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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Extension Of Multivariate Analyses To The Field Of Microbial Ecology, Vijay Shankar Jan 2016

Extension Of Multivariate Analyses To The Field Of Microbial Ecology, Vijay Shankar

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Ground-breaking advancements in molecular and analytical techniques in the past decade have enabled researchers to accumulate data at an extraordinary rate. Especially in the field of microbial ecology, the introduction of technologies such as high-throughput sequencing, quantitative microarrays, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry has led to the interrogation of diverse and previously unexplored microbial communities at unparalleled depth. Analysis and interpretation of patterns within datasets acquired with such high-throughput methods require powerful statistical approaches. A class of such techniques called multivariate statistical analyses is an excellent choice for analysis of complex microbiota-related datasets. This field of statistics is constantly …

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Thermoelectric Transport And Energy Conversion Using Novel 2d Materials, Luke J. Wirth Jan 2016

Thermoelectric Transport And Energy Conversion Using Novel 2d Materials, Luke J. Wirth

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Nanomaterials hold great promise for applications in thermal management and thermoelectric power generation. Defects in these are important as they are generally inevitably introduced during fabrication or intentionally engineered to control the properties of the nanomaterials. Here, we investigate how phonon-contributed thermal conductance in narrow graphene, boron nitride (BN), and silicene nanoribbons (NRs), responds to the presence of a vacancy defect and the corresponding geometric distortion, from first principles using the non-equilibrium Green's function method. Analyses are made of the geometries, phonon conductance coefficients, and local densities of states (LDOS) of pristine and defected nanoribbons. It is found that hydrogen …

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Intelligent Caching To Mitigate The Impact Of Web Robots On Web Servers, Howard Nathan Rude Jan 2016

Intelligent Caching To Mitigate The Impact Of Web Robots On Web Servers, Howard Nathan Rude

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With an ever increasing amount of data that is shared and posted on the Web, the desire and necessity to automatically glean this information has led to an increase in the sophistication and volume of software agents called web robots or crawlers. Recent measurements, including our own across the entire logs of Wright State University Web servers over the past two years, suggest that at least 60\% of all requests originate from robots rather than humans. Web robots display different statistical and behavioral patterns in their traffic compared to humans, yet present Web server optimizations presume that traffic exhibits predominantly …

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De-Anonymization Attack Anatomy And Analysis Of Ohio Nursing Workforce Data Anonymization, Jacob M. Miracle Jan 2016

De-Anonymization Attack Anatomy And Analysis Of Ohio Nursing Workforce Data Anonymization, Jacob M. Miracle

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Data generalization (anonymization) is a widely misunderstood technique for preserving individual privacy in non-interactive data publishing. Easily avoidable anonymization failures are still occurring 14 years after the discovery of basic techniques to protect against them. Identities of individuals in anonymized datasets are at risk of being disclosed by cyber attackers who exploit these failures. To demonstrate the importance of proper data anonymization we present three perspectives on data anonymization. First, we examine several de-anonymization attacks to formalize the anatomy used to conduct attacks on anonymous data. Second, we examine the vulnerabilities of an anonymous nursing workforce survey to convey how …

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Transient Analysis Of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/ Gas Turbine Hybrid System For Distributed Electric Propulsion, Venkata Adithya Chakravarthula Jan 2016

Transient Analysis Of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/ Gas Turbine Hybrid System For Distributed Electric Propulsion, Venkata Adithya Chakravarthula

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Gas turbine technology for aerospace applications are approaching limits in efficiency gains as increases in efficiency today occurs in very small increments. One limitation in conventional gas turbine technology is the combustion process, which destroys most of the exergy in the cycle. To address this limitation in a traditional Brayton power cycle, a hybrid system which is integrated with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and gas turbine is developed. Hybrid systems involving fuel cells have better efficiencies than conventional power generation systems. Power generation systems with improved performance from low fuel utilizations and low maintenance costs are possible. The combination …

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Characterization Of Peripheral Lung Lesions By Statistical Image Processing Of Endobronchial Ultrasound Images, Aaron T. Madaris Jan 2016

Characterization Of Peripheral Lung Lesions By Statistical Image Processing Of Endobronchial Ultrasound Images, Aaron T. Madaris

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This thesis introduces the concept of implementing greyscale analysis, also known as intensity analysis, on endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) images for the purposes of diagnosing peripheral lung tumors. The statistical methodology of using greyscale and histogram analysis allows the characterization of lung tissue in EBUS images. Regions of interest (ROI) will be analyzed in MATLAB and a feature vector will be created. A feature vector of first-order, second-order and histogram greyscale analysis will be created and used for the classification of malignant vs benign peripheral lung tumors. The tools that were implemented were MedCalc for the initial statistical analysis of receiver …

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Identifying Offensive Videos On Youtube, Rajeshwari Kandakatla Jan 2016

Identifying Offensive Videos On Youtube, Rajeshwari Kandakatla

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Harassment on social media has become a critical problem and social media content depicting harassment is becoming common place. Video-sharing websites such as YouTube contain content that may be offensive to certain community, insulting to certain religion, race etc., or make fun of disabilities. These videos can also provoke and promote altercations leading to online harassment of individuals and groups. In this thesis, we present a system that identifies offensive videos on YouTube. Our goal is to determine features that can be used to detect offensive videos efficiently and reliably. We conducted experiments using content and metadata available for each …

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Computer Graphics And Visualization Based Analysis And Record System For Hand Surgery And Therapy Practice, Venkatamanikanta Subrahmanyakartheek Gokavarapu Jan 2016

Computer Graphics And Visualization Based Analysis And Record System For Hand Surgery And Therapy Practice, Venkatamanikanta Subrahmanyakartheek Gokavarapu

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In this thesis, we have designed and developed a computer graphics and visualization based analysis and record system for hand surgery and therapy practice. In particular, we have designed and developed three novel technologies: (i) model-based data compression for hand motion records (ii) model-based surface area estimation of a human hand and (iii) an emulated study of hand wound area estimation. First, we have presented a new data compression technique to better address the needs of electronic health record systems, such as file storage and privacy. In our proposed approach, we will extract the patient's hand motion information and store …

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Evaluation Of Real-Time Adaptive Display Systems In A Pilot Training Environment, Jerred Charles Holt Jan 2016

Evaluation Of Real-Time Adaptive Display Systems In A Pilot Training Environment, Jerred Charles Holt

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The Air Force (AF) has traditionally utilized a frequency-based approach that relies on after-action review for feedback to train their pilots. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding real-time adaptive supplemental feedback to this approach. A synthetic task environment was developed to emulate the current AF training platform. Supplemental HUD displays were developed that captured various degrees of expertise at the flight task, thereby serving as a both training and performance aids. Varied presentation schedules for these supplemental displays and triggers for their dynamic behavior were compared and evaluated based on performance, knowledge and workload …

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Improving Anomaly Detection Through Identification Of Physiological Signatures Of Unconscious Awareness, Alyssa Marie Piasecki Jan 2016

Improving Anomaly Detection Through Identification Of Physiological Signatures Of Unconscious Awareness, Alyssa Marie Piasecki

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Missed anomalies have the potential to cause detrimental effects in the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) domain. One possible cause of these missed anomalies is that cognitive processing may not reach conscious awareness and may only be perceived by the unconscious mind. Identification of correlates of these unconscious processes could provide an insight into potential missed targets. The present study explored missed anomalies in a visual search task and the possibility of unconscious awareness. Eye metrics were recorded and a "Detection Threshold Model" was created and validated with a nominal logistic regression model, in order to characterize the search patterns …

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Private Record Linkage: A Comparison Of Selected Techniques For Name Matching, Pawel B. Grzebala Jan 2016

Private Record Linkage: A Comparison Of Selected Techniques For Name Matching, Pawel B. Grzebala

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The rise of Big Data Analytics has shown the utility of analyzing all aspects of a problem by bringing together disparate data sets. Efficient and accurate private record linkage algorithms are necessary to achieve this. However, records are often linked based on personally identifiable information, and protecting the privacy of individuals is critical. This work contributes to this field by studying an important component of the private record linkage problem: linking based on names while keeping those names encrypted, both on disk and in memory. We explore the applicability, accuracy, speed and security of three different primary approaches to this …

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Aircraft Thermal Management Using Liquefied Natural Gas, Sean Robert Nuzum Jan 2016

Aircraft Thermal Management Using Liquefied Natural Gas, Sean Robert Nuzum

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Many technological advances are expected to increase the capabilities of the future aircraft, both civilian and military. These improvements come in many forms such as new wing or fuselage shapes to improve lift or decrease drag. Other improvements are internal. One of these areas is the inclusion of advanced electronic systems for various roles. These changes affect a wide range of aircraft systems including, but not limited to avionics, power generation and thermal management. While these modifications promise to increase aircraft capabilities such as its range, payload or other key performance parameters, there are some significant drawbacks. One drawback is …

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Hybrid Particle Image Velocimetry With The Combination Of Cross-Correlation And Optical Flow Method, Mark Bradley Johnson Jan 2016

Hybrid Particle Image Velocimetry With The Combination Of Cross-Correlation And Optical Flow Method, Mark Bradley Johnson

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Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been of relevant discussions lately as the equipment used to obtain temporally and spatially resolved flow fields have advanced rapidly. Despite these advancements, the accuracy of evaluating these images have yet to exceed expectations. Current techniques typically utilize one method, either correlation based (frequently) or optical flow (non-frequently), and both are vulnerable to specific conditions incorporated in the PIV images. Only through the combination of two methods, cross correlation and optical flow, can a technique benefit from the strengths of each method while concealing the flaws each individual method contains. The Hybrid Particle Image Velocimetry …

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Dynamic Level-2 Cache Memory Locking By Utilizing Multiple Miss Tables, Andrew Louis Mocniak Jan 2016

Dynamic Level-2 Cache Memory Locking By Utilizing Multiple Miss Tables, Andrew Louis Mocniak

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Cache memory plays a vital role in a system's performance by acting as a buffer to quickly supply requested instruction/data blocks from the main memory to the central processing unit (CPU). Cache management techniques may increase or decrease a system's performance. The results vary from process to process, depending on how well optimized the cache management technique is for a particular process. The inclusion of level-2 (L2) cache locking has been shown in previous studies to be beneficial in increasing a system's performance. This is further improved upon through the inclusion of a miss table (MT), which keeps track of …

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A Stochastic Petri Net Based Nlu Scheme For Technical Documents Understanding, Adamantia Psarologou Jan 2016

A Stochastic Petri Net Based Nlu Scheme For Technical Documents Understanding, Adamantia Psarologou

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Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a very old research field, which deals with machine reading comprehension. Despite the many years of work and the numerous accomplishments by several researchers in the field, there is still place for significant improvements. Here, our goal is to develop a novel NLU methodology for detecting and extracting event/action associations in technical documents. In order to achieve this goal we present a synergy of methods (Kernel extraction, Formal Language Modeling, Stochastic Petri-nets (SPN) mapping and Event Representation via SPN graph synthesis). In particular, the basic meaning of a natural language sentence is given by its …

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An Adapted Approach To Process Mapping Across Alloy Systems And Additive Manufacturing Processes, Luke Charles Sheridan Jan 2016

An Adapted Approach To Process Mapping Across Alloy Systems And Additive Manufacturing Processes, Luke Charles Sheridan

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The continually growing market for metal components fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) processes has called for a greater understanding of the effects of process variables on the melt pool geometry and microstructure in manufactured components for various alloy systems. Process Mapping is a general approach that traces the influence of process parameters to thermal behavior and feature development during AM processing. Previous work has focused mainly on Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), but this work uses novel mathematical derivations and adapted process mapping methodologies to construct new geometric, thermal, and microstructural process maps for Ti64 and two nickel superalloy material systems. This work …

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Quantifying Amorphous Content Of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers, Ian Mark Wolford Jan 2016

Quantifying Amorphous Content Of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers, Ian Mark Wolford

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SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with potential applications at =2700°F (1482°C) are of significant interest to the Air Force. The high temperature performance of SiC fibers used within these composites is greatly affected by the presence of amorphous SiOC and free carbon in the fibers. Therefore quantification of this non SiC material in commercially available SiC fibers is extremely important. In this work Hi Nicalon, Hi-Nicalon Type-S, Tyranno-SA3, Cef-NITE, and Sylramic SiC fibers were studied. Changes in mass, grain size, and amorphous content were measured as a function of processing temperature and time. The amorphous material in each fiber was …

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Mining And Analyzing Subjective Experiences In User Generated Content, Lu Chen Jan 2016

Mining And Analyzing Subjective Experiences In User Generated Content, Lu Chen

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Web 2.0 and social media enable people to create, share and discover information instantly anywhere, anytime. A great amount of this information is subjective information -- the information about people's subjective experiences, ranging from feelings of what is happening in our daily lives to opinions on a wide variety of topics. Subjective information is useful to individuals, businesses, and government agencies to support decision making in areas such as product purchase, marketing strategy, and policy making. However, much useful subjective information is buried in ever-growing user generated data on social media platforms, it is still difficult to extract high quality …

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1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He Jan 2016

1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He

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In analog signal processing the squaring circuit represents the core for implementing an analog signal having a value representing the square of the input signal. For example, calculating the square of input signal is necessary in adaptive processing of an input signal based on its instantaneous root mean square value. In this thesis, a new 1-Ghz analog signal squaring circuit (squarer) designed in 180 nanometer CMOS process is presented. It is implemented by CMOS components including current source, current mirror, differential amplifier, low-pass filter, and voltage output buffer. A gain control amplifier and a 10-bit ADC are set up to …

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Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman Jan 2016

Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman

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Motion planning and control of a differential drive robot in a supervised environment is presented in this thesis. Differential drive robot is a mobile robot with two driving wheels in which the overall velocity is split between left and right wheels. Kinematic equations are derived and implemented in Simulink to observe the theoretical working principle of the robot. A proportional controller is designed to control the motion of the robot, which is later implemented on a physical robot. Combination of linear velocity and orientation generates individual wheel velocities which are sent to the robot by wireless communication for its motion. …

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Computer Modeling Of A Solar Thermal System For Space Heating, Dhananjay D. Deshpande Jan 2016

Computer Modeling Of A Solar Thermal System For Space Heating, Dhananjay D. Deshpande

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Most applications of flat plate, low-temperature solar thermal panels are for water heating, such as producing domestic hot water or raising the temperature of swimming pools. This is reasonable given that the large masses of water present in these systems inherently provide built-in thermal energy storage so that a separate energy storage tank does not have to be purchased. For a space heating system, extra thermal energy storage generally has to be purchased and is a detriment to the economics of these systems. Despite the economic drawbacks of solar thermal space heating, this thesis focuses on the size of thermal …

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Designing And Simulation Of Various Class-F Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier, Varun Pundhir Jan 2016

Designing And Simulation Of Various Class-F Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier, Varun Pundhir

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In this thesis, the various kinds of Class-F radio frequency power amplifiers are discussed. The Class-F3 RFPA is the one which has been designed and analyzed. It consists of an RF choke, blocking capacitor and a loading network. The loading network consists of a tank circuit resonating at fundamental operating frequency and also a parallel resonator circuit tuned to third harmonic. For a better understanding of the operation of Class-F3 amplifier, we go back to Class-C amplifier and discuss it briefly. Here the design remains same, operating at conduction angles less than 180 degree. The design equations were used to …

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Novel Therapeutic Approach For Regulating The Susceptibility Of Epitheliato Adenovirus Infection, Mahmoud Soliman Salem Alghamri Jan 2016

Novel Therapeutic Approach For Regulating The Susceptibility Of Epitheliato Adenovirus Infection, Mahmoud Soliman Salem Alghamri

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Human Adenoviruses (AdVs) are etiologic agents for respiratory tract, digestive tract, heart, and eye infections. Although most AdV infections are self-resolving, some infections progress to acute respiratory disease with up to 50% mortality, particularly in immunosuppressed people. Except for vaccines for serotypes, 4 and 7, serotypes that are prevalent in the military, no vaccines or therapeutics that specifically prevent or treat AdV infection exist. On the other hand, AdV remains the most common vector system used in gene therapy clinical trials worldwide and several AdV vectors show promise in phase III clinical trials. The majority of AdVs use the coxsackievirus …

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Modeling Effects Of Diet On Human Gut Microbiota, Richard Thomas Agans Jan 2016

Modeling Effects Of Diet On Human Gut Microbiota, Richard Thomas Agans

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The human gut microbiota is integrally involved in the metabolism of nutrients contained within the human diet. Studies into human nutrition have primarily been carried out using human and animal models. These studies are extremely important in our understanding of human nutrition, however, suffer from inherent limitations including unique microbial compositions between individuals, compliance in human studies, inability to carry out mechanistic studies, and inability to interrogate proximal regions of the gut without applying invasive techniques. In vitro gut simulator systems circumvent many of these limitations in animal and human models by allowing control of gut environmental conditions, decreasing variability …

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A Functional Analysis Of The 3’ Regulatory Region Of The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene, Andrew David Snyder Jan 2016

A Functional Analysis Of The 3’ Regulatory Region Of The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene, Andrew David Snyder

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The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus is partially responsible for immunoglobulin (Ig) production in B cells. The human IGH locus contains two 3’ regulatory regions (3’IghRR) that each contain three enhancers, which are thought to help drive overall transcription of the locus and also influence class switching to alternative Ig isotypes. The hs1.2 enhancer within the 3’IghRR is polymorphic in humans, containing a 53 bp invariant sequence (IS) that can be repeated up to four times. In vitro, the human hs1.2 enhancer is a sensitive target of exogenous chemicals, particularly 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin), a potent inhibitor of Ig expression …

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The Role Of Interleukin-2 In Directing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function And Its Implications For Understanding The Progression Of Atherosclerosis, Prakash Arumugam Jan 2016

The Role Of Interleukin-2 In Directing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function And Its Implications For Understanding The Progression Of Atherosclerosis, Prakash Arumugam

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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature leading to the development of plaques within vessel walls. A critical component of atherosclerosis involves migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the developing plaque, however, its mechanism is not yet understood. Previous studies have reported that IL-2 is deposited within the vasculature and IL-2 accumulates within atherosclerotic plaques due to secretion by infiltrating Th-1 cells. A limited number of studies suggest that VSMCs express a partial IL-2 receptor, comprising the ß and ¿ subunit. This suggests that IL-2 may elicit a physiological response in VSMCs. Considering IL-2’s proliferative …

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Interaction Of Due-B And Treslin During The Initiation Of Dna Replication, Sumeet Poudel Jan 2016

Interaction Of Due-B And Treslin During The Initiation Of Dna Replication, Sumeet Poudel

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The initiation of DNA replication is a highly regulated and coordinated process. To ensure that the entire genome is replicated only once per cell cycle, many replication proteins are assembled on the chromatin in a step-wise and cell cycle dependent manner. This process is controlled by interaction of replication proteins, post-translational modifications of the replication factors, control of cellular localization of the proteins, or replication factor degradation after their function terminates. Two kinases, CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) and DDK (Dbf4/Drf1 dependent kinase), play important roles during the initiation stage of DNA replication. The c-myc DNA unwinding element-binding protein (DUE-B) is …

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Electrical Characterization And Applications Of Supercapacitors, Avinash Lanka Jan 2016

Electrical Characterization And Applications Of Supercapacitors, Avinash Lanka

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Supercapacitors have become reliable energy sources in a wide variety of applications such as automobiles, portable electronics, recreational sports equipment, medical equipment, aerospace power supplies, etc. Typically, these are electrochemical capacitors with high values of capacitance (tens or hundreds of farads) and possess the characteristics of both traditional electrolytic capacitors and batteries. They are also known as Ultra-capacitors or Electrical Double Layer Capacitors. They work on the principle of electrical double layer for charge storage. Supercapacitor have a much higher energy and power stored per unit volume over conventional capacitors. They also exhibit longer shelf life and cycle life over …

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Comparison Of Vascular Pulsatility In The Native Beating Heart Versus Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation Support Of The Fibrillating Heart, Nathan Victor Wright Jan 2016

Comparison Of Vascular Pulsatility In The Native Beating Heart Versus Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation Support Of The Fibrillating Heart, Nathan Victor Wright

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Most conventional cardiac assist devices today employ continuous flow blood pumps to supplement function in the dysfunctional heart. Continuous flow pumps are predominantly preferred to the original pulsatile pumps due to the smaller size (greater implantability) and higher efficiency they achieve. However, interest in the impact of vascular pulsatility on human health has arisen from the growing evidence of higher complications with nonpulsatile devices compared to pulsatile devices. Direct cardiac compression (DCC) offers a unique solution to the pulsatility issue through the application of force directly to the heart's surface. It is believed that employing the existing pump architecture of …

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Mixed Modulation For Remote Sensing With Embedded Navigation, Michael J. Nowak Jan 2016

Mixed Modulation For Remote Sensing With Embedded Navigation, Michael J. Nowak

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As electromagnetic spectrum availability shrinks, there is growing interest in combining multiple functions, such as radar and communications signals, into a single multipurpose waveform. Historically mixed-modulation has used orthogonal separation of different message signals in different dimensions such as time or frequency. This research explores an alternative approach of implementing an in-band, mixed-modulated waveform that combines surveillance radar and navigation functions into a single signal and demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for a limited area navigation solution. The first contribution of this research is the use of reduced phase-angle binary phase shift keying (BPSK) along with overlapped (channelized) spread-spectrum …

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