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Articles 901 - 930 of 3445

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Wikimatcher: Leveraging Wikipedia For Ontology Alignment, Helena Brooke Mccurdy Jan 2016

Wikimatcher: Leveraging Wikipedia For Ontology Alignment, Helena Brooke Mccurdy

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As the Semantic Web grows, so does the number of ontologies used to structure the data within it. Aligning these ontologies is critical to fully realizing the potential of the web. Previous work in ontology alignment has shown that even alignment systems utilizing basic string similarity metrics can produce useful matches. Researchers speculate that including semantic as well as syntactic information inherent in entity labels can further improve alignment results. This paper examines that hypothesis by exploring the utility of using Wikipedia as a source of semantic information. Various elements of Wikipedia are considered, including article content, page terms, and …

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From 2d To 3d: On The Development Of Flexible And Conformal Li-Ion Batteries Via Additive Manufacturing, Aaron Joseph Blake Jan 2016

From 2d To 3d: On The Development Of Flexible And Conformal Li-Ion Batteries Via Additive Manufacturing, Aaron Joseph Blake

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The future of electronic devices, such as smart skins, embedded electronics, and wearable applications, requires a disruptive innovation to the design of conventional batteries. This research was thus aimed at leveraging additive manufacturing as a means to invigorate the design of next-generation Li-ion batteries to meet the emerging requirements of flexible electronics. First, a state-of-the art approach for achieving flexible Li-ion batteries, using a robust, multi-walled carbon nanotube mat as current collector was demonstrated. A unique mechanical device was constructed to experimentally observe the correlation between mechanical fatigue and electrochemical stability. Points of failure in the conventional architecture were evaluated …

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Fpga Realization Of Low Register Systolic Multipliers Over Gf(2^M), Qiliang Shao Jan 2016

Fpga Realization Of Low Register Systolic Multipliers Over Gf(2^M), Qiliang Shao

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Finite field multiplication over GF(2^m) is a critical component for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recommended five polynomials (two trinomials and three pentanomials) for ECC implementation. Although there are a lot reports available on polynomial basis multipliers, efficient implementation of a design with flexible field-size is quite rare. There is another basis to represent the field called normal basis. Normal basis multiplication over GF(2^m) is widely used in various applications such as elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). As a special class of normal basis with low complexity, Gaussian normal basis (GNB) has received considerable …

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Engineering Healthcare Delivery: A Systems Engineering Approach To Improving Trauma Center Nursing Efficacy, Robert A. Myers Jan 2016

Engineering Healthcare Delivery: A Systems Engineering Approach To Improving Trauma Center Nursing Efficacy, Robert A. Myers

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The efficacy of nurses is impacted by their availability to their patients and the occurrence of both beneficial and detrimental interruptions. Using system engineering tools, this work addresses open challenges in (i) methods for effective matching of nurse availability to non-stationary stochastic demand, (ii) differentiation of beneficial and detrimental interruptions, and (iii) modeling of nurses’ work with interruptions to provide an objective method of testing interruption interventions. First, we propose both qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate and then model the impact of resource scheduling on patient wait time in a Level I trauma center for a highly specialized nurse, …

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Inlet Distortion Effects On The Unsteady Aerodynamics Of A Transonic Fan Stage, Daniel Oliver Reilly Jan 2016

Inlet Distortion Effects On The Unsteady Aerodynamics Of A Transonic Fan Stage, Daniel Oliver Reilly

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A computational study was conducted to understand the influence of aircraft inlet distortion flow on the unsteady aerodynamic loading of a gas turbine fan stage. A single stage, transonic fan design with no inlet guide vanes was modeled with a commercial, computational fluid dynamics solver, STAR-CCM+, using the harmonic balance technique. The baseline inlet boundary condition applied to the model is consistent with that of a homeomorphic variant of the M2129 S-duct, and exhibited stagnation pressure distortion and a swirl pattern. The baseline inlet flow was decomposed and parameterized into a set of inlet boundary conditions which were individually applied …

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Measures Of User Interactions, Conversations, And Attacks In A Crowdsourced Platform Offering Emotional Support., Samir Yelne Jan 2016

Measures Of User Interactions, Conversations, And Attacks In A Crowdsourced Platform Offering Emotional Support., Samir Yelne

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Online social systems have emerged as a popular medium for people in society to communicate with each other. Among the most important reasons why people communicate is to share emotional problems, but most online social systems are uncomfortable or unsafe spaces for this purpose. This has led to the rise of online emotional support systems, where users needing to speak to someone can anonymously connect to a crowd of trained listeners for a one-on-one conversation. To better understand who, how and when users utilize these systems, and to evaluate their safety, this thesis offers a comprehensive examination of the characteristics …

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Evidence That Myo-Inositol Plus Ethanolamine Elevates Plasmalogen Levels And Lends Protection Against Oxidative Stress In Neuro-2a Cells, Isaie Sibomana Jan 2016

Evidence That Myo-Inositol Plus Ethanolamine Elevates Plasmalogen Levels And Lends Protection Against Oxidative Stress In Neuro-2a Cells, Isaie Sibomana

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Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids abundant in brain and heart tissues. Evidence suggests that they have antioxidant properties. Studies from our laboratory showed that rats treated with myo-inositol plus ethanolamine (ME) have elevated ethanolamine plasmalogens (PE-Pls) in brain and are protected against phosphine-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ME elevates PE-Pls levels and protects against oxidative stress through oxidation of its vinyl ether bond. We tested this hypothesis in Neuro-2A cell culture and assessed the effects of treatments with myo-inositol (M), ethanolamine (Etn), or a combination (ME) on the: (1) effects on phospholipid (PL) classes, especially Etn PLs; (2) effects on cell …

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A Genetic Algorithm For Asic Floorplanning, Anvesh Kumar Perumalla Jan 2016

A Genetic Algorithm For Asic Floorplanning, Anvesh Kumar Perumalla

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Semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) have become key components in almost every aspect of our daily lives. From simple home appliances to extremely sophisticated aerospace systems, we have become increasingly dependent on ICs. System-on-chip (SoC) is an IC methodology that includes multiple design technologies on a single IC chip. SoC was developed to further integrate and manage system complexity. Due to SoC and increasingly dense IC fabrication technologies, design time and thereby system time-to-market are becoming more critical drivers of the IC design cycle. In order to address issues related to design time and time-to-market, highly optimized semiconductor intellectual property (IP) …

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High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Sensitivity Analysis For Coupled Fluid-Solid Interaction Design, Koorosh Gobal Jan 2016

High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Sensitivity Analysis For Coupled Fluid-Solid Interaction Design, Koorosh Gobal

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In many engineering disciplines such as aerospace, marine, automotive, and biomedical engineering, the consideration of the coupling between the fluid and structural systems is necessary for quality engineering analysis. Therefore, the need for such analysis in the design is continuously increasing. The primary motivation for this work is to develop a sensitivity analysis tool that is capable of calculating accurate sensitivities without significant modification of the source codes for simulations based on non-body conformal grids. The majority of work done on the coupled fluid-solid simulations are based on computational grids that conform to solid boundaries. This becomes a restriction for …

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Software Defined Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Maha Alqallaf Jan 2016

Software Defined Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Maha Alqallaf

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Software defined networking (SDN), a new networking paradigm that separates the network data plane from the control plane, has been considered as a flexible, layered, modular, and efficient approach to managing and controlling networks ranging from wired, infrastructure-based wireless (e.g., cellular wireless networks, WiFi, wireless mesh net- works), to infrastructure-less wireless networks (e.g. mobile ad-hoc networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks) as well as to offering new types of services and to evolving the Internet architecture. Most work has focused on the SDN application in traditional and wired and/or infrastructure based networks. Wireless networks have become increasingly more heterogeneous. Secure and collab- …

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Multi-Carrier Radar For Target Detection And Communications, John David Ellinger Jan 2016

Multi-Carrier Radar For Target Detection And Communications, John David Ellinger

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This dissertation considers the optimization of radar performance within the structure imposed by a coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) format required to achieve an acceptable communication link. The dual goal of achieving both satisfactory radar and communication performance raises challenges that can be substantively addressed by combining phase coding and modulation techniques to provide the temporal and spectral structure necessary to implement simultaneous radar and communication operations. In particular, the specific techniques, as introduced within this dissertation, of using the Multi-Frequency Complementary Phase Coded (MCPC) sequences, as prescribed by Levanon and Mozeson, for simultaneous radar and wireless communication operations …

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The Effect Of Laser Power And Scan Speed On Melt Pool Characteristics Of Pure Titanium And Ti-6al-4v Alloy For Selective Laser Melting, Chandrakanth Kusuma Jan 2016

The Effect Of Laser Power And Scan Speed On Melt Pool Characteristics Of Pure Titanium And Ti-6al-4v Alloy For Selective Laser Melting, Chandrakanth Kusuma

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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that creates complex parts by selectively melting metal powder layer-by-layer. In SLM, the process parameters decide the quality of the fabricated component. In this study, single beads of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy are melted on a substrate of the same material as powder using an in-house built SLM machine. Multiple combinations of laser power and scan speed are used for single bead fabrication while the laser beam diameter and powder layer thickness are kept constant. This experimental study investigates the influence of laser power, scan speed and …

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Knowledge-Empowered Probabilistic Graphical Models For Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Pramod Anantharam Jan 2016

Knowledge-Empowered Probabilistic Graphical Models For Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Pramod Anantharam

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There is a rapid intertwining of sensors and mobile devices into the fabric of our lives. This has resulted in unprecedented growth in the number of observations from the physical and social worlds reported in the cyber world. Sensing and computational components embedded in the physical world constitute a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Current science of CPS is yet to effectively integrate citizen observations in CPS analysis. We demonstrate the role of citizen observations in CPS and propose a novel approach to perform a holistic analysis of machine and citizen sensor observations. Specifically, we demonstrate the complementary, corroborative, and timely aspects …

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Fault Diagnosis And Fault-Tolerant Control Of Quadrotor Uavs, Remus C. Avram Jan 2016

Fault Diagnosis And Fault-Tolerant Control Of Quadrotor Uavs, Remus C. Avram

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Quadrotors represent a special class of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential in various military and civilian applications. However, due to their intrinsic fabrication process and component damage, quadrotors are prone to various type of faults. This dissertation presents the design, analysis, and experimental implementation of fault diagnosis, fault-tolerant control, and controller verification methods to achieve safety assurance and trusted autonomy of quadrotor UAVs. First, the issue of sensor faults is investigated under two different scenarios: (1) the case when all Euler angles are available for measurement; (2) the case …

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Design And Evaluation Of A Fiber Optic Shape Tracker For Use As A Navigational Aid In Endovascular Guidewires And Catheters, Benjamin Stewart Rinehart Jan 2016

Design And Evaluation Of A Fiber Optic Shape Tracker For Use As A Navigational Aid In Endovascular Guidewires And Catheters, Benjamin Stewart Rinehart

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Endovascular intervention is the current gold-standard for screening and treating aortic aneurysms and complications caused by peripheral vascular disease (PAD). A typical endovascular procedure begins with inserting an endovascular guidewire into the femoral artery via incision. A catheter is then threaded over the guidewire and both tools are then navigated to the treatment site. The navigation is guided solely by fluoroscopy (x-ray) imagery that is performed throughout the duration of the procedure. Not only does this method provide limited 2-D guidance, but also exposes the patient and medical staff to high levels of radiation. This thesis research focuses on the …

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Fpga Realization Of Low Register Systolic All One-Polynomial Multipliers Over Gf (2M) And Their Applications In Trinomial Multipliers, Pingxiuqi Chen Jan 2016

Fpga Realization Of Low Register Systolic All One-Polynomial Multipliers Over Gf (2M) And Their Applications In Trinomial Multipliers, Pingxiuqi Chen

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All-one-polynomial (AOP)-based systolic multipliers over GF (2m) are usually not con-sidered for practical implementation of cryptosystems such as elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) due to security reasons. Besides that, systolic AOP multipliers usually suer from the problem of high register-complexity, especially in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms where the register resources are not that abundant. In this thesis, however, we have shown that the AOP-based systolic multipliers can easily achieve low register-complexity implementations and the proposed architectures can be employed as computation cores to derive ecient implementations of systolic Montgomery multipli-ers based on trinomials, which are recommended by the National Institute …

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A Theoretical Framework For Evaluating Mental Workload Resources In Human Systems Design For Manufacturing Operations, Sharon Claxton Bommer Jan 2016

A Theoretical Framework For Evaluating Mental Workload Resources In Human Systems Design For Manufacturing Operations, Sharon Claxton Bommer

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Manufacturing is a human-driven process that applies energy and manpower to produce consumer goods. In repetitive task processes like manufacturing systems, optimal performance is extremely important for the production employee and the company. In the general fast pace of manufacturing operations, there is the potential for operator errors, which correlates to possible safety issues and loss of revenue. This research explores the influence of cognitive resources on operator performance in manufacturing operations using the Multiple Resource Theory (MRT) and mental workload measures. Computer simulation models and mathematical modeling with Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) were used to assess mental …

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Growth And Characterization Of Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films, Carl Morris Gross Iii Jan 2016

Growth And Characterization Of Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films, Carl Morris Gross Iii

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Two-dimensional materials, or materials that are only one atomic layer thick, have seen much research in recent years because of their interesting electrical properties. The first of these materials, graphene, was found to have incredible electrical properties but lacked a bandgap in intrinsic films. Without a bandgap, graphene cannot create transistors that can be shut off. Molybdenum disulfide, however, is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a large bandgap. The main issue of molybdenum disulfide is that synthesized films are a much lower quality than their exfoliated counterparts. For molybdenum disulfide to be able to be used practically, a method of synthesis …

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Performance Prediction Of Constrained Waveform Design For Adaptive Radar, Aaron M. Jones Jan 2016

Performance Prediction Of Constrained Waveform Design For Adaptive Radar, Aaron M. Jones

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Today's radars face an ever increasingly complex operational environment, intensified by the numerous types of mission/modes, number and type of targets, non-homogenous clutter and active interferers in the scene. Thus, the ability to adapt ones transmit waveform, to optimally suit the needs for a particular radar tasking and environment, becomes mandatory. This requirement brings with it a host of challenges to implement including the basic decision of what to transmit. In this dissertation, we discuss six original contributions, including the development of performance prediction models for constrained radar waveforms, that aid in the decision making process of an adaptive radar …

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Refining A Post-Stroke Pharmacological And Physical Treatment To Reduce Infarct Volume Or Improve Functional Recovery, Using Gene Expression Changes In The Peri-Infarct Region To Examine Potential Mechanisms In Male And Female Rats, Moner A. Ragas Jan 2016

Refining A Post-Stroke Pharmacological And Physical Treatment To Reduce Infarct Volume Or Improve Functional Recovery, Using Gene Expression Changes In The Peri-Infarct Region To Examine Potential Mechanisms In Male And Female Rats, Moner A. Ragas

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Stroke, a life-threatening medical condition, is the fifth-leading cause of death in the United States with an estimated annual cost of treatments above $70 billion. A combination of innovative approaches was used in our lab to optimize the pre-clinical stroke research design by choosing the most appropriate animal model and methodologies to increase the translational capability of the stroke research. The first study, modeled after ongoing clinical trials using fluoxetine, refined the appropriate timing of fluoxetine and ascorbic acid delivery if a rat was on simvastatin for 7 days pre-stroke and throughout the remainder of the study. Administration of fluoxetine …

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Co-Transplantation Of Endothelial Progenitor Cells And Neural Progenitor Cells For Treating Ischemic Stroke In A Mouse Model, Jinju Wang Jan 2016

Co-Transplantation Of Endothelial Progenitor Cells And Neural Progenitor Cells For Treating Ischemic Stroke In A Mouse Model, Jinju Wang

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Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability with limited and less effective therapeutics. Transplantation of stem cells, such as neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), is promising for treating IS. It is well known that neurogenesis and angiogenesis are critical for cerebral repair following ischemic injury. However, whether co-transplantation of EPCs and NPCs has synergistic effects remains unclarified. In addition, the PI3K/Akt pathway participates in modulating a widely range of cellular functions such as anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant. The signal pathways responsible for the effects of grafted NPCs and EPCs are also waiting for …

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Modular Multi-Signal Tracking Pulse Descriptor Word (Pdw) Generator With Field Programmable Gate Array (Fpga) Implementation, Justin Darrell Pelan Jan 2016

Modular Multi-Signal Tracking Pulse Descriptor Word (Pdw) Generator With Field Programmable Gate Array (Fpga) Implementation, Justin Darrell Pelan

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As signal spectra become dense, the task of tracking and identifying radars becomes increasingly cumbersome. The variety of radars in modern theaters of war compound the task due to simultaneous operation. Real-time processing of large data sets prove difficult for sequential systems, and the parallelism of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) becomes an attractive option. To mitigate the increasing complexity of this task, this design proposes an FPGA architecture to produce pulse descriptor words (PDW) for up to eight independent radio frequency signals that can be used in near-real-time processing. Focusing on digital hardware techniques and modular design allow for …

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Knowledge-Driven Implicit Information Extraction, Pathirage Dinindu Perera Jan 2016

Knowledge-Driven Implicit Information Extraction, Pathirage Dinindu Perera

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Natural language is a powerful tool developed by humans over hundreds of thousands of years. The extensive usage, flexibility of the language, creativity of the human beings, and social, cultural, and economic changes that have taken place in daily life have added new constructs, styles, and features to the language. One such feature of the language is its ability to express ideas, opinions, and facts in an implicit manner. This is a feature that is used extensively in day to day communications in situations such as: 1) expressing sarcasm, 2) when trying to recall forgotten things, 3) when required to …

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Probabilistic Svm For Open Set Automatic Target Recognition On High Range Resolution Radar Data, Jason Daniel Roos Jan 2016

Probabilistic Svm For Open Set Automatic Target Recognition On High Range Resolution Radar Data, Jason Daniel Roos

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The application of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) on High Range Resolution (HRR) radar data in a scenario that contains unknown targets is of great interest for military and civilian applications. HRR radar data provides greater resolution of a target as well as the ability to perform ATR on a moving target, which gives it an advantage over other imaging systems. With the added resolution of HRR comes the disadvantage that a change in the aspect angle or orientation results in greater changes in the collected data, making classical ATR more difficult. Closed set ATR on HRR radar data is defined …

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The Effects Of Micro-Dimple Texture On The Friction And Thermal Behavior Of A Point Contact, Utsav Kamleshbhai Parmar Jan 2016

The Effects Of Micro-Dimple Texture On The Friction And Thermal Behavior Of A Point Contact, Utsav Kamleshbhai Parmar

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This study investigates the effects of the micro-dimple texture on the friction and surface temperature performances of a ball-on-disk contact, operating under the speed and load ranges that cover typical gearing applications. Circular shaped micro-dimple arrays with different dimple center distances and dimple depths are implemented on the ball surface to quantify the impacts of these two parameters on the friction coefficient and the maximum ball surface temperature. In addition, the contacts of three surface texture combinations, namely micro-dimpled and polished ball surface versus polished disk surface, polished ball surface versus polished disk surface and ground ball surface versus ground …

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Nonreciprocal Magnetostatic Surface Wave In Thin Ferromagnetic Film, Kumar Vishal Jan 2016

Nonreciprocal Magnetostatic Surface Wave In Thin Ferromagnetic Film, Kumar Vishal

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Interest in the nonreciprocal property of waves inside the magnetic material starts with its current advancement in the field of passive devices. In current technology passive devices without magnetic cores are realized on a silicon chip, usually these devices are lossy and bigger in size. Passive devices constructed with magnetic core material such as isolators, circulators, phase shifters, and gyrators; gives us the chance to minimize such losses. Nonreciprocity in magnetic material is due to the anisotropic property of permeability, it is complex in nature and represent in 3×3 matrix form. We can control the wave flow inside the nonreciprocal …

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Retail Facility Design Considering Product Exposure, Corinne H. Mowrey Jan 2016

Retail Facility Design Considering Product Exposure, Corinne H. Mowrey

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Retail store's layout affects a shopper's visual experience and correspondingly the time spent in the store, navigation through the aisles, and allocation of attention and money across departments and categories. We contend that alternate rack layouts allow for more of a rack's facing to appear in the shopper's visual field. In this work we focus on the following two questions: (i) what impact does a given rack layout have on how much of a rack display is exposed to a shopper? (ii) what rack layouts maximize exposure to a shopper? To address the first question, we introduce a set of …

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A Fractal-Based Mathematical Model For Cancellous Bone Growth Considering The Hierarchical Nature Of Bone, Stephanie Marie Suhr Jan 2016

A Fractal-Based Mathematical Model For Cancellous Bone Growth Considering The Hierarchical Nature Of Bone, Stephanie Marie Suhr

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The hierarchical structure of bone alone is not comprehensive enough to provide morphological explanation of how the size and arrangement of the trabeculae within cancellous bone affect load distribution, particularly concerning deterioration of bone in elderly patients. The collagen network and hydroxyapatite play a large role in defining the shape of trabeculae in cancellous bone despite that the arrangement and size is seemingly random. The growth of plates and rods in cancellous bone is mainly due to loading and stress lines within the bone, but mathematical predictive models can be developed using fractal analysis to show how bone may grow …

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Elucidating The Role Of Microstructure, Texture, And Microtexture On The Dwell Fatigue Response Of Ti-6al-4v, Alec Mitchell Blankenship Jan 2016

Elucidating The Role Of Microstructure, Texture, And Microtexture On The Dwell Fatigue Response Of Ti-6al-4v, Alec Mitchell Blankenship

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Ambient temperature dwell sensitivity is known to be deleterious to the fatigue response of near-alpha titanium alloys. Dwell fatigue refers to the presence of a sustained hold at peak stress as opposed to the continuous variation of normal cyclic fatigue loading. This reduction in failure life-times from dwell loading is attributed to early crack nucleation and faster crack propagation. The degradation is the result of plastic anisotropy on the microstructural scale along with tendency of titanium alloys to creep at low temperatures at stresses well below the 0.2% offset yield strength. Despite being the most widely used titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V …

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Implementation Of Logic Fault Tolerance On A Dynamically Reconfigurable Fpga, Kiran Jayarama Jan 2016

Implementation Of Logic Fault Tolerance On A Dynamically Reconfigurable Fpga, Kiran Jayarama

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Relative to integrated circuit (IC) systems, on-chip fault detection entails determi- nation of whether or not a fault exists. The cause of the fault could be some faulty logic resource or some faulty interconnect (wiring) resource, but typically, fault detection only determines if a fault exists, not what exactly is faulty. Beyond pure fault detection some work has been done relative to on-chip fault analysis to fur- ther determine not only if a fault exists, but exactly what is faulty. Even less work has been done to actually tolerate faulty resources once they have been found. For this work, we …

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