel Maynes

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the last few years a great deal of attention has been given to superhydrophobic surfaces and their impact on drag reduction in fluid flow dynamics. Such surfaces are now employed as self-cleaning substrates and it is expected that their use in the coming years will greatly multiply. In the laboratory, these surfaces often consist of alternating microribs and microcavities that are etched into a silicone substrate using a deep reactive ion etching process (DRIE) as seen in Fig. 1.

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Optimizing Redundant Wrist And Forearm Rotations, Jenny Pate, Dr. Steven Charles Jun 2013

Optimizing Redundant Wrist And Forearm Rotations, Jenny Pate, Dr. Steven Charles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many Americans struggle with wrist injuries that severely impact their ability to work (typing, writing, etc.) and perform basic everyday functions (eating, holding, etc). These injuries often result from repeatedly forcing the wrist to move in unnatural ways. To properly combat these challenges and improve the lives of wrist patients, a better understanding of the human wrist is required. Extensive research has been conducted in arm reaching movements, but limited documentation has been presented regarding the human wrist. In particular, although it appears that humans choose certain wrist movements over others, it is unclear which paths are preferred, why they …

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Developing The Confocal And Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques To Visualize The Eliposomes Inside Of Cells To Treat Cancer, Tara Pandey, Dr. William Pitt Jun 2013

Developing The Confocal And Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques To Visualize The Eliposomes Inside Of Cells To Treat Cancer, Tara Pandey, Dr. William Pitt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cancer is among the leading causes of death in the world. The goal for this project was to visualize a liposome containing perfluorocarbon emulsion an eLiposome, inside of tumor cells using confocal and fluorescence microscopes. A successful study of this project would help to understand the behavior of cancer cells in the presence of drugs during targeted drug delivery for cancer.

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Corrosion Measurement Of Reinforcing Steel In Concrete Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Eric Sumsion, Dr. Spencer Guthrie Jun 2013

Corrosion Measurement Of Reinforcing Steel In Concrete Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Eric Sumsion, Dr. Spencer Guthrie

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Corrosion affects reinforced concrete structures throughout the world. Corrosion, induced by concrete carbonation and penetration of chloride ions from deicing salts and/or seawater, reduces the load-bearing area of reinforcing steel, weakens the bond between steel and concrete, and cracks the concrete surrounding the steel. As a result of these effects, corrosion can cause premature failure of reinforced concrete structures.

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Using Ebsd Images To Determine 3d Crystal Structure, Caroline Sorensen, Dr. David Fullwood Jun 2013

Using Ebsd Images To Determine 3d Crystal Structure, Caroline Sorensen, Dr. David Fullwood

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The research I have completed over the past year has been very successful. The results will soon (i.e. in the next week or two) be submitted for publication, most likely to the journal “Metallurgical and Material Transactions A.” Preliminary findings from this research were also presented earlier this year at the annual conference of The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society in San Diego, CA. In this final report I will overview the initial goal and proposed methods, outline a few of the problems that were encountered and solved in my research, discuss the implications of the results, and suggest further …

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High Resolution Characterization Of Polycrystalline Triple Junctions, Samikshya Subedi, Dr. David Fullwood Jun 2013

High Resolution Characterization Of Polycrystalline Triple Junctions, Samikshya Subedi, Dr. David Fullwood

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to understand and predict the role of the triple junction on crack initiation in polycrystals. I intended to study dislocation density fields and local elastic strain around the triple junction area in a metal and understand how these factors facilitate crack nucleation and propagation.

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Flapping Flight, Michael Tree, Dr. Scott Thomson Jun 2013

Flapping Flight, Michael Tree, Dr. Scott Thomson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Operation of existing micro air vehicles (small, unmanned aircraft, with a maximum size of 6 inches or less, also known as MAVs) is difficult in urban areas. Most MAVs use a fixed-wing design that is unsuitable for high maneuverability, thus limiting their potential usefulness.

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The Effect Of Lanthanum On Iron Based Water-Shift Catalysts, Trevor Slade, Dr. Morris Argyle Jun 2013

The Effect Of Lanthanum On Iron Based Water-Shift Catalysts, Trevor Slade, Dr. Morris Argyle

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The water-gas shift reaction is the reaction where carbon monoxide and water react to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen as shown in equation 1.

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Research And Testing Of Pvc Solvent Bonding Methods, David Williams, Dr. William Pitt Jun 2013

Research And Testing Of Pvc Solvent Bonding Methods, David Williams, Dr. William Pitt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this research project was to determine the optimal method to solvent bond polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pieces together. Understanding how to create a strong solvent bond in PVC is important to a related prosthetic leg project that has been performed at BYU. This was completed by bonding flat samples of PVC that were prepared with varying methods.

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Industry Based Multimedia Education, Cameron Wilson, Dr. Geoffrey Wright Jun 2013

Industry Based Multimedia Education, Cameron Wilson, Dr. Geoffrey Wright

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My goal was to study how the cinematographic industry teaches multimedia and digital production, and compare that with how Utah schools teach multimedia and digital production. The outcome was somewhat of a surprise to me. I thought that public school teachers, having proper pedagogical training, and all having graduated from college would be able to provide the students with an adequate learning environment. I found this to be wrong. The students at the Industry based schools overall were much more prepared to go out in the world and be successful in the industry of multimedia. The findings are backed by …

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Cloud Security For Medical Imaging, Craig Treasure, Dr. Chia-Chi Teng Jun 2013

Cloud Security For Medical Imaging, Craig Treasure, Dr. Chia-Chi Teng

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Current medical imaging technology exists in the form of large and expensive systems in hospitals inside the network firewalls. Data from these machines is only transmitted on a hospital’s computer network to maintain the privacy of patient’s personal information and images. These expensive machines require high processing power to process medical images to be used by physicians and doctors. Patient’s data is protected by keeping it within the hospital’s private computer network.

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Mathematical Dynamics Of Fluid Motion Inside Of A Spherical Boundary, Taylor Killian, Dr. Tadd Truscott Jun 2013

Mathematical Dynamics Of Fluid Motion Inside Of A Spherical Boundary, Taylor Killian, Dr. Tadd Truscott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of the proposed research was to mathematically define and model the flow of fluid within a partially filled sphere. The goal of this modeling was to aid the study of the effects an enclosed fluid had on its boundary. We desired to demonstrate the movements of the fluid numerically. Professor Truscott’s laboratory observed that the rebound of a sphere, partially filled with fluid, is greatly reduced by the motion of the fluid inside the sphere and wanted to understand the dynamics of this event.

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Capillary Action In A Rectangular Micro-Channel, Jeffrey Hendricks, Dr. Tadd Truscott Jun 2013

Capillary Action In A Rectangular Micro-Channel, Jeffrey Hendricks, Dr. Tadd Truscott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The study of fluid flow on a microscale has become of increasing interest in recent years. We have studied the effects of capillary action in a micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section having a large width to height ratio. In general, capillary action allows fluid to fill a horizontally oriented tube smaller than the capillary length (on the order of 2 mm in water). When the far end of such a tube is capped, typically the fluid is drawn through the tube until it meets a pressure field that is equal but opposite of the surface tension force. We have found …

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Rebound Suppression Of A Partially Filled Sphere, Robert Klaus, Dr. Tadd Truscott Jun 2013

Rebound Suppression Of A Partially Filled Sphere, Robert Klaus, Dr. Tadd Truscott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Sloshing is a very common phenomenon that we encounter everyday. Anytime that a liquid is enclosed within a moving container there exists the potential for sloshing. In some cases, such as trucks & ships, the sloshing of the fluid can produce undesired vehicle motion and even lead to catastrophic results. On the other hand, street hockey balls use fluid sloshing to help mitigate the rebound inherent to elastic spheres. In this research, high-speed imaging has been used to capture the sloshing motion and understand its effect on the rebound of partially filled, hollow, elastic spheres.

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Charcoal Briquette Manufacturing In The Uros Islands Of Peru, Aaron Harrison, Dr. Vincent Wilding Jun 2013

Charcoal Briquette Manufacturing In The Uros Islands Of Peru, Aaron Harrison, Dr. Vincent Wilding

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Uros Islands in Peru, also known as the floating islands on Lake Titicaca, are made from reeds by the inhabitants. These reeds serve not only as shelter, but also as the main cooking fuel for nine months of the year. During the other three months the reeds are too wet to burn, so the islanders use propane to prepare their food. Unfortunately, propane can cost more than 50% of their monthly income which is a financial burden to most families on the islands. Additionally, breathing the smoke from these reeds can increase the islanders’ risk of contracting a respiratory …

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Waste Treatment For The Uros Islands, Spencer Bowen, Dr. Randy Lewis Jun 2013

Waste Treatment For The Uros Islands, Spencer Bowen, Dr. Randy Lewis

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this project was to design and install one bio-toilet system before the end of May 2011 in cooperation with the inhabitants of the Uros Islands on Lake Titicaca, Peru. The system is composed of two parts: the bio-toilet infrastructure and the treatment of waste. This proposal focuses on waste treatment. The bio-toilet infrastructure was developed in tandem via another project. There are several bio-toilet and waste treatment designs useful for land applications1; however, the unique challenge of this project was to develop a system that will be able to serve the people living on man-made, …

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Optical Characterization Of Optofluidic Waveguides Using Scattered Light Imaging, Micah Jenkins, Dr. Aaron Hawkins Jun 2013

Optical Characterization Of Optofluidic Waveguides Using Scattered Light Imaging, Micah Jenkins, Dr. Aaron Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One exciting field of research within optics involves using on chip optical waveguides as biological sensors. Dr. Aaron Hawkins and his team of students have worked to develop a platform for bio-sensing using ARROW’s (anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides) to confine light to a hollow core channel. These devices are filled with sample solutions and can be used to detect changes in optical transmission as fluorescently tagged particles traverse the hollow core channel.

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Tapered Photoresist In The Manufacture Of Nanosieves, Meagan Bracken, Dr. Aaron Hawkins Jun 2013

Tapered Photoresist In The Manufacture Of Nanosieves, Meagan Bracken, Dr. Aaron Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this project was to assist in the manufacturing of nanosieves. The device is designed to separates nano-size particles from the fluid substance in which they are contained. An example of this, and one of the main targets of this project, is the separation of HDL and LDL cholesterol particles from a sample of blood. This goal of separating cholesterol has many benefits to the medical world. By creating a method to characterize HDL cholesterol sizes and concentrations we can monitor a person’s risk for heart disease. Because cholesterol particles have this important attribute of size characterization, it …

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Measurement Of Steel Corrosion In Bridge Decks By Impedance Spectroscopy, Paul Bartholomew, Dr. Brian Mazzeo Jun 2013

Measurement Of Steel Corrosion In Bridge Decks By Impedance Spectroscopy, Paul Bartholomew, Dr. Brian Mazzeo

Journal of Undergraduate Research

On bridge decks, a specified thickness of concrete cover, usually between 2.0 and 3.0 in., is provided over the embedded reinforcing steel as a protective layer. When chloride ions penetrate the concrete cover, corrosion of the reinforcement can occur [1, 2, 3]. Corrosion problems are usually exacerbated in cold regions, where the source of chlorides is usually deicing salts applied to roads during winter conditions to melt ice, and in coastal regions, where exposure to sea water is prevalent. Since corrosion products are generally five to seven times greater in volume than the parent steel, the corrosion process can induce …

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Modular Containerized Provisional Habitations For Emergency Disaster Relief, Matthew Butler, Brian Capt Jun 2013

Modular Containerized Provisional Habitations For Emergency Disaster Relief, Matthew Butler, Brian Capt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Perhaps the greatest challenge to this project was determining which materials to use in the construction of the modules. There are a multitude of materials that could have been used for the project, many of which might have worked well for the designated use. The shelters have a specific set of criteria that required several different properties that the material had to fill, including: (a) price—it needed to be fairly inexpensive to purchase and ship to a shipping container assembly area, (b) durability—the panels that make up the module must be made from a material that can support itself, the …

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Spinning Objects In A Shallow Bath: Eggs In Milk, Kenneth Langley, Dr. Tadd Truscott Jun 2013

Spinning Objects In A Shallow Bath: Eggs In Milk, Kenneth Langley, Dr. Tadd Truscott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

If an egg spinning on a counter-top passes through a shallow pool of milk, a thin film of milk will be drawn up the sides of the egg and sprayed on the counter-top. This phenomenon is not limited to eggs or milk. In fact, when any axis-symmetric object is spun in a shallow bath of fluid, this phenomenon occurs in which fluid flows up the object and is then ejected at the maximum radius. This phenomenon lends itself well as a pump for moving fluids from very shallow areas to other regions and can even be used to make droplets …

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Combustion-Driven Water Heating In Huatta, Peru: A Solution For Third-World Countries, Brandon Decker, Dr. Matt Jones Jun 2013

Combustion-Driven Water Heating In Huatta, Peru: A Solution For Third-World Countries, Brandon Decker, Dr. Matt Jones

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This group aimed to construct a system that heated water to at least 38°C (100 OF) – warm enough for bathing, dish washing, and washing hands. Our goal was to create a system inexpensive and simple enough for implementation in Huatta, Peru. We also aimed to make the system sustainable and replicable.

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Forked Shaped Rebound Droplet For Impingement On Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Surfaces, David Bilodeau, Dr. Daniel Maynes Jun 2013

Forked Shaped Rebound Droplet For Impingement On Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Surfaces, David Bilodeau, Dr. Daniel Maynes

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many metals rust when exposed to moisture and that rusting can cause the item that is made of that metal to break down. A superhydrophobic surface can repel liquids and keep metals from rusting longer. Superhydrophobic surfaces have existed in nature for a long time but are just beginning to be understood and manufactured for societal applications. They are manufactured by micro-texturing a surface that is either made from specific materials or is coated with a different material after the micro-texturing (see Figure 1). Both the material and the micro-geometry are important parameters in the surface‟s ability to repel liquids. …

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