Engineering Commons^™

On The Discovery Of Social Roles In Large Scale Social Systems, Derek Doran

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The social role of a participant in a social system is a label conceptualizing the circumstances under which she interacts within it. They may be used as a theoretical tool that explains why and how users participate in an online social system. Social role analysis also serves practical purposes, such as reducing the structure of complex systems to relationships among roles rather than alters, and enabling a comparison of social systems that emerge in similar contexts. This article presents a data-driven approach for the discovery of social roles in large scale social systems. Motivated by an analysis of the present …

Flight Physician - November, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

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A twenty-one page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

The Effect Of A Reversible Shear Transformation On Plastic Deformation Of An Amorphous Solid, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the plastic response of a model glass to a local shear transformation in a quiescent system. The deformation of the material is induced by a spherical inclusion that is gradually strained into an ellipsoid of the same volume and then reverted back into the sphere. We show that the number of cage-breaking events increases with increasing strain amplitude of the shear transformation. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the density of cage jumps is larger in the cases of weak damping or slow shear transformation. Remarkably, we also found that, for a …

Analysis Of A Clinically Failed, Mechanically Intact, Reconstructive Compression Plate, Bharadwaj Cheruvu, Sunil Karmacharya, Richard T. Laughlin, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

A reconstructive orthopedic bone plate was submitted for analysis. Traditional failure analysis methods were used to assess the mode of the plate failure. Metallographic investigation of the plate was carried out in this report. Since limited data was available in the literature and clinical data related to subject demography, date of removal as well as reasons for removal unknown, in depth analysis was not possible. However, the plate was received in in-tact condition with minor biological deposits and scratches, it is speculated that the failure of the plate may have been due to biological/clinical reasons, likely infection, rejecting the device …

Stay Awhile And Listen: User Interactions In A Crowdsourced Platform Offering Emotional Support, Derek Doran, Samir P. Yelne, Luisa Massari, Maria-Carla Calzarossa, Latrelle D. Jackson, Glen Moriarty

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Internet and online-based social systems are rising as the dominant mode of communication in society. However, the public or semi-private environment under which most online communications operate under do not make them suitable channels for speaking with others about personal or emotional problems. This has led to the emergence of online platforms for emotional support offering free, anonymous, and confidential conversations with live listeners. Yet very little is known about the way these platforms are utilized, and if their features and design foster strong user engagement. This paper explores the utilization and the interaction features of hundreds of thousands of …

Velaglucerase Alfa (Vpriv) Enzyme Replacement Therapy In Patients With Gaucher Disease: Long-Term Data From Phase Iii Clinical Trials, Derralynn A. Hughes, Derlis Gonzalez, Elena A. Lukina, Atul Mehta, Madhulika Kabra, Deborah Elstein, Isaac Kisinovsky, Pilar Giraldo, Ashish Bavdekar, Thomas N. Hangartner, Nan Wang, Eric Crombez, Ari Zimran

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Type 1 Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal enzyme deficiency with variable age of symptom onset. Common presenting signs include thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone abnormalities, and, additionally in children, growth failure. Fifty-seven patients aged 3–62 years at the baseline of two phase III trials for velaglucerase alfa treatment were enrolled in the single extension study. In the extension, they received every-other-week velaglucerase alfa intravenous infusions for 1.2–4.8 years at 60 U/kg, although 10 patients experienced dose reduction. No patient experienced a drug-related serious adverse event or withdrew due to an adverse event. One patient died following a convulsion that was …

Safety And Efficacy Results Of Switch From Imiglucerase To Velaglucerase Alfa Treatment In Patients With Type 1 Gaucher Disease, Deborah Elstein, Atul Mehta, Derralynn A. Hughes, Pilar Giraldo, Joel Charrow, Laurie Smith, Suma P. Shankar, Thomas N. Hangartner, Yune Kunes, Nan Wang, Eric Crombez, Ari Zimran

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder; symptomatic patients with type 1 GD need long-term disease-specific therapy of which the standard of care has been enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Thirty-eight of 40 patients (aged 9–71 years) clinically stable on ERT with imiglucerase, safely switched to a comparable dose of velaglucerase alfa (units/kg) during TKT034, a 12-month, open-label clinical study, and for 10–50 months in an extension study. The most common adverse events (AEs) judged to be drug-related in the extension were fatigue and bone pain. No drug-related serious AEs were reported. No AEs led to study withdrawal. At 24 …

Diffusion Of A Janus Nanoparticle In An Explicit Solvent: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study, Ali Kharazmi, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the translational and rotational diffusion of a single Janus particle immersed in a dense Lennard-Jones fluid. We consider a spherical particle with two hemispheres of different wettabilities. The analysis of the particle dynamics is based on the time-dependent orientation tensor, particle displacement, as well as the translational and angular velocity autocorrelation functions. It was found that both translational and rotational diffusion coefficients increase with decreasing surface energy at the nonwetting hemisphere, provided that the wettability of the other hemisphere remains unchanged. We also observed that in contrast to homogeneous particles, the nonwetting …

Toe Joint Replacement Models, Tarun Goswami, Allison L. Van Horn, Alexander O. Sheets

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

In various embodiments, provided are implantable devices for replacing all or a portion of a metatarsophalangeal joint, comprising (i) a metatarsal component comprising a Substan tially convex bearing Surface; or (ii) a phalanx component comprising a Substantially concave bearing Surface; or (iii) both. In various embodiments, also provided are methods of treating hallux Valgus by replacing all or a portion of a meta tarsophalangeal joint with one or more of the provided implantable devices.

Flight Physician - May, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

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A seventeen page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

Where Do We Develop? Discovering Regions For Urban Investment In Senegal, Derek Doran, Andrew Fox, Veena Mendiratta

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The rate of urbanization in developing countries, defined as the speed with which a population shifts from rural to urban areas, is among the highest in the world. The disproportionate number of citizens that live in a small numbers of cities places incredible pressure on the largest cities in these countries, which may already be faced with limited resources, weak industrialization, and underdeveloped infrastructures. Urban planning researchers as well as policy makers have suggested that governments in developing countries make capital investments within and surrounding smaller cities to attract citizens away from large urban centers, thereby lowering the pressure placed …

Oculomotor Neurocircuitry, A Structural Connectivity Study Of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome, Nasser H. Kashou, Angelica R. Zampini

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS) is one of the leading causes of significant vision loss in children and affects about 1 in 1000 to 6000 births. In the present study, we are the first to investigate the structural pathways of patients and controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Specifically, three female INS patients from the same family were scanned, two sisters and a mother. Six regions of interest (ROIs) were created manually to analyze the number of tracks. Additionally, three ROI masks were analyzed using TBSS (Tract-Based Spatial Statistics). The number of fiber tracks was reduced in INS subjects, compared to …

Wright State University's Celebration Of Research, Scholarship And Creative Activities Book Of Abstracts From Friday, April 10, 2015, Wright State University Office Of Undergraduate Research And Stemm Activities

Symposium of Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's fifth annual Celebration of Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities on April 10, 2015.

Plastic Deformation Of A Model Glass Induced By A Local Shear Transformation, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of a local shear transformation on plastic deformation of a three-dimensional amorphous solid is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a spherical inclusion, which is gradually transformed into an ellipsoid of the same volume and then converted back into the sphere. It is shown that at sufficiently large strain amplitudes, the deformation of the material involves localized plastic events that are identified based on the relative displacement of atoms before and after the shear transformation. We find that the density profiles of cage jumps decay away from the inclusion, which correlates well with the radial dependence of …

Compensatory Enlargement Of Ossabaw Miniature Swine Coronary Arteries In Diffuse Atherosclerosis, Jenny Susana Choy, Tong Luo, Yunlong Huo, Thomas Wischgoll, Kyle Schultz, Shawn D. Teague, Michael Sturek, Ghassan S. Kassab

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Studies in human and non-human primates have confirmed the compensatory enlargement or positive remodeling (Glagov phenomenon) of coronary vessels in the presence of focal stenosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document arterial enlargement in a metabolic syndrome animal model with diffuse coronary artery disease (DCAD) in the absence of severe focal stenosis. Two different groups of Ossabaw miniature pigs were fed a high fat atherogenic diet for 4 months (Group I) and 12 months (Group II), respectively. Group I (6 pigs) underwent contrast enhanced computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at baseline and after …

Flight Physician - March, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

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An eleven page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

A Probabilistic Fracture Assessment Of Vertebral Cortical Bone, Tarun Goswami, Isaac Mabe

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Cortical bone is a material with a porous structure. The presence of pores creates local stress concentrations and the likelihood of premature failure. Assuming that pores are present in all bone, vertebral endplates, for example, can subside. Subsidence has taken place at rates as high as 77 percent. A computational probabilistic assessment of the pore size distribution and their contribution to the fracture toughness has been presented in this paper. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to develop and assign random pores. Also the model compared crack sizes to the thickness of the cortical bone present as a limiting case. …

Performance Prediction Of Quantization Based Automatic Target Recognition Algorithms, Matthew Steven Horvath

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The difficulty of designing automatic target recognition (ATR) systems is that there are many sources of potential variation in the data, often referred to as operating conditions (OCs). Typical evaluation methodologies rely on empirical simulations on fixed datasets, where it can be difficult to fully sample the variations the algorithm will see in application. Here we focus on analytic performance prediction approaches to quantization based algorithms where the sources of variation are assumed conditionally independent. We have focused on three algorithms in particular: multinomial pattern matching (MPM), quantized grayscale matching (QGM), and a quantized mean-squared error approach (QMSE). The first …

Design Of A Novel Low - Cost, Portable, 3d Ultrasound System With Extended Imaging Capabilities For Point-Of-Care Applications, Michail Tsakalakis

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Ultrasound Imaging (USI) or Medical Sonography (MS), as it is formally called, has been widely used in biomedical applications over the last decades. USI can provide clinicians with a thorough view of the internal parts of the human body, making use of sound waves of higher frequencies than humans can perceive. USI systems are considered highly portable and of low-cost, compared to other imaging modalities. However, despite those advantages, Ultrasound Systems (US) and especially 3D ones, have not been yet extensively utilized for Point-of-Care (POC) applications, due to numerous restrictions and artifacts that they currently present.

Hardware complexity and real-time …

A Reconfigurable Spice-Based Cmos Lna Design In 90 Nm Technology Using Ads Rfic Dynamic Link, Pushpak Vasanth Rayudu Arja

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In this thesis, a reconfigurable dual band CMOS LNA with a switching-type circuit topology is proposed. The reconfigurable dual-band LNA can be tuned to operating fre- quency of either 1.575 GHz for global positioning system (GPS) or 2.4GHz for WLAN 802.11b standards. The simulated results performed power gain of 11.2 dB and 12.4 dB, noise figure of 3.4 dB and 2.9 dB, input return loss(S11) of -25.26 dB and-21.4 dB, third- order input intercept point of -3.12 dBm and -2.137 dBm and the design dissipates 8.9 mW and 4.68 mW of power at 1.2 V power supply at the two …

Vitamin D Receptor And 1Α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Mediated Regulation Of Δnp63Α, Hill Tremayne Natasha

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1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), the ligand for the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), functions to both inhibit cell growth and promote cell survival. High-dose VD3 is being utilized as a cancer preventive therapy for melanoma, breast and colorectal cancers, without a complete understanding of VD3/VDR signaling. DeltaNp63alpha, considered to be a proto-oncogene, is overexpressed in non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), induces VDR gene expression and promotes keratinocyte proliferation, and may serve to exacerbate non-melanoma skin cancer. The objective of this dissertation was to determine whether VDR/VD3 signaling promotes keratinocyte proliferation by up-regulating DeltaNp63alpha. I showed that VDR increases DeltaNp63alpha expression at both …

A Computational Study Of A Photovoltaic Compound Parabolic Concentrator, William M. Vance

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Routines have been written and added to the Wright State developed solar system simulation program called Solar_PVHFC to model incident solar radiation for a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) that uses solar panels (photovoltaic panels) to produce electrical energy. Solar_PVHFC is a program that models a solar energy system composed of solar panels to produce electricity from the sun, hydrogen storage tanks to chemically store the energy produced by the solar panels, and fuel cells to convert between electrical and chemical energy when required. Solar_PVHFC features several adjustable parameters to model a solar panel, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell system. Now …

Finite Element Analysis Of System-Level Electronic Packages For Space Applications, Adrien Lambert, Ahsan Mian, Justin Hogan, Todd Kaiser, Brock Lameres

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Thermal analysis was required in order to aid in the design and testing of a radiation tolerant computing (RTC) system using a radiation sensor. During development of the system, different test beds were employed in order to characterize the radiation sensor and its supporting electronic systems. The most common preliminary tests are high altitude balloon tests which allow the sensor to experience cosmic radiation at high altitudes, consistent with space flight operations. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate primary system architecture, system support structures, and the flight payload in order to determine if the system …

Multifunctional Nanomaterials For Biomedical Engineering: Unique Properties, Fabrications, And Diverse Applications, Jen-Jie Chieh, Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay, Yali Cui

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Nanomaterials possess many unique properties useful for biomedical applications ranging from preoperative and intraoperative imaging to coatings, assays, and cell scaffolds. Their popularity and production value are full of competitiveness. Their related methodologies and instruments are also created or emphasized as the mainstream. Since multifunctional nanomaterials attract interests and attention of researchers, engineers, and businessmen in biomedical engineering, this journal is set up to publish a special issue devoted to this topic. The result is a collection of five original research articles, whose authors belong to academic or research institutions of five different countries from Asia, Europe, and America. Papers …

Measuring Pulse Rate Variability During Motion Artifact With A Non-Contact, Multi-Imager Photoplethysmography System, Zachary Adam Kiehl

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Non-contact imaging photoplethysmography is an exciting new field based on the principles of traditional photoplethysmography where viable signals can now be acquired without the use of contact equipment. Recent advances regarding non-contact imaging photoplethysmography have permitted a wide range of new possibilities focused on sensing the cardiopulmonary system. Physiological metrics such as pulse rate, respiration rate, and pulse rate variability can be obtained by current photoplethysmographic imaging methods. Although previous systems were challenged by head-motion artifacts, the mitigation of rigid head-motion artifacts has been demonstrated with a multi-imager design. This study investigated the feasibility and accuracy of pulse rate variability …

Neural Correlates Of Convergence Eye Movements In Convergence Insufficiency Patients Vs Normal Binocular Vision Controls: An Fmri Study, Chirag Bharatkumar Limbachia

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Convergence Insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder, characterized by reduced ability of performing convergence eye movements. Absence of convergence causes, eye strain, blurred vision, doubled vision, headaches, and difficulty reading due frequent loss of place. These symptoms commonly occur during near work. The purpose of this study was to quantify neural correlates associated with convergence eye movements in convergence insufficient (CI) patients vs. normal binocular vision (NBV) controls, and to examine statistical differences between them. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were collected using a 3T Siemens scanner. A disparity-driven convergence task was designed using a standard block design approach, …

High Power Pulsed Terahertz Light Generation From Superconducting Antenna Arrays, Nicholas C. Padgett, Stephanie R. Lake, Jason A. Deibel, T. Bullard, D. Latypov, J. Patel, J. Murphy, J. Bulmer, W. Tang, M. Sebastian, Timothy J. Haugan

Symposium of Student Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Terahertz radiation is invaluable in spectroscopy and imaging due to its nondestructive nature. It has become a key focus for those wishing to develop sensors capable of detecting weapons and narcotics unobtrusively and at a distance. An ultrafast pulsed (femtoseconds) laser incident on a superconducting ring causes the emission of terahertz (THz) radiation. It is theorized that the radiation is a result of the supercurrent being modulated by the breaking and recombining of Cooper pairs on the order of picoseconds, where the time scale determines the frequency of the emitted radiation. We propose to investigate the terahertz emission from Yttrium …

A Workload Balanced Mapreduce Framework On Gpu Platforms, Yue Zhang

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The MapReduce framework is a programming model proposed by Google to process large datasets. It is an efficient framework that can be used in many areas, such as social network, scientific research, electronic business, etc. Hence, more and more MapReduce frameworks are implemented on different platforms, including Phoenix (based on multicore CPU), MapCG (based on GPU), and StreamMR (based on GPU). However, these MapReduce frameworks have limitations, and they cannot handle the collision problem in the map phase, and the unbalanced workload problems in the reduce phase. To improve the performance of the MapReduce framework on GPGPUs, in this thesis, …

Split Ring Resonator Design For Agricultural Based Applications, Joshua David Compaleo

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Recent advances with manufactured electromagnetic materials known as metamaterials are paving the way to use microwave technology in agricultural development and harvesting. It has been proposed that split ring resonators could be placed on the surface of fruit or vegetables such that the resonant behavior may be monitored and used to estimate the ripeness level. The method is non-destructive and could enable monitoring of large quantities of produce or even be tailored to hand-held devices for consumers. However, the understanding of corresponding changes in the proposed device's resonant behaviors and ripeness levels are limited. In addition, fruit and vegetables are …

Strain-Induced Energy Band-Gap Opening Of Silicene, Zhonghang Ji

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Inspired by the success of graphene, various two dimensional (2D) structures on different substrates have been proposed. Among others, an allotropic form of silicon, coined "silicene" was shown to exhibit similar properties with graphene of a zero band gap and a Dirac cone shape at the K point in the Brillouin zone. Similar to its counterpart graphene, one of the main obstacles to applying silicene in modern electronics is the lack of an energy band gap. In this work, a systematic study was presented on the structural and electronic properties of single and bi-layered silicon films under various in-plane biaxial …