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Articles 4171 - 4200 of 4606
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Critical Loading Events For The Assessment Of Medium Span Bridges, Colin C. Caprani, S. A. Grave, E. J. O'Brien, A. J. O'Connor
Critical Loading Events For The Assessment Of Medium Span Bridges, Colin C. Caprani, S. A. Grave, E. J. O'Brien, A. J. O'Connor
Conference papers
This paper describes the simulation of free-flowing traffic across bridges to predict the characteristic values for bridge load effects such as bending moment and shear force. The results of these simulations are then used to demonstrate that, in predicting the characteristic extreme load effects to which a bridge may be subjected, it is not sufficient to solely model one-or two-truck presence events. It is shown that loading events involving three or more trucks may need be included in the model for short to medium spans. The critical loading events for a particular load effect are strongly dependent on the span …
Multiple Model Networks In Non-Linear System Modelling For Control – A Review, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer
Multiple Model Networks In Non-Linear System Modelling For Control – A Review, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
Non-linear processes, by their nature, are non-uniform and invariably require custom designed control schemes to deal with individual characteristics. No general theory deals comprehensively with the wide range of non-linear systems encountered. In an attempt to accurately model non-linear dynamical systems, a wide variety of techniques have been developed such as non-linear auto-regressive moving average with exogeneous inputs (NARMAX) models (Chen and Billings, 1989), Weiner models (Schetzen, 1981), Hammerstein models (Billings and Fakhouri, 1982) and Multiple Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks (Narendra and Kannan, 1990). While the accuracy of such models offers a potentially significant improvement over linear models, the …
Flow Shop Scheduling Problem: A Computational Study, Amr Arisha, Paul Young, Mohie El Baradie
Flow Shop Scheduling Problem: A Computational Study, Amr Arisha, Paul Young, Mohie El Baradie
Conference papers
A computational study has been developed to obtain optimal / near optimal solution for the flow shop scheduling problem with make-span minimization as the primary criterion and the minimization of either the mean completion time, total waiting time or total idle time as the secondary criterion. The objective is to determine a sequence of operations in which to process ‘n’ jobs on ‘m’ machines in same order (flow shop environment) where skipping is allowed. The Simulation approach for deterministic and stochastic flow shop scheduling has been developed. It reads and manipulates data for 500 jobs on 500 machines. Different factorial …
Holographically Recorded Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Element For Holographic And Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, Sridhar Guntaka, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin
Holographically Recorded Photopolymer Diffractive Optical Element For Holographic And Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, Sridhar Guntaka, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin
Articles
A diffractive optical element is described that can be used to implement a self-aligning electronic speckle apttern interferometer and holographic interferometer requiring only a laser source and a camera in the optical set-up.
Model Predictive Control Of Cstr Based On Local Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Model Predictive Control Of Cstr Based On Local Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Conference papers
A non-linear predictive controller is presented. It judiciously combines predictive controllers with a local model network utilizing a neural-network-like gating system. It avoids the time consuming quadratic optimization calculation, which is normally necessary in non-linear predictive control. A controller simulation on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) case study was shown to be satisfactory both in terms of set point tracking and regulation performance over the entire operating range. Moreover, the inherent integration action in the local predictive controller provides zero static offsets.
Closed Loop Identification Of A First Order Plus Dead-Time Process Model Under Pi Control, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Closed Loop Identification Of A First Order Plus Dead-Time Process Model Under Pi Control, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
This paper discusses the estimation of the parameters of a first order plus dead-time process model using the closed-loop step response data of the process under proportional plus integral (PI) control. The proportional gain and the integral time, in the PI controller, are chosen such that the closed-loop step response exhibits an under-damped response. From this response data, five characteristic points are used to determine a second order plus dead-time model and subsequently, the frequency response of the closed-loop system. Knowing the dynamics of the closed-loop system and the dynamics of the controller, the open-loop dynamics of the process can …
Comparison Of Open And Closed Loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time Domain, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Comparison Of Open And Closed Loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time Domain, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
This paper describes seven methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use the step response data and one of the methods uses the impulse response data for identification.
Annular Planar Monopole Antennas, Z. N. Chen, Max Ammann, W.Y. W. Chia, T.S. P. See
Annular Planar Monopole Antennas, Z. N. Chen, Max Ammann, W.Y. W. Chia, T.S. P. See
Conference papers
A type of annular planar monopole antenna is presented. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the monopole with different holes and feed gaps are experimentally examined. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna is capable of providing significantly broad impedance bandwidth with acceptable radiation performance.
Precise Chemical Analysis Development For Si And Gaas Surfaces, T. A. Briantseva, Z. M. Lebedeva, D. V. Lioubtchenko, M. Nolan, T. S. Perova, R. A. Moore, Kevin Berwick
Precise Chemical Analysis Development For Si And Gaas Surfaces, T. A. Briantseva, Z. M. Lebedeva, D. V. Lioubtchenko, M. Nolan, T. S. Perova, R. A. Moore, Kevin Berwick
Articles
Precise chemical analysis (PCA) was developed to allow the study of non-interconnected atoms on crystalline semiconductor surfaces, such as those produced during rapid thermal processing (RTP) of silicon and electron beam lithography on gallium arsenide (GaAs). The PCA method is based on selectively dissolving the different components present on the semiconductor surface using preferential etchant solutions. After etching, the etchant solution, containing the etched component, is analyzed by a photometric technique. In this paper, we present photometric measurements of the amount of “free” (non-interconnected) atoms that remain on semiconductor surfaces following electron beam and RTP processing. In this context, “free” …
An Efficient Procedure For Viscous Propeller Flow Field Calculations, Fergal Boyle
An Efficient Procedure For Viscous Propeller Flow Field Calculations, Fergal Boyle
Conference Papers
An efficient procedure has been developed for the computation of the three-dimensional, compressible, viscous flow field around a general propeller geometry with the inflow at zero angles of incidence and yaw. The solution procedure combines a recently developed Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equations solver with a commercially available grid generator designed specifically for turbomachinery configurations. Preliminary results from the calculation of laminar and turbulent incompressible flow over a flat plate demonstrate that the flow solver is capable of capturing boundary-layer behaviour accurately. Results from the prediction of the transonic flow over a two-bladed propeller geometry show that the procedure is accurate and efficient …
Safety Behaviour In The Construction Industry, Nick Macdonald, Victor Hrymak
Safety Behaviour In The Construction Industry, Nick Macdonald, Victor Hrymak
Reports
The influences on safety standards and employee safety behaviour was analysed on 18 large construction sites on the island of Ireland. The safety management and documentation of these sites was also analysed. The results are discussed at length together with comprehensive recommendations for the industry.
Initial Experiences Gained And Initiatives Employed In The Teaching Of Java Programming In The Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Eamonn Hyland, Gary Clynch
Initial Experiences Gained And Initiatives Employed In The Teaching Of Java Programming In The Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Eamonn Hyland, Gary Clynch
Conference Papers
This paper describes recent experiences gained and initiatives employed in the teaching of Java programming to first and second year students in the Institute of Technology Tallaght from September 2000 to March 2002. It outlines some elearning, technological and pedagogical initiatives that were undertaken within the department and the resultant preliminary outcomes. The outcomes have been determined after detailed analysis of the results of a survey which was commissioned to determine the effectiveness of the initiatives and also to identify those parts of the Java language which were causing students particular difficulty. The students surveyed are currently completing their fourth …
Calculation For The Parameter "Deflection" In A New Theory Of The Earth's Magnetic Field, Annraoi De Paor, Ted Burke
Calculation For The Parameter "Deflection" In A New Theory Of The Earth's Magnetic Field, Annraoi De Paor, Ted Burke
Articles
In a recent paper on the theory of the Earth’s magnetic field and key features of Sunspot activity (de Paor, 2001), a central role in the calculation of secular variations of the geomagnetic field was played by a newly-introduced parameter called the deflection (abbreviated def ). In this note, the significance of def is elucidated and the method used to calculate it is explained
Ancient Astronomical Alignments: Fact Or Fiction?, Frank Prendergast
Ancient Astronomical Alignments: Fact Or Fiction?, Frank Prendergast
Articles
No abstract provided.
Sub-Band Independent Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Sub-Band Independent Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
While Independent Subspace Analysis provides a means of separating sound sources from a single channel signal, making it an effective tool for drum transcription, it does have a number of problems. Not least of these is that the amount of information required to allow separation of sound sources varies from signal to signal. To overcome this indeterminacy and improve the robustness of transcription an extension of Independent Subspace Analysis to include sub-band processing is proposed. The use of this approach is demonstrated by its application in a simple drum transcription algorithm.
Flow Patterns In A Two-Roll Mill, Christopher Hills
Flow Patterns In A Two-Roll Mill, Christopher Hills
Articles
The two-dimensional flow of a Newtonian fluid in a rectangular box that contains two disjoint, independently-rotating, circular boundaries is studied. The flow field for this two-roll mill is determined numerically using a finite-difference scheme over a Cartesian grid with variable horizontal and vertical spacing to accommodate satisfactorily the circular boundaries. To make the streamfunction numerically determinate we insist that the pressure field is everywhere single-valued. The physical character, streamline topology and transitions of the flow are discussed for a range of geometries, rotation rates and Reynolds numbers in the underlying seven-parameter space. An account of a preliminary experimental study of …
Discrete-Time Velocity-Based Multiple Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Seamus Mcloone, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Discrete-Time Velocity-Based Multiple Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Seamus Mcloone, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Conference papers
The velocity-based local model (LM) network is a novel modelling approach that overcomes the lack of interpretability associated with the conventional LM network technique. The global dynamics of the nonlinear network are directly related to the underlying sub-model dynamics. Thus, the velocity-based network is ideally suited to the development of local controller (LC) networks. Furthermore, the local models are continuous-time, velocity-based and linear, providing continuity with established linear theory. To date, research has focused on the continuous-time version of the velocity-based network. The application of digital computer is widely popular in the field of control and, therefore, this paper develops …
A Non-Linear Pid Controller For Cstr Using Local Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
A Non-Linear Pid Controller For Cstr Using Local Model Networks, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Conference papers
The basic PID controllers have difficulty in dealing with problems that appear in complex non-linear processes. This paper presents a practical non-linear PID controller that deals with these non-linear difficulties. It utilises a local model (LM) network, which combines a set of local models within an artificial neural network structure, to adaptively characterise the process non-linearity. Then a local controller network is formulated through a gating system deduced from the LMN to handle the non-linearity. A continuous stirred tank reaction (CSTR) case study illustrates the practicality of this method in the modelling and control of non-linear processes. PID controllers are …
Time Delay Estimation In Signal Processing Applications: An Overview, Aidan O'Dwyer
Time Delay Estimation In Signal Processing Applications: An Overview, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
An extensive though scattered literature exists on the estimation of time delays in signal processing applications. However, it is possible to identify themes that are common to many of the available techniques. The intention of this paper is to provide a framework against which the literature may be viewed. In addition, original work on gradient based time delay estimation is described.
Towards An Expert System Approach For Pi Controller Design Of Delayed Processes, Michael Feeney, Aidan O'Dwyer
Towards An Expert System Approach For Pi Controller Design Of Delayed Processes, Michael Feeney, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
This paper will discuss the compensation of first order lag plus time delay (FOLPD) processes using PI controllers whose parameters are specified using appropriate tuning rules. The gain margin and phase margin of the compensated system, as the ratio of time delay to time constant of the process varies, are calculated for each tuning rule and an expert system is used to recommend a tuning rule for user defined requirements.
Regenerative Magnet Load Power Supply With Utility Friendly Operations, M. Sri Balaji, S. P. Das, Gopal Dubey, Malabika Basu
Regenerative Magnet Load Power Supply With Utility Friendly Operations, M. Sri Balaji, S. P. Das, Gopal Dubey, Malabika Basu
Conference papers
In the present paper, a utility friendly regenerative magnet load power supply has been proposed which can tolerate supply voltage dips and long duration sags or undervoltages and maintains unity input power factor under all operating conditions. The harmonics injected into the utility are much less and the total harmonic distortion (THD) complies with IEEE standards. Unity power factor at the input is maintained by using a synchronous link converter (SLC) as the front-end AC to DC converter with regenerative capability. The two-quadrant chopper in the second stage operates in a constant frequency current control mode and takes care of …
Evaporative Cooling Availability In Water Based Sensible Cooling Systems, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Evaporative Cooling Availability In Water Based Sensible Cooling Systems, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Conference Papers
Recent developments have prompted a review of evaporative cooling technology as an effective means of cooling modern deep plan buildings. Prominent among these developments is the success of high temperature sensible cooling systems, such as chilled ceilings, which require a supply of cooling water at 14 to 18°C. Crucial to the success of evaporative cooling technology, as a significant means of cooling in modern applications, is the ability to generate cooling water, in an indirect circuit, at a temperature which closely approaches the ambient adiabatic saturation temperature or wet bulb temperature. Recent research in this area has shown that it …
Experimental Investigation Of Moisture Migration In Concrete, R. P. West, Niall Holmes
Experimental Investigation Of Moisture Migration In Concrete, R. P. West, Niall Holmes
Conference papers
The ability to be able to predict the state of dryness of a concrete floor slab is a practical need in the construction industry. Current popular methods, including the surface hygrometer and vapour emission tests, only indicate surface dryness, with consequent uncertainties in the quantity of residual moisture deep within the slab. This paper describes the variation in moisture condition with depth for a number of slabs under different drying conditions, as established using a new probe which can reliably determine the relative humidity at any depth. From this it is concluded that results from the conventional tests need to …
Slab Drawing Layout: A Study To Develop A New Information Technology Package To Aid Those Involved In The The Manufacture Of Pre-Stresed Hollow Core Plank Flooring, Joe Parker
Masters
Manufacture of pre-stressed hollow core flooring (from here on referred to as (‘slabs’) can be traced through a number of steps. These steps can generally be arranged in the following order; 1. Receipt of a drawing indicating the area that the client requires to be floored. 2. Production of a new drawing showing the layout of individual slabs over the proposed floor area. 3. Production of design calculations to B.S. 8110 (or other design specification) that adequately covers each slab within the floor layout drawing according to its individual design criteria. 4. Production of sheets for manufacture of slabs showing …