Engineering Commons^™

Analysis Of Grounding Accidents Caused By Human Error, Özkan Uğurlu, Umut Yıldırım, Ersan Başar

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Despite modern bridge equipment, new technologies, and improved safety measures, maritime accidents still occur, and an analysis of their causes is essential in preventing future accidents. Ship groundings are one of the more frequent types of accidents encountered, and this study examines the maritime accident reports issued for grounded ships between 1993 and 2011. These were sourced using the International Maritime Organization's Global Integrated Shipping Information System and the reports published by the countries and relevant institutions that investigated the accidents. The grounding accidents are analysed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the objective of this study is to act …

Corporate Social Responsibility And Performance: A Study Of A Chinese Industrial Development Zone, Chih-Chieh Chen, Yanxia Wang, Kuo-Chung Shang, Patricia Fosh, Chin-Shan Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study was exploratory in nature; it was one of the first to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions and firm performance in China. The authors undertook a questionnaire survey of firms located in the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone in Sichuan Province, China, in order to establish the link between managers' perception of their firms' adoption of corporate social responsibility and of their firm performance. Factor analysis demonstrated that the CSR activities or attributes adopted by firms could be grouped into three orientations: employee and consumer interests, community involvement, and disclosure. The 256 respondent firms were …

Numerical Modelling Of The Wave Propagation Close To The Sacalin Island In The Black Sea, Liliana Rusu, Dorin Butunoiu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The target area of the present work is the nearshore neighbouring the Sacalin Island in the Black Sea, right off the Danube Delta and close to the Saint George branch of the Danube River. Being a newly formed island, this is a very special coastal environment. Moreover, because it has a great variety of rare fauna, the area was declared as an ecological reserve. A multilevel wave modelling system, based on the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) spectral model, was focused on the target area. In the final computational domain, with the highest resolution in the geographical space, the effect of …

Key Navigation Safety Factors In Taiwanese Harbors And Surrounding Waters, Chien-Chang Chou, Yuh-Ling Su, Ren-Fu Li, Chaur-Luh Tsai, Ji-Feng Ding

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study investigated navigation safety in Taiwanese harbors and surrounding waters. The key factors that influence navigation safety were summarized by reviewing relevant literature and by interviewing experts. A questionnaire survey was used to assess the degree of importance of these different factors, including human, vessel, harbor traffic, and climatic and environmental factors. A factor analysis was used to design a systematic hierarchical structure for clustering these factors. This study suggests that duty officers can prevent maritime incidents from occurring by taking precautions against the various key factors identified here.

Evaluating The Efficiency Of Multisensor Satellite Data Fusion Based On The Accuracy Level Of Land Cover/Use Classification, Ashraf Sami Elkotb, Shih-Jen Huang, Chen-Chih Lin, Dong-Jiing Doong

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The term imagery fusion has been used to describe a variety of combining operations performed to increase the ground resolution of multispectral data. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the impact of different pixellevel fusion methods on the accuracy level of land cover/use classification. Panchromatic FORMOSAT-2 data and multispectral SPOT-6 data were considered, and Brovey, Ehlers, and principal component analysis (PCA) algorithms were used as pixel-level fusion algorithms. The improvement in the accuracy of the fused images relative to the original images was determined. The land cover/use categories were classified into five groups by using a …

Short Term Strategies For Solving A Variant Of Period Vehicle Routing Problem, Hsiu-Li Hsu, Ching-Wu Chu, Chao-Sheng Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A company faces a variant of Period Vehicle Routing Problem (PVRP). Because of seasonal fluctuation in demand, the company outsources delivery to avoid maintaining excess vehicles or facing vehicle shortages. Customer orders can be classified into two groups, those that must be satisfied within two days, and those that must be fulfilled within three days. Currently, the company satisfies most orders the next day based on experience rather than any formal system. The objective of the studied company is to satisfy all received orders and minimize monthly transportation costs. This study proposes two short term strategies for the studied company. …

The Design Of A Hull Form With The Minimum Total Resistance, Bao-Ji Zhang, Ai-Qin Miao

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In order to obtain a hull form which exhibits low resistance and highly-efficient energy-saving performance, the overall resistance should be calculated as the sum of wave-making and viscous resistance, in which the total resistance corresponds to the objective function whereas the hull geometry parameters correspond to design variables. Apart from considering the limited conditions due to appropriate displacement, we further ponder over the boundary-layer viscous separation caused by additional constraints. We then proceed to apply the Nonlinear Programming Method (NLP) to determine the hull form with the minimum total resistance. This paper aims to optimize the streamlined design of the …

Analysis Of The Dynamics Of A Floating Body With Thin Skirts By Using The Dual Boundary Element Method, Wen-Kai Weng, Ruey-Syan Shih, Duc-Tru Tran

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, a numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a novel floating structure with rigid skirts was conducted using the dual boundary element method. The thickness of the skirts mounted beneath the structure was negligible. A theoretical analysis was derived from linear wave theory, and a nonlinear drag term was added in the motion equation of the floating structure for improving the solution. This study investigated the effects of double vertical skirts on a free floating structure and verified the validity of the analysis by comparing the result with those of Gesraha (2006). The results showed that adding …

Design And Operation Of An Edge-Wall Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna With Ultralow Side Lobes For Application Of Off-Shore Radar, Ke-Ru Chou, Han-Nien Lin, Wei-Hsien Lu, Heng-Wen Chang, Kwong-Kau Tiong

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and operation of an edge-wall slotted waveguide array antenna with metal flare for the generation of ultralow side lobes fan-beam radiation. The single traveling wave array antenna consists of 71 radiating elements. The radiation pattern at the operating band was designed utilizing the Taylor’s aperture distribution to achieve an ultralow side lobe level (SLL) of -33 dB. The mathematical relationship between the slot characteristics and the conductance is evaluated by the least squared quadratic curve fitting procedure. Finite element method software is used to analyze the various antenna characteristics of the radiating slots, including …

Numerical Crashworthiness Analysis Of An Offshore Wind Turbine Jacket Impacted By A Ship, Hervé Le Sourne, Andres Barrera, Jose Babu Maliakel

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The objective of the present work is to understand the crushing behavior of a predefined wind turbine jacket when it is impacted by a ship. To investigate the resulting deformation modes and the repartition of dissipated energy, nonlinear finite element analyses are performed to simulate both rigid and deformable ships colliding the jacket at different velocities. In a first part, a sensitivity analysis to the jacket impacted area is carried out to find the most damaging situation. Then, the influences of gravity loads, wind force, and soil stiffness are studied, considering that the striking ship is rigid. In a second …

Criteria Of Sea Area Royalty For Port Transportation: Research And Application, Xiao-Hui Wang, Bo Peng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Criteria of sea area royalty for port transportation are important technical bases to operate marketization of sea. According to factors such as the geographic position of the sea, peripheral social-economic development status and environmental conditions, this paper establishes an evaluation index system of royalty criteria. It builds a calculation model of criteria of sea area royalty for port transportation using an interpolation method, collects relevant index data of 19 coastal areas (cities or districts) in Zhejiang Province and calculates the criteria for sea area use royalty of the Dinghai District. The results indicate that criteria of sea area royalty are …

Numerical Study Of Flow Past Two Counter Rotating Cylinders Using Immersed Boundary Method, Ming-Jyh Chern, Farida Rehmawati Purnadiana, Dedy Zulhidayat Noor, Tzyy-Leng Horng, Shiu-Wu Chau, Ernest Odhiambo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The adoption of a direct forcing immersed boundary numerical method on the uniform flow, at a moderate Reynolds number of 100, past a pair of two rotating circular cylinders placed side-by-side, is the core of the present study. A simplified yet novel approach is used to impose a virtual force as a source to the full incompressible two-dimensional NavierStokes equations, which are discretized by the finite volume method. The usage of a Cartesian grid that ensures minimal computational cost, is the salient feature of the applied immersed boundary approach. The gap between the two cylinders, and their rotational direction and …

Flow Characteristics Of Spilling And Plunging Breakers In The Surf Zone, Ting-Chieh Lin, Han-Lun Wu, Shih-Ming Lo, Shih-Chun Hsiao, Hwung-Hweng Hwung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Fundamental flow characteristics in the surf zone of spilling (SP) and plunging (PL) breakers are compared using a well-validated numerical model named COBRAS. The main objective is to investigate how beach slope affects flow characteristics (streamline topography, vorticity evolution processes, TKE dynamics and reverse flow) in the surf zone of plunging (PL) and spilling (SP) breakers. The major results are of four categories: (1) the streamline topography of PL waves is mostly similar to that of SP. For both types of breaker, a convergent stagnation point (CSP) always appears in the offshore direction after the generation of a divergent stagnation …

Time/Depth Dependent Diffusion-Covection Model Of Chloride With Transportation In Concrete Structures With Chloride-Binding Isotherms, Wen-Hu Tsao, Ming-Te Liang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Ion transport through a hydrated cement system often becomes a principal factor to degrade concrete in a chlorideladen environments. Based on the transport mechanism of chloride ion, an analytical solution of mathematical model for predicting chloride penetration into concrete structures was herein derived. The model consists of both the diffusion of chloride due to concentration gradient and the convection of chloride due to moisture transport. The model also depends on temperature, age, relative humidity, and chloride binding. Based on both the diffusion coefficient and the mean velocity with time/depth dependence, an analytical solution of the mathematical model developed by previous …

Effects Of The Shear Gaps On The Breakage Behavior Of Silty Sand Particle, Jing-Wen Chen, Bo-Rung Lin, Shun-Chieh Hsieh, Wei F. Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To determine the breakage behavior of soil particles on a sliding surface, which is subjected to high overburden stress, modified direct shear tests were conducted on silty sand collected from Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. The sliding surfaces of the soil was simulated using different shear gaps of the shear box in the tests. The behavior of the particle breakage and strength properties of the sand were investigated. The results indicated that finer soil particles exhibited a lower breakage potential and breakage amount of sand particles, whereas a higher void ratio tended to lead to a higher breakage potential and breakage amount. …

A Quantitative And Qualitative Multi-Criteria Evaluating Approach To Identify Priority For Location Developing Multimodal Logistic Modes, Kuo-Liang Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The main purpose of this paper is to empirically study the selection for developing multimodal logistic mode (M-LM) locations in Taiwan using the quantitative and qualitative multicriteria decision-making approach. Multinational corporations in the logistics arena were surveyed to collect factors and the priorities for location development for each type of M-LM using the fuzzy multiple criteria Q-analysis (MCQA) approach. It is suggested that each location has different competitive elements that support different types of M-LM. The findings show proposed locations for developing M-LM in Taiwan.

Rainfall-Induced Slope Landslide Pontential And Landslide Distribution Characteristics Assessment, Yung-Sheng Chue, Jing-Wan Chen, Yie-Ruey Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

According to observations over the few years before and after typhoon and extreme rainfall events in the Laonong catchment of Kaohsiung, Southern Taiwan, this study combined a genetic adaptive neural network architecture, image texture analysis, and a geographic information system (GIS) in satellite image interpretation and land use change analysis to obtain disaster records and surface information. A multivariate hazards evaluation method was applied to quantitatively analyze the weights of various natural environmental and slope development hazard factors. Furthermore, this study established a slope landslide potential assessment model and depicted a slope landslide potential diagram by using the GIS platform. …

Quantification Of Statistical Uncertainties In Performing The Peak Over Threshold Method, Yi Zhang, Yingyi Cao, Jian Dai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Peak over threshold (POT) method is frequently used in the modeling of extreme values in offshore engineering. In this paper, the POT method is examined in terms of epistemic uncertainties in practical usage. Real observed ocean data with specific considerations to extreme events are analyzed. In particular, the procedures including the use of de-clustering and threshold in POT method are addressed. A key element in the application of probability and statistical theories is the estimation of model parameters. The performance of these estimation methods is tested in the context of epistemic uncertainty. This is done through a numerical simulation study …

Analytical Model Of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Of Waste Lcd Glass Concrete, Chien-Chih Wang, Her-Yung Wang, Shyh-Haur Chen, Chi Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to establish a prediction model for the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of waste LCD glass concrete and then analyze the results obtained from a series of laboratory tests. The power function is used to perform the nonlinear-multivariate regression analysis of the UPV prediction model, with parameters such as water-binder ratio (w/b), curing age (t) and waste glass content (G). According to the relative regression analysis, the UPV prediction model is developed. The calculated results are in accord with the laboratory-measured data, which are the concrete UPV of various mix proportions. The regression analysis results …

Applying The Rasch Model To Construct The Shipping Industry Employability Indicators, Tzeu-Chen Han, Ti-Huei Li

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In recent years, with the increase of the unemployment rate, employability has become a popular issue for different industries, as it can enhance the employment rate for industries and project industrial growth. This study examines shipping-related industries using the Rasch model, to construct scientific evaluation items in relation to the professional techniques and skills of the shipping-related industries. It further validates whether the generalized employability in the shipping-related industries is needed. Research findings are reorganized as employability indicators of the shipping-related industries. The findings are expected to serve as references for the shipping industry to evaluate new employees and for …

A Sequential Multiple Packet Transmission Policy For Model-Based Networked Control Systems, Sheng-Hsiung Yang, Jenq-Lang Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper considers the stabilization of discrete-time modelbased networked control systems under a sequential multiple packet transmission policy. The dynamics of considered modelbased sequential multiple packet transmission NCSs are modeled as switched control systems. A sufficient condition for the existence of stabilizing controllers is derived by the switched Lyapunov function approach. Stabilizing networked feedback controllers can be obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities and equalities. A numerical example is proposed for verification.

Modified Atmosphere Packaging: A Progressive Technology For Shelf-Life Extension Of Fruits And Vegetables, Mahmoud Soltani, Reza Alimardani, Hossein Mobli, Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Packaging and storage are the final phases in the food industry. Quality preservation, improving safety and reduction of postharvest losses waste are some objectives of the packaging engineering. One of techniques that widely used in packaging of fruits and vegetables are modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In MAP for fresh fruits and vegetable the air of packaging headspace replaces with a predetermined atmospheric gases different in proportion from that of air. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are the main gases used in MAP for injection to the headspace of pack. The choice and ratio of gases are very dependent upon the …

Examining Unmanned Aerial System Threats & Defenses: A Conceptual Analysis, Ryan J. Wallace, Jon M. Loffi

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The integration of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into the already complex global aviation system presents new and unique hazards. While many studies have addressed the potential safety concerns of UAS integration, little research has been dedicated to the potential security implications. This study sought to identify potential uses and adaptations of civil UAS systems as weapons of terrorism or crime and potential UAS defenses. Researchers examined 68 academic studies, unclassified government reports, and news articles using Conceptual Analysis to systematically capture and categorize various threats. Using the collected data, researchers developed a UAS threat model for categorically evaluating potential threats. …

The Professional Constructor, Full Issue, Volume 39, Number 02

The Professional Constructor

No abstract provided.

Causes And Trends In Maintenance-Related Accidents In Faa-Certified Single Engine Piston Aircraft, Douglas Boyd, Alan Stolzer

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The accident rate for general aviation remains high. While most general aviation accident studies have been pilot-focused, there is little research on the involvement of aircraft maintenance errors. We undertook a study to answer this question.

The Microsoft Access database was queried for accidents occurring between 1989 and 2013 involving single engine piston airplanes operating under 14CFR Part 91. Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test, and Poisson probability were used in statistical analyses.

The rate of maintenance-related general aviation accidents was 4.3 per million flight hours for the 1989–1993 period and remained unchanged for the most recent period (2009–2013). Maintenance errors …

Elevated Test Pressure Significantly Reduces Dynamic Accumulation Oxygen Transmission Rate (Astm F3136) Measurement Time For Barrier Packaging Films, Bruce A. Welt

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Measurement of gas transmission rates of materials is important for successful package design. The dynamic accumulation (DA) method (ASTM F3136) is becoming increasingly popular for measuring oxygen transmission rate (OTR) due to its simplicity and low cost. However, measurement time increases with barrier properties of materials, limiting measurement throughput. A dynamic accumulation measurement prototype capable of operating up to 1,000 psig was developed in order to accelerate gas transfer by boosting concentration gradients via elevated absolute pressures. Results show that measurement results were independent of test pressure while measurement times were substantially reduced. These results also suggest that gas transmission …

Collaborative Partnership To Address Workforce Education In A Rural Region: A Case Study, Linda Stricklin, Raymond A. Dixon Ph.D., Laura Holyoke

Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development

Objective: This study examined factors contributing to the success of a rural workforce development collaborative initiative. Background: In 2011 a three year grant was successfully secured from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Advance Technology Education (ATE) program to address concerns of small and medium size manufacturing companies about the lack of skilled, entry level Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) technician employees from the region. Method: A case study inquiry was used to explore the success of this collaborative partnership from the perspective of individuals playing essential roles and generate a deep understanding of the characteristic of this particular collaborative …

Factors Affecting Dimensional Precision Of Consumer 3d Printing, David D. Hernandez

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This paper investigates the factors affecting dimensional precision of consumer-grade 3D printing, attempting to isolate and mitigate sources of error. The focus is on creating engineering prototypes of, tooling for, or finalized instances of mechanical devices. A specific fused deposition modeling printer – the Ultimaker 2 – is analyzed in terms of meeting precise physical dimensions, consistent shapes, and predictable surface finish. Extensive trial and error resulted in removal of several sources of bias, with square test articles exhibiting a lower-than-anticipated mean percentage error of -0.387% (SD = 0.559), a value comparable to other modern manufacturing techniques. A full …

The Study Of Plga Drug Delivery Systems: Implications For Management Of Crohn’S Disease, Christin Pramudiati

Kaleidoscope

The purpose of this research is to develop biodegradable drug delivery systems. One of the delivery systems that we have developed is a suture-like structure for the treatment of Crohn’s disease that utilizes a biodegradable polymer, poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) acid (PLGA). Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel condition. Aside from the gut involvement, perianal complications develop in the form of enterocutaneous fistulas. Medical management of Crohn’s disease consists of various drugs with immunosuppressive properties. Complicated disease manifestation requires surgical interventions in the form of bowel resection or fistula drainage with Setons. Setons are suture-like devices that help to drain associated abscesses and …

Lessons For Life, Story Musgrave

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

This piece explores the creation of character and talent through a wide diversity of education and experience.