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Articles 931 - 960 of 5699
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Modeling Situation Awareness In A Uav Scenario Using Sysml, Tommy R. Hernandez
Modeling Situation Awareness In A Uav Scenario Using Sysml, Tommy R. Hernandez
Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is rapidly moving towards using increasingly automated systems. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) will be used in contested environments where direct human control may be impossible for long stretches of time. This increase in automation brings with it challenges in maintaining resilient Situation Awareness (SA) for operators, who still need to set goals for the UAS to accomplish their missions. Simultaneously, the DoD is increasing the adoption of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in the development of weapon systems. This thesis explores the use of SysML to model of an SA repair system for a UAS …
Robust Scandium Aluminum Nitride Mems Resonators For L Band Operation In Orbital Environments, Israel W. Dunk
Robust Scandium Aluminum Nitride Mems Resonators For L Band Operation In Orbital Environments, Israel W. Dunk
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates AlN alloyed with scandium in a variety of resonator architectures including WEM, overtone WEM, LEM, and SAW that have the potential to achieve high levels of electrical performance and environmental robustness. SAW resonators operating near 370 MHz are fabricated on polycrystalline Sc.37Al.63N, and AlN with the resulting devices compared and conclusions drawn as to the merits of each material. The design and fabrication of SAW devices is discussed in detail, with the operating characteristics of these resonators then tested both electrically and mechanically. Mechanical characterisation includes analysis of vibration and shock effects on …
Error Reduction For The Determination Of Transverse Moduli Of Single-Strand Carbon Fibers Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Joshua D. Frey
Error Reduction For The Determination Of Transverse Moduli Of Single-Strand Carbon Fibers Via Atomic Force Microscopy, Joshua D. Frey
Theses and Dissertations
The transverse modulus of single strand carbon fibers is measured using PeakForce Atomic Force Microscopy - Quantitative Nanomechanical Measurement to less than 5 percent error for 11 types of carbon fiber with longitudinal moduli between 924-231 GPA, including export-controlled fibers. Statistical methods are employed to improve the quality of data to exclude outliers within an measurement and within the sample set. A positive linear correlation between the longitudinal and transverse modulus with an R2=0.76 is found. Pitch-based fibers exhibit lower measurement error than PAN-based fibers, while PAN fibers exhibited no apparent modulus correlation when the Pitch fibers are …
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among East Asian Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Meaghan E. Crandell
Examining The Impact Of Logistics On Military Strength Among East Asian Nations Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Meaghan E. Crandell
Theses and Dissertations
The current narrative in logistics revolves around modernization and the rapid development and deployment of capabilities, which is a sentiment echoed across the Air Force and the DoD alike. However, the combination of intangible and tangible aspects of logistics can make it challenging to find a foundational place to start the process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate logistical factors to include land area, infrastructure, labor force, and GDP and their relationship to military power. This foundation will provide a baseline of areas for improvement and replication. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and linear regression were leveraged to analyze …
Examining Military Cargo Pilots' Eco-Friendly Flying Intention, Ioan A. Gaitan
Examining Military Cargo Pilots' Eco-Friendly Flying Intention, Ioan A. Gaitan
Theses and Dissertations
The US Air Force is the largest operational energy consumer within the Department of Defense primarily due to aviation fuel use. Military pilots can play important roles in saving aviation fuel by flying aircraft in an eco-friendly manner. According to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), intention is the major predictor of behavior. This study tests two models based on TPB for understanding cargo pilots’ eco-friendly intentions when they conduct channel or logistics missions. The study found that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control were significant antecedents to intention in a multiple regression with aggregated scales.
Enumerating And Locating Bluetooth Devices For Casualty Recovery In A First-Responder Environment, Justin M. Durham
Enumerating And Locating Bluetooth Devices For Casualty Recovery In A First-Responder Environment, Justin M. Durham
Theses and Dissertations
It is difficult for first-responders to quickly locate casualties in an emergency environment such as an explosion or natural disaster. In order to provide another tool to locate individuals, this research attempts to identify and estimate the location of devices that would likely be located on or with a person. A variety of devices, such as phones, smartwatches, and Bluetooth-enabled locks, are tested in multiple environments and at various heights to determine the impact that placement and interference played in locating the devices. The hypothesis is that most Bluetooth devices can be successfully enumerated quickly, but cannot be accurately located …
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Theses and Dissertations
The USAFRICOM is studying methods to increase the resiliency of its West African Logistic Network, a hub-and-spoke network design responsible for sustaining long term humanitarian and security missions in the West Africa region. This paper employs a two-stage stochastic programming network design modeled on the WALN that builds a flexible supply chain capable of responding to periodic disruptions while maintaining peak resiliency. Elements such as cost, probability, and event-based disruption are integrated into the model to mirror challenges the WALN faces. We demonstrate that incorporating resilient based response mechanism provide a 90% reduction in cost compared to meeting the logistical …
Resilient Maintenance Infrastructure: Dynamic Repair Network Designs To Effectively Manage Supply Chain Disruptions, David W. Wallace Iii
Resilient Maintenance Infrastructure: Dynamic Repair Network Designs To Effectively Manage Supply Chain Disruptions, David W. Wallace Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Supply chains are facing numerous changes contributing to their increase in complexity and vulnerability to disruptions. Subsequently, decision-makers lack a transparent, generalizable tool to quantify supply chain resilience and assess additional resilience investments. This research facilitates a more profound understanding of the intricacies and interrelation of supply chain nodes and constructs. It integrates the Area under the Curve (AUC) metric to quantify performance or any organizational measure of competitive advantage amid a disruption. Due to its structural resemblance to various organizational platforms, the subset United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 engine repair and supply network is modeled employing discrete-event simulation. …
A Simulation Modeling The Effects Of Maintenance Personnel On Aircraft Sortie Generation, Benjamin D. Huffman
A Simulation Modeling The Effects Of Maintenance Personnel On Aircraft Sortie Generation, Benjamin D. Huffman
Theses and Dissertations
Commanders and wargamers lack adequate tools to quickly determine the number of mission-capable (MC) aircraft and number of achievable sorties to support wargames and exercises. Even less understood is the impact of available maintenance personnel on sortie generation. The Expected-Number-of-In-Game-Mission-capable Aircraft (ENIGMA) simulation was recently developed to calculate the number of MC aircraft and number of sorties own accounting for the number and type of aircraft, scheduled sorties, mean-time-between-failure (MTBF), and mean-time-to-repair (MTTR). ENIGMA is extended by replacing the MTTR input with functions derived from actual numbers and types of maintenance personnel available. Functions in the form of response surface …
Static Fatigue Of Hi-Nicalon™ S Ceramic Fiber Tows At 600°C In Air And Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Caleigh M. Nelson
Static Fatigue Of Hi-Nicalon™ S Ceramic Fiber Tows At 600°C In Air And Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Caleigh M. Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have the potential to be utilized in applications such as hypersonic vehicles, aircraft leading edges, hot sections of engines, and rocket nozzles. Of particular interest are advanced SiC/SiC composites that can withstand the elevated temperatures and harsh oxidizing environments while maintaining their properties and structural integrity under an applied load. Steam, a major component of combustion environment, is one such aggressive oxidizing environment. As steam passes through the SiC/SiC composite, entering the composite interior through the cracks in the SiC matrix, it becomes saturated with silicic acid, Si(OH)4. Before incorporating SiC/SiC composites in the …
An Analysis Of Application Type, Super Domain, And Productivity In Software Intensive Defense Acquisition, Evan P. Amato
An Analysis Of Application Type, Super Domain, And Productivity In Software Intensive Defense Acquisition, Evan P. Amato
Theses and Dissertations
The productivity of software developers has been an area of interest in the private industry in an endeavor to more appropriately interpret pertinent software development cost drivers. In an effort to better predict the cost of developing software, many have focused on Application Type as an important factor. The Department of Defense (DoD) has recently adopted a similar focus. Studies on categorization schemes of Application Types have shown increasingly relevant cost and productivity driving characteristics recently in the DoD. Identification of factors associated with distinct productivity effects is important for the defense acquisition and software cost estimation domains. Distinct factors …
Optimal Defense Of High Value Airborne Assets, Isaac E. Weintraub
Optimal Defense Of High Value Airborne Assets, Isaac E. Weintraub
Theses and Dissertations
Optimal control theory and differential game theory is applied to the study of the defense of high value airborne assets, particularly in the case of a single threat such as an adversarial aircraft or missile. Rather than utilizing onboard defenses of the high value airborne asset, defense is proposed using a teamed unmanned combat air vehicle. The common scenario throughout this dissertation involves the defense of a high value airborne asset (evader) teamed with an unmanned combat vehicle (defender) against a single threat (pursuer). The unmanned combat air vehicle (defender), provides defense in one of two ways: kinetic or directed …
Hybridized Spacecraft Attitude Control Via Reinforcement Learning Using Control Moment Gyroscope Arrays, Cecily C. Agu
Hybridized Spacecraft Attitude Control Via Reinforcement Learning Using Control Moment Gyroscope Arrays, Cecily C. Agu
Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning techniques in the form of reinforcement learning (RL) can solve complex nonlinear problems found within spacecraft attitude determination and control systems (ADCS). Three CMG arrays were implemented in two simulated spacecraft environments using a reinforcement learning controller. The performance of the controllers were evaluated using target profiles from traditional control law implementations, singularity measure, and variable initial state values. The current research demonstrates that while RL techniques can be implemented, further exploration is needed to investigate the operational efficacy of an approach for producing comparable performance attributes with respect to traditional control laws.
A Framework For Autonomous Cooperative Optimal Assignment And Control Of Satellite Formations, Devin E. Saunders
A Framework For Autonomous Cooperative Optimal Assignment And Control Of Satellite Formations, Devin E. Saunders
Theses and Dissertations
A decentralized, cooperative multi-agent optimal control framework is presented to offer a solution to the assignment and control problems associated with performing multi-agent tasks in a proximity operations environment. However, the framework developed may be applied to a variety domains such as air, space, and sea. The solution presented takes advantage of a second price auction assignment algorithm to optimally task each satellite, while model predictive control is implemented to control the agents optimally while adhering to safety and mission constraints. The solution is compared to a pseudospectral collocation method, and a study on tuning parameters is included.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Applied To Spacecraft Attitude Control And Moment Of Inertia Estimation Via Recurrent Neural Networks, Nathaniel A. Enders
Deep Reinforcement Learning Applied To Spacecraft Attitude Control And Moment Of Inertia Estimation Via Recurrent Neural Networks, Nathaniel A. Enders
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated two distinct problems related to unknown spacecraft inertia. The first problem explored the use of a recurrent neural network to estimate spacecraft moments of inertia using angular velocity measurements. Initial results showed that, for the configuration examined, the neural network can estimate the moments of inertia when there is a known external torque. The second problem trained a reinforcement learning agent, via proximal policy optimization, to control the attitude of a spacecraft. The results demonstrated that reinforcement learning may be a viable option for guidance and control solutions where the spacecraft model may be unknown. The trained …
Mechanical Properties And Performance Of A Novel Nano-Engineered Unitized Composite For Aerospace Systems, Benjamin C. Lam
Mechanical Properties And Performance Of A Novel Nano-Engineered Unitized Composite For Aerospace Systems, Benjamin C. Lam
Theses and Dissertations
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, such as exceptionally high tensile stiffness and strength, combined with excellent electrical and thermal characteristics. This research investigates the mechanical properties and performance of a newly developed hybrid nano-engineered composite. The carbon fiber/polymer matrix composite incorporates a forest of vertically aligned CNTs, called NanoStitch, between the prepreg plies. Basic tensile properties of both material systems were investigated for both on-axis [0/90] and off-axis [±45] fiber orientations at room temperature. Tension-tension fatigue tests were performed with a frequency of 1.0 Hz and a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R= 0.05. Fatigue …
Performance Analysis Of Long-Term Evoluution Signals In Passive Bistatic Radar Applications Using Reduced Dimension Space-Time Adaptive Processing Techniques, Sureshan Suntharalingam
Performance Analysis Of Long-Term Evoluution Signals In Passive Bistatic Radar Applications Using Reduced Dimension Space-Time Adaptive Processing Techniques, Sureshan Suntharalingam
Theses and Dissertations
Widespread availability of long term evolution (LTE) signals makes them potential for use in passive bistatic radar (PBR) applications. However, their utility in such applications is yet to be fully explored. This research focuses on the key LTE signal attributes, such as subcarrier modulation schemes and bandwidth, and their effect on PBR application. space-time adaptive processing (STAP) concepts, both full dimension STAP (FD-STAP) reduced dimension STAP (RD-STAP), were employed to evaluate and compare the effects of varying these signal attributes, in terms of signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) loss metrics. Simulation results concluded that decreasing LTE signal's bandwidth and increasing …
Density Measurements Of Neutral Xenon Using Multiphoton Ionization And Microwave Spectroscopy In A Hall Effect Thruster, Taylor J. Foy
Density Measurements Of Neutral Xenon Using Multiphoton Ionization And Microwave Spectroscopy In A Hall Effect Thruster, Taylor J. Foy
Theses and Dissertations
A new dye laser and microwave scattering system for measuring low speed xenon particles was installed to characterize a commercially sourced 600 W Hall effect thruster. The new system uses multiphoton ionization and microwave spectroscopy to determine number density and velocity measurements of neutral xenon atoms in the plume of a Hall thruster. A study was conducted to ensure the new system will be able to accurately measure these neutrals in future work. The ultimate goal of this new system is to isolate and characterize the extra thrust produced in Hall Effect Thrusters due to finite volume vacuum chambers.
Fatigue Of Two Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites At 1200°C In Air And In Steam. Effect Of Diamond Drilled Effusion Holes, Anthony R. Cabri
Fatigue Of Two Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites At 1200°C In Air And In Steam. Effect Of Diamond Drilled Effusion Holes, Anthony R. Cabri
Theses and Dissertations
The tension-tension fatigue behavior of two oxide-oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated at 1200°C in laboratory air and steam. Both composites consist of a porous oxide matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (NextelTM720) fibers. The first composite had an alumina matrix, while the second had an alumina-mullite matrix. First, we assessed the effects of incorporating mullite into the matrix material on fatigue performance by studying the tension-tension fatigue behavior of alumina-mullite matrix CMC. Second, we evaluated the effects of effusion holes on the alumina matrix CMC's fatigue performance. Specimens containing an array of 17 effusion holes of 0.5-mm diameter …
A Survey Of The Strategic Alternate Sourcing Program Offices Management Of United States Air Force Diminishing Manufacturing Sources And Material Shortages Subject Matter Experts, David E. Portée
Theses and Dissertations
The office designated by the Air Force to be DMSMS subject expert program office is known as the Strategic Alternate Sourcing Program Office (SASPO). Aided by the USAF Program Offices and DMSMS Subject Matter Experts, the SASPO is responsible for sourcing DMSMS resolutions as well as the organizing, training, and equipping of the Program Offices DMSMS Programs. Using quantitative research, this study conducts a survey, with the USAF Program Offices as the unit of analysis, to gain insight as to where the SASPO is doing well and where gaps exist in their program management. The analysis and conclusion identify where …
Gps-Denied Localization Of Daughter-Ships In A Mother-Daughter Ship Collaborative Environment, Ethan W. Jacquin
Gps-Denied Localization Of Daughter-Ships In A Mother-Daughter Ship Collaborative Environment, Ethan W. Jacquin
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates the possibility of using the communication link between a mothership and daughter-ship UAV and an Extended Kalman Filter algorithm as a replacement of GPS, assuming a ranging link exists between the mothership and daughter-ship and that the mothership is GPS-enabled. A simulation study examines the viability of the approach and the effect of parameters such as distance, altitude, roll angle, speed, ranging sensor noise, and inertial measurement unit uncertainty were considered. The magnitude of the errors between predicted and measured position were examined and a range of acceptable flight parameters was formed.
Charge Mitigation Technologies For Aircraft Platforms, Mitchell L. Rudy
Charge Mitigation Technologies For Aircraft Platforms, Mitchell L. Rudy
Theses and Dissertations
Research into ion-based advanced propulsion systems, such as air-breathing Hall effect thrusters on high-velocity aircraft and ion-propelled thrusters on spacecraft, necessitates addressing accompanying residual electric charge accumulation on the ungrounded flight platform. An experimental testbed was constructed to assess charge mitigation technologies and their effectiveness on aircraft. A Van de Graaff generator provided static charge accumulation levels exceeding a megavolt when combined with a high voltage direct current source generator. This research attached an isolated airfoil structure to the Van de Graaff generator's lower terminal to measure the induced leakage current under various applied environmental conditions, including up to three …
Evaluation Of Efficient Water Reuse Technologies For Sustainable Forward Operating Bases, Kelsie L. Crouch
Evaluation Of Efficient Water Reuse Technologies For Sustainable Forward Operating Bases, Kelsie L. Crouch
Theses and Dissertations
A secure water source is essential to the resiliency and readiness of military installations and contingency operation locations, especially those located in the dry climates the US military operates in today. There are multiple issues of concern when identifying water sources, such as security, cleanliness, accessibility, and sustainability. Water resources pose a potential vulnerability to mission readiness in a remote, agile environment, such as a forward operating base (FOB). Having a secure water resource helps facilitate mission readiness in the contingency environment, offering the opportunity to be more resilient and cost-effective. Current water treatment technologies present the possibility to perform …
Conversion From Coal To Natural Gas At Wright Patterson Air Force Base: An Analysis And Case Study, Tyler A. Ferry
Conversion From Coal To Natural Gas At Wright Patterson Air Force Base: An Analysis And Case Study, Tyler A. Ferry
Theses and Dissertations
Over the last 20 years, natural gas has replaced coal as the preferred fossil fuel for heat and power generation across the United States, due to its increased prevalence, lower cost, and reduced environmental impacts. While most conversion decisions are driven by cost savings, proponents of energy transitions often cite emissions reductions as a tangential benefit. Over the same time, climate change and its impact on the environment and society have come to the forefront of scientific inquiry. One example of the transition from coal to natural gas can be found in Dayton, Ohio. Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) …
Real-Time Aerial Magnetic And Vision-Aided Navigation, Daniel J. Clarke
Real-Time Aerial Magnetic And Vision-Aided Navigation, Daniel J. Clarke
Theses and Dissertations
Aerial magnetic navigation has shown to be a viable alternative navigation method that has the potential for world-wide availability, to include over oceans. Obtaining GPS-level accuracy using magnetic navigation alone is challenging, but magnetic navigation can be combined with other alternative navigation methods that are more posed to obtaining GPS-level accuracy in their current state. This research presents an aerial navigation solution combining magnetic navigation and vision-aided navigation to aid an inertial navigation system (INS). The navigation solution was demonstrated in real-time playback using simulated magnetic field measurements and flight-test captured visual imagery. Additionally, the navigation solution was flight-tested on …
Examining How Standby Assets Impact Optimal Dispatching Decisions Within A Military Medical Evacuation System Via A Markov Decision Process Model, Kylie Wooten
Theses and Dissertations
The Army medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) system ensures proper medical treatment is readily available to wounded soldiers on the battlefield. The objective of this research is to determine which MEDEVAC unit to task to an incoming 9-line MEDEVAC request and where to station a single standby unit to maximize patient survivability. A discounted, infinite-horizon continuous-time Markov decision process model is formulated to examine this problem. We design, develop, and test an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) technique that leverages a least squares policy evaluation value function approximation scheme within an approximate policy iteration algorithmic framework to solve practical-sized problem instances. A computational …
An Analysis Of Stability In Software Resources Data Report (Srdr) Computer Software Configuration (Csci), Trevor J. Violette
An Analysis Of Stability In Software Resources Data Report (Srdr) Computer Software Configuration (Csci), Trevor J. Violette
Theses and Dissertations
This research studies cost and schedule stability in programs that utilize Software Resource Data Report (SRDR) reporting standards. We find software programs at the Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) level show much lower levels of stability than previously published DoD stability research that focused on aircraft. A comparison of software development methods found little to no difference between Agile and Plan Driven methodologies. Critical Success Factors (CSF) were identified from prior literature and used to examine CSCIs from the SRDR dataset. Focusing on schedule or cost resulted in different variables showing significance. A CSCI is more likely to remain on …
Computational Electromagnetic Modeling Of Metasurface Optical Devices With Defect Study, Carlos D. Diaz
Computational Electromagnetic Modeling Of Metasurface Optical Devices With Defect Study, Carlos D. Diaz
Theses and Dissertations
One of the first fabricated metasurface optical devices, the in-plane V-antenna lenses, were plagued by a fundamental transmission limit (<25 >). Two distinct sets of Out-of-Plane phase elements were designed with improved transmission (~60 ). These were fabricated as beamsteerers and characterized in terms of their Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function measured as a function of scatter angle. Experimental data from the beamsteerers was analyzed via simulations using a finite element method (FEM). The measurements showed the designed beamsteering, but also a strong zero-order diffraction not present in the simulations, which motivated this study to understand what was causing these differences. …
Thermal Ignition Of A Combustible Over An Inclined Hot Plate, Salaika Parvin, Nepal Chandra Roy, Rama S. R. Gorla
Thermal Ignition Of A Combustible Over An Inclined Hot Plate, Salaika Parvin, Nepal Chandra Roy, Rama S. R. Gorla
Faculty Publications
In this study, the ignition characteristics and the flow properties of the mixed convection flow are presented. Detailed formulations of the forced, natural and mixed convection problems have been discussed. In order to avoid inconvenient switch between the forced and natural convection we introduce a continuous transformation in the mixed convection. We make a comparison between these situations which reveal a good agreement. For mixed convection flow, the ignition distance is explicitly expressed as a function of the Prandtl number, reaction parameter and wall temperature. It has been observed that owing to the increase of the aforesaid parameters, the thermal …
A Life Cycle Comparison Of Remote, Deployed Expeditionary Waste Management Scenarios, David J. Chester, Chandrani Mukherjee, Jeremy M. Slagley, Eric Mbonimpa, Thomas Hornstein
A Life Cycle Comparison Of Remote, Deployed Expeditionary Waste Management Scenarios, David J. Chester, Chandrani Mukherjee, Jeremy M. Slagley, Eric Mbonimpa, Thomas Hornstein
Faculty Publications
The current barrier to acquisition and utilization of viable waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies at remote or deployed expeditionary sites requires high capital and operation & maintenance costs. The impacts to environment and human health of differing expeditionary waste management strategies were compared using the Life Cycle Assessment software SimaPro 8.0. Emissions of individual waste management scenarios were compiled from peer-reviewed literature, converted to values compatible with SimaPro’s waste scenario inputs, and the calculated impacts compared using SimaPro’s pre-loaded methodologies. These calculated impacts and the economic impacts confirm that open-air burning of waste is not only dangerous to humans and the environment, …