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Articles 4141 - 4170 of 4606
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
On Stability Of Affine Blending Systems, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Seamus Mcloone, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
On Stability Of Affine Blending Systems, Ruiyao Gao, Aidan O'Dwyer, Seamus Mcloone, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Conference papers
This paper presents a novel approach to stability analysis of affine blending systems. The analysis is based on Quadratic Lyapunov functions. The approach considers the nonlinear offset term in affine blending systems as non-vanishing perturbations added to the corresponding nominal linear blending systems. The affine blending systems will be bounded if the corresponding linear blending system is exponentially stable. The bound is determined by an ultimate limit, which is proportional to the maximum of the offset terms of each affine system.
New Modified Smith Predictor Designs, Pauline Sourdille, Aidan O'Dwyer
New Modified Smith Predictor Designs, Pauline Sourdille, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
By combining several existing modified Smith predictor structures, presented in a literature review, a generalised form of the Smith predictor is proposed. From this structure, excellent servo and regulator responses can be obtained by specifying three controller dynamic elements. Two new modified Smith predictor structures are presented with their associated tuning rules. The results of the simulations indicate that the two new designs give better overall responses than the original Smith predictor.
Comparison Of Process Identification Techniques In The Time And Frequency Domains, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Comparison Of Process Identification Techniques In The Time And Frequency Domains, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
This paper describes ten methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use step response data and one of the methods uses impulse response data for identification. Two of the methods use frequency response data and the final method uses information from relay-based experiments. The best results are obtained using a combined analytical and gradient method [6] in the frequency-domain and, in the time-domain, using the two-point algorithm [1] and a method proposed by Suganda et al. [5].
Analytical Ise Calculation And Optimum Control System Design, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Analytical Ise Calculation And Optimum Control System Design, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
In control system theory, a performance index is a quantitative measure of the performance of a system and is chosen so that emphasis is given to the important system parameters. In this paper, the authors demonstrate two methods to determine analytically the ISE performance index value for a FOPDT process model under PI control. The ability of proportional/integral (PI) and proportional/integral/derivative (PID) controllers to compensate most practical industrial processes has led to their wide acceptance in industrial applications. The most direct way to set up PI/PID controller parameters is the use of tuning rules. The second part of this paper …
System Identification Using Higher Order Spectra, Aidan O'Dwyer
System Identification Using Higher Order Spectra, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
This communication will explore the use of particular types of frequency domain concepts, labelled higher order spectra, to help determine the frequency response of a process. This will allow the identification of the parameters of a single input, single output (SISO) model for a process (which includes a time delay), in both open loop and closed loop environments.
Speech-Adaptive Time-Scale Modification For Computer Assisted Language Learning, Olivia Donnellan, Elmar Jung, Eugene Coyle
Speech-Adaptive Time-Scale Modification For Computer Assisted Language Learning, Olivia Donnellan, Elmar Jung, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
In traditional foreign language learning programmes students are offered a tutor model characterised by slow, deliberate speech. This is insufficient to prepare them to cope with native, colloquial speech. By applying a timescale modification (TSM) algorithm to natural-speed, native speech, students have access to a more desirable, natural speech corpus which permits them to practise essential listening skills in a more focussed manner. This paper presents a method which allows slowing down speech without compromising the quality, pitch or naturalness of the slowed speech by applying different scaling factors to different types of speech segments. The new method is compared …
An Efficient Audio Time-Scale Modification Algorithm For Use In A Subband Implementation, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
An Efficient Audio Time-Scale Modification Algorithm For Use In A Subband Implementation, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
The Paola algorithm, is an efficient algorithm for the time scale modification of speech. It uses a simple peak alignment technique to synchronise synthesis frames and takes waveform properties and the desired time-scale factor into account to determine optimum alogrithm parameters. However, PAOLA has difficulties with certain waveform types and can result in poor synchronisation for subband implementations. SOLA is a less efficient algorithm but resolves the issues associated with PAOLA's implementation. The authors present an algorithm that is a combination of the two approaches that proves to be an efficient and effective algorithm for a subband implementation.
Time-Scale Modification Of Speech Using A Synchronised And Adaptive Overlap-Add (Saola) Algorithm, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Time-Scale Modification Of Speech Using A Synchronised And Adaptive Overlap-Add (Saola) Algorithm, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
The synchonised overlap-add (SOLA) algorithm is a commercially popular and considerably researched audio time-scale modification technique. It operates in the time domain and uses a correlation technique to ensure that synthesis frames overlap in a synchronous manner. We present a modification to SOLA that allows the analysis step size adapt to the desired time-scale factor. The synchronised and adaptive overlap-add (SAOLA) alogorithm improves upon the output quality of SOLA for high time-scale factors and reduces the computational requirements for low time-scale factors. However, the computational requirements for high time-scale factors are increased.
Drum Transcription Using Automatic Grouping Of Events And Prior Subspace Analysis, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Drum Transcription Using Automatic Grouping Of Events And Prior Subspace Analysis, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Dermot Coyle Professor
Conference papers
While Prior Subspace Analysis (PSA) has proved an effective tool for transcribung mixtures of snare, kick drum and hi-hat, attempts to extend it to increased numbers of drum types have met with mixed results. To overcome this an automatic grouping method has been developed to group drum events on their similarity in frequency content. Combined with PSA this creates a system able to handle robustly greater numbers of drum types. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in a drum transcription algorithm.
Time Scale Modification Of Music Using A Subband Approach Based On The Bark Scale, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Time Scale Modification Of Music Using A Subband Approach Based On The Bark Scale, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Time-domain time-scaling algorithms are efficient in comparison to their frequency-domain counterparts, but they rely upon the existence of a quasi-periodic signal to produce a high quality output. This requirement makes them unsuitable for use on multi-pitched signals such as polyphonic music. However, time-domain techniques applied on a subband basis can resolve the multi-pitch problem. The authors propose an improved subband implementation based upon the bark scale for the time scale modification of music. The new subband approach is supported by psychoacoustic and music theory and subjectively through informal listening tests.
Prior Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Prior Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
This paper introduces the technique of Prior Subspace Analysis (PSA) as an alternative to Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA) in cases where prior knowledge about the sources to be separated is available. The use of prior knowledge overcomes some of the problems associated with ISA, in particular the problem of estimating the amount of information required for separation. This results in improved robustness for drum transcription purposes. Prior knowledge is incorporated by use of a set of prior frequency subspaces that characterise features of the sources to be extracted. The effectiveness and robustness of PSA is demonstrated by its use in …
Analysis Of Cooling And Heating Of Water With Flat-Plate Solar Radiators, Igor Balen, Vladimir Soldo, David Kennedy
Analysis Of Cooling And Heating Of Water With Flat-Plate Solar Radiators, Igor Balen, Vladimir Soldo, David Kennedy
Conference Papers
Extensive analysis of flat-plate radiative panels operation using average hourly weather data for a maritime climate region was performed. The panels are integrated in the space ventilation system with air-cooling by means of a cold-water coil. Their primary function is to prepare sufficient quantity of cold water, integrating radiative and convective cooling, that is collected in the cold-water tank during the nighttime operation. That cold water is used for cooling of the air during daytime. By small modification during daytime, solar panels could be turned into collectors and used to produce the hot water that is collected in a separate …
Solution Of The Navier-Stokes Equations For Transonic Propeller Flows, Fergal Boyle
Solution Of The Navier-Stokes Equations For Transonic Propeller Flows, Fergal Boyle
Conference Papers
The three-dimensional, compressible, viscous flow field around a general propeller geometry with the inflow at zero angles of incidence and yaw is computed using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations solver. Results from validation test cases in which the laminar and turbulent incompressible flow over a flat plate are calculated demonstrate the flow solver is capable of accurately capturing boundary-layer behaviour. Euler solutions from flow field calculations around two very different propeller geometries show a high level of accuracy and efficiency. Preliminary results from a viscous flow field calculation around a two-bladed propeller are very encouraging.
Rationalising The Construction Materials Purchasing Process, Louis Gunnigan, Alan V. Hore, Trevor Orr
Rationalising The Construction Materials Purchasing Process, Louis Gunnigan, Alan V. Hore, Trevor Orr
Conference papers
This paper is concerned with the process used in locating and removing inefficiency in the construction materials purchasing process. In the first part, a case study is presented showing the build-up of costs involved in purchasing materials. Potential for substantial savings is revealed. The second part of the paper gives a status report on a rationalisation pilot project currently being undertaken by the Construction Information Technology Alliance (CITA). This project aims to show how greater effectiveness and efficiency can be applied to the administration of the construction materials purchasing process by the application of information technology already used widely in …
A Reflection On The Development, Activities And Deliverables Of The Construction It Alliance (Cita) In Ireland, Ken Thomas, Alan V. Hore
A Reflection On The Development, Activities And Deliverables Of The Construction It Alliance (Cita) In Ireland, Ken Thomas, Alan V. Hore
Conference papers
This paper reflects on the development, activities and deliverables of the Construction IT Alliance in the Republic of Ireland. This alliance was formed in 2001 with the vision of harnessing the potential of information and communication technologies in the Irish construction sector. CITA is a prime example of academia-industry-government collaboration in Ireland. A key driver in the development of CITA is the need to increase the extent of IT knowledge within the Irish construction sector. Membership of CITA includes leading architectural, engineering, surveying, management, construction, supplier, IT and academic organisations. The leading academic institutions in CITA are the Technological University …
Research Into Evaporative Cooling Of Buildings In Maritime Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Research Into Evaporative Cooling Of Buildings In Maritime Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Reports
Concern with environmental emissions has focused attention on traditional forms of energy use in buildings, with a view to reducing and making more rational use of energy consumption. One area of concern is the traditional, refrigeration based, commercial air conditioning system, which has high levels of electrical power consumption in fans and refrigeration compressors. There is also concern among building owners and design teams, supported by the PROBE series of post occupancy studies, conducted by the CIBSE, that many buildings, with traditional forms of air conditioning, under perform in terms of occupant satisfaction, ease of operation and control, maintenance costs …
Moisture Migration In Concrete Slabs During Drying, Niall Holmes, Roger West
Moisture Migration In Concrete Slabs During Drying, Niall Holmes, Roger West
Conference papers
This paper presents the profiles of relative humidity (RH) readings taken at various depths in concrete slabs during a time period of over 230 days using probes attached to a humidity-reading device. It also examines the effect ambient conditions have on the drying process. For the experimental work, two sets of slabs were tested, one in a controlled environment with an elevated temperature and the other in a laboratory at room temperatures. It was found, not surprisingly that the slabs in the controlled room appeared to dry out at a much faster rate than those held at room temperature. However, …
Comparison Of Open- And Closed-Loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time-Domain, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Comparison Of Open- And Closed-Loop Process Identification Techniques In The Time-Domain, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
Abstract: This paper describes seven methods to identify a mathematical model for a real process with a time delay. The process is the Process Trainer, PT326 from Feedback Instruments Limited. Six of the methods use the step response data and one of the methods uses the impulse response data for identification.
On The Selection Of Simulation Software For Manufacturing Application, Amr Arisha, Mohie El Baradie
On The Selection Of Simulation Software For Manufacturing Application, Amr Arisha, Mohie El Baradie
Conference papers
The growing complexity of manufacturing along with the need for higher efficiency, greater flexibility, better product quality and lower cost urged the use of simulation in manufacturing systems. The number and variety of simulation software packages on the market increased as well. Consequently, the varieties of these packages led to some bewilderment on the part of potential users when faced the selection process. The present article addresses an overview of material addressed in journals, conferences, and textbooks on the selection of appropriate simulation software. It also suggests a classification of main criteria to be considered in evaluating simulation software packages. …
Developments In Evaporative Cooling Of Buildings In Maritime Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Developments In Evaporative Cooling Of Buildings In Maritime Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn
Reports
Concern with environmental emissions has focused attention on traditional forms of energy use in buildings, with a view to reducing and making more rational use of energy consumption. One area of concern is the traditional, refrigeration based, commercial air conditioning system, which has high levels of electrical power consumption in fans and refrigeration compressors. There is also concern among building owners and design teams, supported by the PROBE series of post occupancy studies, conducted by the CIBSE, that many buildings, with traditional forms of air conditioning, under perform in terms of occupant satisfaction, ease of operation and control, maintenance costs …
Closed Loop Identification Of A First Order Plus Dead Time Process Model Under Pi Control, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Closed Loop Identification Of A First Order Plus Dead Time Process Model Under Pi Control, Tony Kealy, Aidan O'Dwyer
Conference papers
Abstract -- This paper discusses the estimation of the parameters of a first order plus dead-time process model using the closed-loop step response data of the process under proportional plus integral (PI) control. The proportional gain and the integral time, in the PI controller, are chosen such that the closed-loop step response exhibits an under-damped response. From this response data, five characteristic points are used to determine a second order plus dead-time model and subsequently, the frequency response of the closed-loop system. Knowing the dynamics of the closed-loop system and the dynamics of the controller, the open-loop dynamics of the …