Engineering Commons^™

Effects Of Conformational Transformations On Electronic Transport Properties Of Optical Molecular Switches: An Ab Initio Study, Yuan-Yuan He, Jian-Wei Zhao

Journal of Electrochemistry

A series of model molecules with 4 kinds of conformational transformations have been investigated as optical molecular switches by using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The theoretical calculations show that molecules after conformational transformations have photoswitching characteristics. We find that the photochromic molecules with the same conformational transformation usually have a similar current on/off state when they are applied as photoshwitches. Among these transformations, the molecular switch with E(“trans”)/Z(“cis”)-isomerisation of the NN double bond has the highest current on-off ratio. The influences of the energy gap (HLG) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the …

23Na Mas Nmr Spectroscopic Study Of Na2Mnpo4F As Cathode Material For Sodium-Ion Battery, Xu Hou, Gui-Ming Zhong, Xiao-Chen Lin, Zi-Geng Liu, Xiao-Biao Wu, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Na₂MnPO₄F is one of the promising cathode materials for the sodium ion batteries. In the paper, we employed the ex situ X-ray diffraction and solid state NMR techniques to study the charge and discharge processes of this material, including the crystal structure and sodium sites changes. The ex situ x-ray diffraction patterns showed that two new diffraction peaks could be observed at 31^o and 36^o indicating an intermediate phase formed with the extraction of Na⁺. From the ²³Na MAS NMR spectrum of the material, three peaks were seen at -209 …

Effects Of Oxygen Coverage And Hydrated Proton Model On The Dft Calculation Of Oxygen Reduction Pathways On The Pt(111) Surface, Li-Hui Ou, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

DFT calculation is used to study various possible steps in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), including the adsorption and dissociation process of O₂ and the serial protonation process of dissociated products to form H₂O on the Pt(111) surface. By using slabs of different sizes, and different numbers of pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms, the coverage effects on the pathways are investigated. The calculated results using different hydrated proton models are also compared. It is shown that the initial step of the ORR is the formation of a protonated end-on chemisorbed state of OOH*, which can transform to an unprotonated …

Electrochemistry At Liquid/Liquid Interfaces And Its Recent Progresses, Jing Gu, Yong-Hui Qiao, Xin-Yu Zhu, Xiao-Hong Yin, Xin Zhang, Ye Chen, Zhi-Wei Zhu, Yuan-Hua Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry at a liquid/liquid interface have attracted much attention in the past few decades since they have been closely related to many applications including exploration in mechanisms of extraction processes and chemical sensing, as well as investigations in phase transfer catalysis, drug release and mimicking the function of biological membranes. In this review, recent progresses in this field in the last decade, especially the investigations in microstructure of liquid/liquid interface, charge (ion and electron) transfer reactions and functionalization of liquid/liquid interfaces, are reviewed.

Calculated Vs. Experimental Values For Volume And Surface Resistivity In Various Polymer Compounds, Megan Webster

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

Versatile due to their resistance to high stress environments including but not limited to extreme temperature, pressure, and stress, polymers additionally have many uses in electrical applications wherein antistatic or conductive properties are preferential, i.e. conductive seals, oil pipeline spheres, and gaskets, to name a few. Being a complex material, many factors may affect the electrical resistivity of a given polymer compound including type and amount of carbon black, type of rubber, cure time and temperature, and dispersion, amongst other factors. External conditions such as relative humidity and temperature also play key roles. This paper will analyze five different rubber …

Mathematically Modeling Fetal Electrocardiograms, Samuel Estes, Kiersten Utsey, Erick Kalobwe

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

Abstract

Some of the most common and fatal birth defects are those related to the heart. In adults, possible heart conditions are often identified through the use of an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, due to the presence of other signals and noise in the recording, fetal electrocardiography has not yet proven effective in diagnosing these defects. This paper develops a mathematical model of three-dimensional heart vector trajectories, which was used to generate synthetic maternal and fetal ECG signals. The dipole model is a useful simplification in which the electrical activity of the heart is viewed as a single time-varying vector originating …

Simulation Of A Smart Home Energy Management System With Dynamic Price Response, Jason Y. Chan, Qinran Hu

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

With the continuing development of the smart grid combined with the fluctuating nature of the electricity market, the development of demand-side management with controllable loads have been greatly driven. With the amount of household loads in the residential sector, managing their energy usage has received lots of interest. This paper presents a simulation of a previously proposed hardware design of a smart home energy management system (SHEMS), focusing on the data collection and processing functions of the proposed design while implementing them onto standard household loads like an electric water heater and an electric vehicle charging station. It was found …

Vehicle Multi-Pass Rut Volume And Mobility Power Study, William W. Barbour

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

This paper presents the relationship between applied power by a wheeled vehicle to soil and the rutting effects. Specifically, a strong positive relationship was found between cumulative applied power and total rut volume across multiple passes by the vehicle over the same tracks. Field-testing was conducted using a high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) and two distinct soil types. Sensors on the vehicle measured torque and angular velocity of each of the four wheels, from which applied power was calculated. A rut profile meter was used to document the shape of the rut after set numbers of passes and this profile …

Story Guided Virtual Cultural Heritage Applications, Selma Rizvic

Journal of Interactive Humanities

Virtual cultural heritage applications, particularly virtual museums, nowadays include various forms of storytelling. Every object, site or artifact is better perceived and understood through the adjoining story. Interactive applications naturally request the storytelling to become interactive as well. This paper describes the concepts of interactive digital storytelling in our virtual museums and cultural heritage presentations and discusses their advantages and drawbacks recognized through user evaluation. We used digital stories not only to introduce visitors with the context and information on the objects, but also to enhance their navigation through virtual environments with purpose of learning and perceiving maximum amount of …

Active Appearance Model Algorithm With K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier For Face Pose Estimation, Bing-Fei Wu, Chih-Chung Kao, Cheng-Lung Jen, Chia-Rong Chiang, Po-Hung Lai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, a face pose estimation (FPE) algorithm using active appearance model (AAM) with a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier is presented. AAM is a model-based image representation method used to describe non-rigid visual objects, with both shape and texture variations, using a mean vector and linear combinations of a set of variation modes. Since AAM is a deformable model, it has several variations. Owing to the variations, the model is adjusted to the input test face image using iterative searching and fitting. The error, which measures the difference between the model and a test image, is minimized with the …

Design Of A Chart-Based Radar Simulator Augmented With A Multi-Agent Ship Traffic Simulation Platform, Shwu-Jing Chang, Yu-Ting Lai, Chun-Mai Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a radar simulation system developed under a request to deliver a radar and an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) for the navigation bridge of a ship maneuvering simulator. It is designed to dynamically generate radar image based on the electronic navigational chart database and sensor information to provide flexibility in navigation area for exercise and maintain consistency with other sensors or systems of the bridge, especially the ECDIS. Since the successful delivery of our study, the radar simulation system has been augmented with a Multi-Agent Ship Traffic (MAST) simulation platform and evolved into a versatile …

Linear State Feedback Design For Surge Control Of Axial Flow Compressor Dynamics, Der-Cherng Liaw, Yun-Hua Huang, Wen-Ching Chung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Based on Moore and Greitzer’s model [15], the surge behavior of axial flow compression system was found to be attributed to the appearance of Andronov-Hopf bifurcationin [12]. In this paper, we focus on the design of control law to prevent and/or delay the occurrence of the bifurcations, which will then suppress the surge behavior. Both types of linear dynamic state feedback and linear washout filter controllers are proposed. The proposed washout design does not require the explicit knowledge of the operating point and keep the original equilibrium characteristic while the dynamic feedback design will change the equilibrium operating points for …

Dynamic Output Feedback Sliding Mode Controller Design For Chattering Avoidance, Jeang-Lin Chang, Jui-Che Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

For a class of linear MIMO uncertain systems, a dynamic output feedback sliding mode control algorithm that avoids the chattering problem and high gain control is proposed in this paper. Without using any differentiator, we develop a modified asymptotically stable second order sliding mode control law in which the developed controller can guarantee the finite time convergence to the sliding mode and the system states asymptotically approach to zero. Finally, a numerical example is explained for demonstrating the applicability of the proposed scheme.

Development Of A Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Simulation Platform, Dah-Jing Jwo, Jyun-Han Shih, Chia-Sheng Hsu, Kai-Lun Yu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) simulation platform. The numerical simulator solves the navigation equations in navigation frame where the quaternion vector is employed for attitude calculation. The measured quantities (angular body rates and specific force) are generated by the numerical simulator. The results are also confirmed with the navigation solutions given by a commercial inertial navigation system toolbox using the generated body angular rates and specific force of the SINS. The paper can provide the readers with further information for developing their own SINS simulation tools.

Wavelet Support Vector Machine For Face Recognition, Chen-Chia Chuang, Ping-Lun Liao, Jin-Tsong Jeng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper a tool system with wavelet support vector machine (WSVM) under dimension reduction for face recognition is proposed. Eigenfaces and fisherfaces are the major methods used to reduce the dimension of face images in the proposed face recognition tool system. At the same time, noise interference image cases, namely Gaussian noise, with no ears and no eyes are also considered in this paper. Finally, the implementation of proposed system is based on objectoriented design software; the dimension reduction and wavelet kernel support vector machine are applied to the proposed tool system that can deal with face recognition problems …

Mimo Transmission In Spatially Correlated Fading, Joy Iong-Zon Chen, Chi-Tsung Huang, Yu-Hsing Chien

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) system transmission over a channel characterized by spatially correlated fading is addressed in this article. Two scenarios that involved using well-known statistical fading distributions, correlatedRician and correlated-Nakagami-m fading, were deployed in analysis. The moment-generating function obtained using a stochastic process was applied to determine the ergodic, or average, channel capacity, thus by passing the difficulty traditionally associated with calculating the probability density function of the signal-to-noise ratio. The results of several numerical and Monte-Carlo comparisons are offered for validating the accuracy of the theoretically derived formulae. Furthermore, many plots were designed by combining different numbers of …

Global Localization Using Dead-Reckoning And Kinect Sensors For Robots With Omnidirectional Mecanum Wheels, Ching-Chih Tsai, Feng-Chun Tai, Yu-Cheng Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a low-cost global pose localization method using least-squares method and extended Kalman filter (EKF) for an anthropomorphous dual-arm mobile robot (ADAMR) driven by omnidirectional Mecanum wheels in indoor environments. This method is developed by fusing measurements from the KINECT sensor and four encoders mounted on the omnidirectional Mecanum wheels. The KINECT sensor is used to recognize landmarks in the working environments of the robot, and then obtain the azimuth angles and distances between these landmarks and the robot. Based on these measured information, a static global pose initialization algorithm using least-squares method is applied to estimate both …

A Particle Swarm Optimization-Like Algorithm For Constrained Minimal Spanning Tree Problems, Chun-Chao Yeh, Ying-Che Chien

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Previous studies have discussed various constrained minimal spanning tree (MST) problems. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for solving a class of constrained MST problems. The proposed PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)- like strategy for solving constrained MST problems identifies optimal MSTs under degree and delay constraints. The solution quality and computation time of the proposed PLCMST (PSO-Like algorithm for Constrained MST problems) algorithm is compared with two other algorithms: one based on ant colony optimization, and the other based on a genetic algorithm strategy. Our experimental results show that the PLCMST outperforms the other two approaches, particularly when …

A Wheeled Mobile Robot Path-Tracking System Based On Image Processing And Adaptive Cmac, Jih-Gau Juang, Ko-Jui Hsu, Chih-Min Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study entailed applying image-processing techniques and an intelligent control method to a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) for real-time trajectory recognition and tracking. The WMR was fitted with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to capture images of the environment, and the hue-saturationintensity color space was used to classify the color features of the captured images. The WMR calculates the relative position of a target object by using image-processing and edgedetection algorithms. This paper proposes a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) and adaptive CMAC to replace conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for guiding the WMR to track a desired path. Moreover, using …

The Development Of A Cost-Effective And Optimized Dp-Spiv System For Fluid Turbulence Researches, Yu-Chi Chang, Yi-Hung Chang, Yaw-Huei Lee, Yi-Chih Chow

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Turbulent flows and issues of turbulence modeling have long been intriguing and important in fluid researches and practices. The mean or instantaneous velocity gradient tensors with six independent components, or other tensorial variables involving gradients, play a key role in turbulence dynamics and models. The advancement of the knowledge of these parameters relies on measurement systems built on sophisticated flow diagnostic techniques that enable both detailed and complete measurements. However, such systems seem inevitably complicated to operate and costly to build and maintain. Therefore, we develop and optimize a dual-plane stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (DP-SPIV) system that is much more …

Numerical Modeling Of Wave-Induced Rotations Of A Bottom-Hinged Flapper With A Sph Model, Da-Wei Chen, Shiaw-Yih Tzang, Chih-Min Hsieh, Yi-Chih Chow, Jiahn-Horng Chen, Chen-Chou Lin, Robert Rong-Jiann Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model for simulating wave-induced rotations of a bottom-hinged flapper was established in a 2-D numerical wave flume. The simulated rotating angles illustrated that the flapper could swing back and forth following harmonic wave loadings. The simulations were also seen to be in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the applicability of the present numerical model. The simulated hydrodynamic behaviors at different phases showed that the flapper moved downstream under the wave crest and upstream under the wave trough following the elliptical form of water particle trajectory. The energy conversions of a flapper during …

Application Of Adaptive Variable Speed Back-Stepping Sliding Mode Controller For Pmlsm Position Control, Mei-Yung Chen, Jian-Shiun Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this research, an adaptive variable speed back-stepping sliding mode controller (AVSBSMC) is proposed to control the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) on high-precision positioning servo system platform. This controller combines the dynamic features of variable speed control (VSC) and the positioning characteristics of adaptive back-stepping sliding mode control (ABSMC). Firstly, the detailed dynamic machine model of PMLSM is established. Secondly, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and ABSMC controllers are proposed to compensate the uncertainties in position control. Then, the one provides the better servo performances is the position controller in the motor system. Thirdly, the variable speed controller (VSC) and …

Commodification Of The Female Egg: Stem Cell Technology And The Future, Rachel Ostander

North Carolina Central University Science & Intellectual Property Law Review

No abstract provided.

Viscosity Dependence Of Faraday Wave Formation Thresholds, Lisa M. Slaughter

Symposium

This experiment uses an electromagnetic shaker to produce standing wave patterns on the surface of a vertically oscillating sample of silicon liquid. These surface waves, known as Faraday waves, form shapes such as squares, lines, and hexagons. They are known to be dependent upon the frequency and amplitude of the forcing as well as on the viscosity and depth of the liquid in the dish. At a depth of 4mm and for various silicon liquids having kinematic viscosities of 10, 20, and 38 cSt, we determined the acceleration at which patterns form for frequencies between 10 and 60 Hz. For …

Load Securement And Packaging Methods To Reduce Risk Of Damage And Personal Injury For Cargo Freight In Truck, Container And Intermodal Shipments, Paul Singh, Jay Singh, John Antle, Erin Topper, G. Grewal

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

This paper is the fourth paper in a series of papers that analyzed results from a major damage assessment study that examined challenges products endure during shipping and handling in the mixed-load and less-than-truckload (LTL) logistics environments. The previous three papers are specific to various commodities, such as televisions, appliances, furniture, machinery, doors and windows, and paint products. These products are known to represent high levels of freight damage and corresponding claims to carriers. Products of different sizes and weights are loaded into trailers using various methods both mechanical and manual, by various algorithms to best weigh or cube out …

Where To Park? The East Campus Dilemma, Matthew Lewis

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

James Madison University's East Campus expansion has created parking problems. Student struggle to find a decent parking spot, sacrificing time to park and then perhaps more time to walk to class. This research project seeks answers to the parking problems on the east side of campus, specifically the Festival and Convocation lots. Should students spend time navigating the Festival lot looking for a spot or should they go directly to the Convocation lot? The data and research explain why the latter solution is much more efficient.

High Energy Battery Team Capstone Project Report, Evan Bowen, Brandon Cash, John Edinger, Matt Muller

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

James Madison University’s High Energy Battery Team was commissioned in Fall 2011 to conceptualize, design, prototype, test, and construct a high voltage, high amperage battery pack capable of powering an all-electric motorcycle at a speed of 70 miles per hour for a minimum of 150 miles. Key design goals were to minimize volume and weight and to maximize power output, reliability, and serviceability. This project report details the Team’s work to develop a battery “sub-pack” using 18650-type lithium ion cells which could be used (in a full-size battery pack) to power a future version of the motorcycle. The ultimate project …

Assessing Customer Service In Airports – Models From The Uae, Aman Gupta, Mohammed Arif, Phillip A. Richardson

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Customer service at airports has become a key priority for airport operators given the high degree of competitions. This paper uses an airport customer service model to analyze three examples from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Passenger interviews, statistical information, customer feedback and other forms of information have been utilized to learn more about the customer view on the quality of service offered at these three airports. Detailed qualitative analysis of these case studies has highlighted some key issues in the area of customer service and identifies some opportunities for improvement.

Effect Of 406 Mhz Elts And Cospas-Sarsat Cessation Of 121.5 Mhz Elt Monitoring On Search And Rescue Duration For General Aviation Aircraft Accidents In The Contiguous United States, Ryan J. Wallace, Todd P. Hubbard

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) are credited with saving hundreds of lives every year in the United States. Following an aircraft accident, these devices transmit an emergency beacon signal to the COSPAS-SARSAT satellite network, directing search and rescue forces to the crash site. In recent years, this constellation has been plagued by ELT false alarms, propagating a technology transition to new 406 MHz ELT systems. In 2009, the group ceased monitoring of 121.5 MHz ELTs, degrading search and rescue capability for legacy ELTs. The Federal Communications Commission twice attempted to enact regulations to mandate industry-wide transition to 406 MHz ELTs, however, …

Effects Of Temperature And Humidity On The Barrier Properties Of Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylene And Polyvinyl Alcohol Films, Chen Mo, Wang Yuan, Wang Lei, Yin Shijiu

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The goal of this work was to study the effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the barrier properties of biaxially-oriented polyvinyl alcohol (BOVLON) and polypropylene (BOPP) films. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the BOVLON and BOPP films were determined with MOCON PERMATRAN-W and MOCON OX-TRAN at 10℃-40℃ and 35%-90% RH. The results indicated that RH and temperature had different influence on the WVTR and OTR of the BOVLON and PP films. The OTR and WVTR values of the BOVLON films increase both exponentially with RH. Their WVTR values increase exponentially …