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Air Force Institute of Technology

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Articles 811 - 840 of 5699

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Sar Collection Planning And Data Quality Assessment, Jacob M. Brumfield Jun 2021

Sar Collection Planning And Data Quality Assessment, Jacob M. Brumfield

Theses and Dissertations

Radar resource management is an important research topic in the radar community. Identifying the performance of a synthetic aperture radar image early into a data processing chain can improve intelligence collection mission performance. To achieve that goal, separate flags can be presented to a radar technician along a data processing chain to identify various errors within a data collection. Toward the end, this thesis analyzes he radar image processing chain and identifies data quality checks that could be implemented. The first quality check is to identify canonical targets and the necessary Nyquist-Shannon sampling requirements. Then, observations can be made to …

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Feasibility Study Of Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical Filters For Space Operation, Karanvir Singh Jun 2021

Feasibility Study Of Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical Filters For Space Operation, Karanvir Singh

Theses and Dissertations

Piezoelectric contour mode resonator technology has the unique advantage of combining low motional resistance with the ability to define multiple frequencies on the same substrate. Contour mode resonators can be mechanically coupled together to form robust band-pass filters for the next generation of GPS satellites with extreme size reduction compared to electrically coupled filters. Piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) contour mode resonators have the potential for monolithic integration with current ZnO transistor further reducing size, power consumption, and cost of filter modules. Barium strontium titanate (BST) contour mode resonators have incredible frequency tunability due to the fundamental nature of the thin …

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Examining The Influence Of Source Dependence On Supplier Performance In The Usaf Organic Supply Chain, Thomas A. Counter Jun 2021

Examining The Influence Of Source Dependence On Supplier Performance In The Usaf Organic Supply Chain, Thomas A. Counter

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to examine the U.S. Air Force's dependence toward sole sourcing and how that influences procurement outcomes in terms of supplier performance. This research used linear regression to explain the effect of source dependence and supplier size on performance categories for 326 suppliers. The five supplier performance categories in the study included timeliness, cost control, quality, business relations, and regulatory compliance. The research found that the USAFs dependence on sole sourcing had a small but statistically significant influence on all five aspects of supplier performance, with timeliness being the most adversely impacted.

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One Dimensional Study Of Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters For A Potential New Class Of Heavy Ion Drivers For Plasma Jet Driven Magnetoinertial Fusion, Patrick M. Brown Jun 2021

One Dimensional Study Of Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters For A Potential New Class Of Heavy Ion Drivers For Plasma Jet Driven Magnetoinertial Fusion, Patrick M. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Plasma Jet Driven Magnetoinertial Fusion (PJMIF) requires high velocity heavy ion drivers in order to compress a magnetized target to fusion conditions. Previous work with heavy ion drivers has revealed sub-par accelerations due to plasma instabilities; thus, it is necessary to investigate new methods of heavy ion plasma acceleration. One such method is Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters. Past studies of these thrusters have been conducted at an initial temperature at or below the energy of full ionization. Here MPD thrusters are investigated using a Godunov type MHD solver with a Harten-Lax van Leer-D (HLLD) flux solving scheme assuming the plasma is …

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An Analysis Of The Air Force Installation Development Plan And Its Energy Benchmarking Effectiveness, Jacob P. Hyman Jun 2021

An Analysis Of The Air Force Installation Development Plan And Its Energy Benchmarking Effectiveness, Jacob P. Hyman

Theses and Dissertations

Installation Development Plan (IDP) is a comprehensive long-term base planning document, which includes an inventory of sustainable development goals including energy use and climate indicators. This study analyzed 32 different IDPs among the various installations in the continental United States, identifying regional trends and behaviors across their 16 Sustainability Development Indicators (SDI). To study the IDPs more in depth, specific focus was placed on SDI 1, which concerns energy consumption and generation. This study investigated the different variations in energy benchmarking across local climate conditions, SDI ratings, and units used. Major inconsistencies were found across these three domains. Subsequently, the …

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Improving The Stability And Operability Of A Small-Scale Rotating Detonation Engine, Nathan T. Fiorino Jun 2021

Improving The Stability And Operability Of A Small-Scale Rotating Detonation Engine, Nathan T. Fiorino

Theses and Dissertations

A small scale RDE was designed with a channel diameter of 28 mm and channel gap of 2 mm and operated on nitrous oxide (N2O) and ethylene (C2H4) as the oxidizer and fuel respectively. Changes to the original Jets in Crossflow (JIC) injection scheme and spark plug ignition method were implemented to counteract previously observed wave instabilities. Successful detonation was observed over a range of mass flows (0.035-0.068 kg/s) and equivalence ratios (ɸ = 0.6-1.4) and a stable single wave mode with frequency up to 16.8 kHz was observed for the first time. Injection …

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Prioritizing Facilities Linked To Corporate Strategic Objectives Using A Fuzzy Model, Devin Depalmer, Steven J. Schuldt, Justin D. Delorit Jun 2021

Prioritizing Facilities Linked To Corporate Strategic Objectives Using A Fuzzy Model, Devin Depalmer, Steven J. Schuldt, Justin D. Delorit

Faculty Publications

Excerpt: Limited facilities operating and modernization budgets require organizations to carefully identify, prioritize and authorize projects to ensure allocated resources align with strategic objectives. Traditional facility prioritization methods using risk matrices can be improved to increase granularity in categorization and avoid mathematical error or human cognitive biases. These limitations restrict the utility of prioritizations and if erroneously used to select projects for funding, they can lead to wasted resources. This paper aims to propose a novel facility prioritization methodology that corrects these assessment design and implementation issues.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Recognition Of Armored Vehicles, Christopher Szul, Torrey J. Wagner, Brent T. Langhals Jun 2021

Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Recognition Of Armored Vehicles, Christopher Szul, Torrey J. Wagner, Brent T. Langhals

Faculty Publications

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is not affected by weather and allows for day-and-night observations, however it can be difficult to interpret. This work applies classical and neural network machine learning techniques to perform image classification of SAR imagery. The Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition dataset from the Air Force Research Laboratory was used, which contained 2,987 total observations of the BMP-2, BTR-70, and T-72 vehicles. Using a 75%/25% train/test split, the classical model achieved an average multi-class image recognition accuracy of 70%, while a convolutional neural network was able to achieve a 97% accuracy with lower model …

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Acquiring And Modeling Of Si Solar Cell Transient Response To Pulsed X-Ray, Lei Pan, Praneeth Kandlakunta, Matthew Van Zile, Xuezeng Dai, Jinsong Huang, John W. Mcclory, Lei R. Cao May 2021

Acquiring And Modeling Of Si Solar Cell Transient Response To Pulsed X-Ray, Lei Pan, Praneeth Kandlakunta, Matthew Van Zile, Xuezeng Dai, Jinsong Huang, John W. Mcclory, Lei R. Cao

Faculty Publications

We report on the acquisition and modeling of the transient response of a commercial silicon (Si) solar cell using a benchtop pulsed X-ray source. The solar-cell transient output to the X-ray pulses was acquired under the dark and steady-state light illumination to mimic the practical operation of a solar cell under different light illumination levels. A solar-cell circuit model was created to develop a fundamental understanding of the transient current/voltage response of solar cell at read-out circuit level. The model was validated by a good agreement between the simulation and experimental results. It was found that the solar-cell resistance ( …

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Characterization Of A Boron-Loaded Deuterated Liquid Scintillator For Fast And Thermal Neutron Detection, Bryan V. Egner, Michael Febbraro, James E. Bevins Apr 2021

Characterization Of A Boron-Loaded Deuterated Liquid Scintillator For Fast And Thermal Neutron Detection, Bryan V. Egner, Michael Febbraro, James E. Bevins

Faculty Publications

The preparation and characterization of novel boron-loaded deuterated liquid scintillators (BLDLS) are presented for the first time to investigate the performance of a detector sensitive to both fast and thermal neutrons intended for future neutron spectroscopy measurements. Three deuterated toluene-based scintillation cocktails were produced, one without boron, one loaded with ortho-carborane (natural boron isotopic abundance), and one with 96 wt% 10B enriched ortho-carborane. General optical and material properties were analyzed to include the composition, density, index of refraction, photoluminescence emission spectra, and absorbance spectra in addition to the relative light yield, resolution, relative efficiency, and pulse-shape-discrimination performance for all three …

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Impact Of Hurricane Michael (2018) On Local Vertical Total Electron Content, Joanna E.S. Williams, Robert C. Tournay, H. Rose Tseng, Daniel J. Emmons Ii, Omar A. Nava Apr 2021

Impact Of Hurricane Michael (2018) On Local Vertical Total Electron Content, Joanna E.S. Williams, Robert C. Tournay, H. Rose Tseng, Daniel J. Emmons Ii, Omar A. Nava

Faculty Publications

An analysis of vertical total electron content (TEC) estimates from the MIT Madrigal database is performed for the regions surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael (2018). Absolute and detrended TEC values show a noticeable increase during the tropical cyclone (TC) relative to fluctuations at the same locations prior to the storm. Direct comparisons of TEC perturbation magnitudes to the number of lightning flashes in latitude-longitude boxes surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael for each 5 min period of 10 October 2018 showed no visible trends. A similar comparison of the vertical TEC fluctuations with respect to the rainfall rates showed …

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Method For Radio Tomographic Image Formation, Richard K. Martin Apr 2021

Method For Radio Tomographic Image Formation, Richard K. Martin

AFIT Patents

A method for generating radio tomographic images is provided. A plurality of transceivers positioned around a region to be imaged is divided into a plurality of pixels. A control apparatus is configured to cause each of the plurality of transceivers in turn to send a signal to each of the other transceivers. The control apparatus is further configured to determine an attenuation in the received signals, generate weighing, derivative, and attenuation matrices from the signals, group the pixels into a plurality of provinces, select each province in turn and solve for a change in attenuation in each of the pixels …

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Twisted Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Random Fields, Milo W. Hyde Iv Apr 2021

Twisted Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Random Fields, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Faculty Publications

We present twisted spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) beams, which are partially coherent light sources that possess a coherent optical vortex and a random twist coupling their space and time dimensions. These beams have controllable partial coherence and transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM), which distinguishes them from the more common spatial vortex and twisted beams (known to carry longitudinal OAM) in the literature and should ultimately make them useful in applications such as optical communications and optical tweezing. We present the mathematical analysis of twisted STOV beams, deriving the mutual coherence function and linear and angular momentum densities. We simulate the …

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Ion Gnss Software-Defined Radio Metadata Standard, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Thomas Pany, James Curran Apr 2021

Ion Gnss Software-Defined Radio Metadata Standard, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Thomas Pany, James Curran

Faculty Publications

The past several years have seen a proliferation of software‐defined radio (SDR) data collection systems and processing platforms designed for or applicable to satellite navigation (satnav) applications. These systems necessarily produce datasets in a wide range of different formats. To correctly interpret this SDR data, essential information such as the packed sample format and sampling rate is needed. Communicating this metadata between creators and users has historically been an ad‐hoc, cumbersome, and error‐prone process. To address this issue, the satnav SDR community developed a metadata standard and normative software library to automate this process, thus simplifying the exchange of datasets …

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Wind Tunnel Wake Generator, Carl Pickl, James L. Rutledge, Marc D. Polanka, Brian Crabtree, Christopher Harkless Mar 2021

Wind Tunnel Wake Generator, Carl Pickl, James L. Rutledge, Marc D. Polanka, Brian Crabtree, Christopher Harkless

AFIT Patents

A wake generator for placement in a wind tunnel between a wind source and a test object for generating a predetermined wake pattern, comprising: a first frame member comprising a first track formed thereon, the first track having a rounded first side and a flat second side; a mounting plate disposed within a perimeter of the first track, the mounting plate rotatable relative to the first frame member about a first axis; and a plurality of bars slidably engaged to the mounting plate and structurally configured to traverse along the first track when the mounting plate is rotated about the …

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Developing A Cost Of Delay (Cod) Framework For The Dod & Analyzing The Current State Of Air Force Agile Cost Estimation, James Goljan Mar 2021

Developing A Cost Of Delay (Cod) Framework For The Dod & Analyzing The Current State Of Air Force Agile Cost Estimation, James Goljan

Theses and Dissertations

The study has two research objectives. The first research objective develops a proof of concept for a Cost of Delay (CoD) framework to evaluate the Air Forces Kessel Run Software Factory. CoD provides a means to justify and prioritize competing interests regarding budgetary, manpower, and overall strategic decisions. DoD organizations can employ a cost minimization framework to conduct CoD Analysis. The results demonstrate Software Factories eschew trends in the literature towards more complicated cost models that incorporate machine learning with Data-Based techniques in lieu of simpler models that utilize Engineering Build-up Capacity Based techniques.

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Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith Mar 2021

Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith

AFIT Patents

A passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor an optical fiber a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure formed on a cleaved tip of an optical fighter that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.

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Weather-Related Construction Delays In A Changing Climate: A Systematic State-Of-The-Art Review, Steven J. Schuldt, Matthew R. Nicholson, Yaquarri A. Adams Ii, Justin D. Delorit Mar 2021

Weather-Related Construction Delays In A Changing Climate: A Systematic State-Of-The-Art Review, Steven J. Schuldt, Matthew R. Nicholson, Yaquarri A. Adams Ii, Justin D. Delorit

Faculty Publications

Adverse weather delays forty-five percent of construction projects worldwide, costing project owners and contractors billions of dollars in additional expenses and lost revenue each year. Additionally, changes in climate are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of weather conditions that cause these construction delays. Researchers have investigated the effect of weather on several aspects of construction. Still, no previous study comprehensively (1) identifies and quantifies the risks weather imposes on construction projects, (2) categorizes modeling and simulation approaches developed, and (3) summarizes mitigation strategies and adaptation techniques to provide best management practices for the construction industry. This paper accomplishes …

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Meta-Heuristic Optimization Methods For Quaternion-Valued Neural Networks, Jeremiah P. Bill Mar 2021

Meta-Heuristic Optimization Methods For Quaternion-Valued Neural Networks, Jeremiah P. Bill

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, real-valued neural networks have demonstrated promising, and often striking, results across a broad range of domains. This has driven a surge of applications utilizing high-dimensional datasets. While many techniques exist to alleviate issues of high-dimensionality, they all induce a cost in terms of network size or computational runtime. This work examines the use of quaternions, a form of hypercomplex numbers, in neural networks. The constructed networks demonstrate the ability of quaternions to encode high-dimensional data in an efficient neural network structure, showing that hypercomplex neural networks reduce the number of total trainable parameters compared to their real-valued …

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Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii Mar 2021

Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii

Theses and Dissertations

The cost, time, and quality pillars of the iron triangle in project management are often considered the most important factors for managers to consider when striving to achieve project success. However, recent literature suggests customer satisfaction and end-user benefit are the most important elements to prioritize during project development. This research analyzes the Air Force Security Assistance Center Construction Division and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) joint construction operations in relation to two Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) knowledge areas, project stakeholder management and project risk management. Project stakeholder management is addressed by identifying the relationship between cultural competency and …

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Exploring The Limits Of Strategic Thought: Evaluating How Different Communication Modalities Affect The Nature Of Strategic Decision-Making Using Cognitive Hierarchy, Stephen D. Donnel Mar 2021

Exploring The Limits Of Strategic Thought: Evaluating How Different Communication Modalities Affect The Nature Of Strategic Decision-Making Using Cognitive Hierarchy, Stephen D. Donnel

Theses and Dissertations

This research examines and quantifies the degree to which both information communication modality and the situational complexity affect individuals' ability to process the provided information and determine an effective strategy. Human subject testing herein consists of benign benevolent intervention involving the presentation of a series of strategic situations. For each situation, a participant attempts to identify their best response for a two-player, normal-form game with complete information. In each such game, players seek to maximize their own utility while considering their own actions, their opponent's actions, and each player's respective preferences over outcomes resulting from the possible combinations of actions. …

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Air Combat Maneuvering Via Operations Research And Artificial Intelligence Methods, James B. Crumpacker Mar 2021

Air Combat Maneuvering Via Operations Research And Artificial Intelligence Methods, James B. Crumpacker

Theses and Dissertations

Within visual range air combat requires rapid, sequential decision-making to survive and defeat the adversary. Fighter pilots spend years perfecting maneuvers for these types of engagements, yet the emergence of unmanned, autonomous vehicle technologies elicits a natural question - can an autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicle (AUCAV) be imbued with the necessary artificial intelligence to perform air combat maneuvering tasks independently? We formulate and solve the air combat maneuvering problem to examine this question, developing a Markov decision process model to control an AUCAV seeking to destroy a maneuvering adversarial vehicle. An approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach implementing neural network …

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Re-Aerosolization Of Dense Metal Oxide Simulating Radiological Contamination From Military Clothing, Joseph M. Chapman Mar 2021

Re-Aerosolization Of Dense Metal Oxide Simulating Radiological Contamination From Military Clothing, Joseph M. Chapman

Theses and Dissertations

Radiological contamination from nuclear accidents or the terrorist use of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) are events that first responders must be prepared for. It is currently assumed that removal of the victims clothing will remove 80-90 of contamination. Many RDD radioisotopes produce dense aerosols that would then contaminate victim clothing and re-aerosolize during clothing removal. A series of experiments were conducted during which clothing was contaminated with a dense aerosol simulating the radioisotope of Strontium 90. Compared to background, there was statistically significant re-aerosolization from the clothing. This demonstrates inhalation hazards from re-aerosolization of RDD contamination.

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The Autonomous Attack Aviation Problem, John C. Goodwill Mar 2021

The Autonomous Attack Aviation Problem, John C. Goodwill

Theses and Dissertations

An autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicle (AUCAV) performing an air-to-ground attack mission must make sequential targeting and routing decisions under uncertainty. We formulate a Markov decision process model of this autonomous attack aviation problem (A3P) and solve it using an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach. We develop an approximate policy iteration algorithm that implements a least squares temporal difference learning mechanism to solve the A3P. Basis functions are developed and tested for application within the ADP algorithm. The ADP policy is compared to a benchmark policy, the DROP policy, which is determined by repeatedly solving a deterministic orienteering problem as …

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An Analysis Of Various Hydrogen Production Methods For Fleet Vehicle Fuel, Eugene J. Denezza Ii Mar 2021

An Analysis Of Various Hydrogen Production Methods For Fleet Vehicle Fuel, Eugene J. Denezza Ii

Theses and Dissertations

As conflict, the environment, and politics cause changes around the world, the United States Air Force is pursuing a diversification of drop-in and alternative fuel sources. Hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles are gaining popularity worldwide. Yet, how to best produce hydrogen gas still remains a question. This thesis will provide an overview of various hydrogen production methods and their respective environmental impacts, costs, efficiencies, and viability; and will perform sensitivity analysis to determine an optimal solution. The optimal production method is Thermolysis followed by Steam Reformation of Landfill or Natural Gas, Coal Gasification, and PEM Electrolysis. Based on varying requirements …

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Bayesian Augmentation Of Cnn-Lstm For Video Classification With Uncertainty Measures, Emmie K. Swize Mar 2021

Bayesian Augmentation Of Cnn-Lstm For Video Classification With Uncertainty Measures, Emmie K. Swize

Theses and Dissertations

The success of Department of Defense (DoD) missions rely heavily on intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, which supply information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary. To secure this information, satellites and unmanned aircraft systems collect video data to be classified by either humans or machine learning networks. Traditional automated video classification methods lack measures of uncertainty, meaning the network is unable to identify those cases in which it predictions are made with significant uncertainty. This leads to misclassification, as the traditional network classifies each observation with same amount of certainty, no matter what the observation …

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Utilizing Model Based Systems Engineering To Identify Safety Critical Functions In Airworthiness Certification, Jeffrey C. King Mar 2021

Utilizing Model Based Systems Engineering To Identify Safety Critical Functions In Airworthiness Certification, Jeffrey C. King

Theses and Dissertations

Modern aircraft are complex systems with numerous interacting hardware and software components. To minimize any safety mishaps during operations, new aircraft designs and modifications must go through an airworthiness certification. The current United States Air Force (USAF) airworthiness certification process, captured in MIL-HDBK-516C, is time-consuming and manpower intensive due to extensive documentation. To minimize inefficiencies of this document-based approach, this thesis examined model-based systems engineering (MBSE) to support Safety Critical Function (SCF) thread analysis against criteria found in Section 15 of MIL-HDBK-516C. Within this scope, the research identified an SCF domain-specific profile and style guide using the Systems Modeling Language …

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A State-Based Model For Validating Autonomous Munition Behaviors, Dalton J. Miller Mar 2021

A State-Based Model For Validating Autonomous Munition Behaviors, Dalton J. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Autonomous munitions provide an opportunity for the Department of Defense (DoD) to extend the capabilities of operators in combat situations. However, there is also a need for a high level of trust in the effectiveness and accuracy of these systems. With the advent of model-based standards in autonomy and munitions, there is a need to implement these techniques toward an effective modeling and simulation (MS) capability. By leveraging modern MS tools such as Cameo Systems Modeler and the DoD's Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM), this thesis proposes a framework for simulating complex autonomy architectures within high fidelity …

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Data- Driven Asset Degradation Modeling: An Enterprise-Wide Roof System Case Study, Kurt R. Lamm Mar 2021

Data- Driven Asset Degradation Modeling: An Enterprise-Wide Roof System Case Study, Kurt R. Lamm

Theses and Dissertations

Organizations with large facility and infrastructure portfolios have used asset management databases for over ten years to collect and standardize asset condition data. Decision makers use this data to predict asset degradation and expected service life, enabling prioritized maintenance, repair, and renovation actions that reduce asset life-cycle costs and achieve organizational objectives. However, these asset condition forecasts are calculated using standardized, self-correcting distribution models that rely on continuous functions. This research presents four step wise asset condition forecast models that utilize historical asset inspection data to improve prediction accuracy: (1) Slope, (2) Weighted Slope, (3) Condition-intelligent Weighted Slope, and (4) …

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Assessing The Effectiveness Of Afwerx Ability To Influence Regional Participation Rates And Capture Cluster Specific Technological Innovations, Colin M. Sandor Mar 2021

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Afwerx Ability To Influence Regional Participation Rates And Capture Cluster Specific Technological Innovations, Colin M. Sandor

Theses and Dissertations

The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) emphasized capturing innovation through partnerships with non-traditional defense contractors. Furthermore, the NDS outlined the need to rapidly acquire new technologies to maintain a competitive advantage against our adversaries. The AFWERX program is the Air Forces attempt to accomplish these goals. AFWERX seeks to capture innovations occurring within the private sector of the United States by placing itself geographically within top innovation ecosystems. An approach that creates a setting where the Air Force is one of many investors, who benefit from the learning and investments across the entire network. The research within this paper examines …

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