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Articles 4651 - 4680 of 5699
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Issues And Challenges In Validating Military Simulation Models, Michael R. Elmer
Issues And Challenges In Validating Military Simulation Models, Michael R. Elmer
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to address the challenges of validating simulation models, especially those challenges facing military simulation analysts. Three distinct issues are of concern to the military simulation analyst: (1) What type of validation effort do the academic experts recommend? (2) What does the military policy say is necessary for a proper validation effort? (3) What can a simulation practitioner realistically accomplish given time and resource constraints? Four methodologies were chosen to represent the academic perspective on validation. A model of validation methods is integrated from the methodologies of these four simulation validation references. The validation policies …
Comparison Of The Ralph Smith And The Time Domain Flying Qualities Criteria, Lori A. Carlucci
Comparison Of The Ralph Smith And The Time Domain Flying Qualities Criteria, Lori A. Carlucci
Theses and Dissertations
Aircraft pitch response is a crucial element of piloted vehicle flying qualities. The short term pitch response has created controversy over the form and substance of any requirements. Currently there are six different methods for evaluation in MIL-STD-1797A. There are many other methods which have been proposed. The biggest problem is that many of these methods often give conflicting results. The overall goal of the present effort is to compare and contrast the Time Domain criterion and the Ralph Smith criterion. By examining these methods on common grounds, areas of agreement and discrepancies can be found. Parametric studies are performed …
Binary Gas Mixture Analysis With An Interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (Igefet) Microsensor, John M. Wiseman
Binary Gas Mixture Analysis With An Interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (Igefet) Microsensor, John M. Wiseman
Theses and Dissertations
Single component and binary gas mixtures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) were analyzed with a microsensor composed of an array of interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (IGEFET) sensor elements coated with copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-phthalocyanine thin films. Improvements in the IGEFET microsensor design and operation facilitated simultaneous measurement of ihe direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electrical response of the metal-substituted phthalocyanine (MPc) films to challenge gas exposure. A finite-difference model of the interdigitated gate electrode (IGE) structure confirmed the fundamental operation of the IGEFET microsensor. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multilinear regression were applied to …
Investigation Of Residual Strength And Fatigue Life Of Unstiffened Aluminum Panels With Multiple Site Damage, Mark C. Cherry
Investigation Of Residual Strength And Fatigue Life Of Unstiffened Aluminum Panels With Multiple Site Damage, Mark C. Cherry
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple Site Damage MSD is the occurrence of small fatigue cracks at several sites within aircraft structures. This is important since it may lower the residual strength and fatigue life of the structure beyond what can be predicted using the damage tolerance technique based on a single crack, currently in use to design aircraft structures. This study investigated the effects of MSD on unstiffined panels. MSD usually occurs at rivet holes, or other stress concentration locations within an aircraft structure. This study simulated rivet holes with MSD, by using holes of constant diameter with small cracks, evenly spaced across the …
An Experimental Investigation Of A Sting-Mounted Finite Circulation Control Wing, Lorenzo C. Bradley Iii
An Experimental Investigation Of A Sting-Mounted Finite Circulation Control Wing, Lorenzo C. Bradley Iii
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the lift, drag and pitching moment performance of a circulation control wing in the AFIT 5-ft wind tunnel. The experimental wing model was a 20 percent thick, 8.5 percent camber, partial elliptical cross-section, single blowing slot, rectangular planform wing. The aspect ratios tested were 3.99, 3.77 and 3.75. The variables in the investigation included the slot blowing rate and model configuration. The model was modified by adding a leading edge nose droop, a trailing edge splitter plate and wing tip fences to improve flow at the leading edge, reduce separation effects, and encourage attached flow on the …
Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Behavior Of Cross-Ply Ceramic Matrix Composite Under Tension-Tension Loading, Dana G. Allen
Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Behavior Of Cross-Ply Ceramic Matrix Composite Under Tension-Tension Loading, Dana G. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of cyclic temperature and loading on the fatigue life of a ceramic matrix composite with a cross ply lay-up. The material used in this study was a potassium borosilicate glass (BSG) doped magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS) cordierite matrix reinforced with Nicalon (silicon carbide, SiC) fibers in a [0/90]4s lay-up. Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests were performed with a period of 180 seconds/cycle, or 0.00556 Hz, and a triangular wave-form. The temperature was cycled between 566°C and l093°C, and the stress levels varied between 60 MPa and 145 MPa. All tests …
Stress/Strain Ratio Effects On Fatigue Response Of A Scs-6/Ti-15-3 Metal Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Sean C. Jackson
Stress/Strain Ratio Effects On Fatigue Response Of A Scs-6/Ti-15-3 Metal Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Sean C. Jackson
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the fatigue life and damage mechanisms of a [0]8, SCS-6/Ti-15-3, metal matrix composite at 427°C for three different stress/strain ratios, R = -1, 0 and 0.5. Fatigue life and damage mechanism comparisons were made for the varying R ratios and between the load and strain control modes. Fatigue life comparisons show that on a maximum stress/strain basis as R is increased fatigue life increases while on a stress/strain range basis as R increases fatigue life decreases. Similar damage mechanisms were found between the R = -1 and R = 0 tests conducted at the same …
Application Of Mixed-Norm Optimal Control To A Multi-Objective Active Suspension Problem, John B. Allison
Application Of Mixed-Norm Optimal Control To A Multi-Objective Active Suspension Problem, John B. Allison
Theses and Dissertations
Mixed norm optimal control synthesis is used to solve a multiobjective suspension problem. The objective is to develop a controller for an active suspension system onboard a tractor semitrailer vehicle. The problem is first approached by using H2 and H∞ optimization. It is shown that by combining both techniques into one mixed norm optimization method, it is possible to exploit the strengths of each norm to provide superior performance. Two H2/H∞ designs were completed. One design concentrated on optimal performance at one design condition. The second design concentrated on providing the best performance possible at a medium …
Experimental Investigation Of A Supersonic Boundary Layer Including Favorable Pressure Gradient Effects, Joel J. Luker
Experimental Investigation Of A Supersonic Boundary Layer Including Favorable Pressure Gradient Effects, Joel J. Luker
Theses and Dissertations
This study used advanced laser Doppler velocimetry techniques to measure the turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses in Mach 2.8 turbulent flat plate and Mach 2.9 favorable pressure gradient (FPG) boundary layers. The FPG was generated using a convex curved wall and had a strength of ß = 0.1, where ß is Clauser's equilibrium parameter. The maximum magnitude of the 'extra' strain rates normalized by the main strain rates was 0.1, which meant the FPG was considered to be a strong pressure gradient. The fiat plate results indicated that the LDV procedures used in this experiment prevented angular biasing of …
Influence Of A Moving Endwall On The Tip Clearance Vortex In An Axial Compressor Cascade, Lawrence J. Peter
Influence Of A Moving Endwall On The Tip Clearance Vortex In An Axial Compressor Cascade, Lawrence J. Peter
Theses and Dissertations
This experiment involved the design, construction, validation and testing of a new facility for the investigation of vortices generated by compressor rotor blade tip clearance with a moving endwall. A five-tube pressure rake placed downstream of the trailing edge of a cascade of blades measured the pressure field for flow coefficients ranging from 20 to 1.66 and tip clearances of 0.33, 1.0, 1.7 and 2.4 percent chord. Contour plots of mass averaged pressure loss coefficient appear to show the no-flow tip vortex becomes entrained and diffused by the moving wall boundary layer. The high loss region near the moving wall …
Prediction Of An Axial Compressor Stage Characteristic From A One-Point Measurement, Shahnaz M. Punjani
Prediction Of An Axial Compressor Stage Characteristic From A One-Point Measurement, Shahnaz M. Punjani
Theses and Dissertations
This study focuses on predicting axial compressor stage characteristics using a single performance point comprised of mass flow, temperature and pressure rise coefficients obtained in experimental testing and a generic stage temperature characteristic. A new temperature characteristic is generated using a mapping technique where changes in stage blade angles are iterated from assumptions of free vortex flow and constant increment of flow turning angle with increased flow incidence. If additional data corresponding to the new curve are available, the characteristic is adjusted using non-linear least squares estimation, Essentially, the modified mapped curve results from a re-estimated change in the stator …
Frequency Effects On Fatigue Behavior Of A Unidirectional Metal Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Robert N. Pittman
Frequency Effects On Fatigue Behavior Of A Unidirectional Metal Matrix Composite At Elevated Temperature, Robert N. Pittman
Theses and Dissertations
The fatigue response and life of a unidirectional SCS-6/Ti-6-4 metal-matrix composite were examined under tension-tension, load-controlled conditions at elevated temperatures and different frequencies. Composite specimens were fatigued at frequencies of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 Hz, and at three stress levels. Plots of cycles to failure versus maximum stress and test frequency showed that fatigue life was more cycle-dependent at higher frequencies and more time-dependent at lower frequencies. Comparisons of tests at 427°C with their counterparts at 370°C and 538°C showed that these frequency effects were magnified as temperature increased: lower frequency tests at 538°C exhibited greater time-dependence than tests …
Vehicle Thermal Control With A Variable Area Inlet, Thomas R. Layne
Vehicle Thermal Control With A Variable Area Inlet, Thomas R. Layne
Theses and Dissertations
This study developed a variable area inlet and controller that regulated the temperature of an electrical component with ram air. The intent of the variable area inlet was to reduce vehicle drag by eliminating inefficiencies associated with component cooling and fixed area inlets. These inefficiencies arise from vehicles moving at varying speeds through varying air temperatures. The hardware model consisted of an electrical component mounted inside a right-circular cylindrical duct. The variable area inlet, mounted in the front of the duct, consisted of a butterfly valve that was actuated by a stepper controller acted on the feedback signal of a …
Investigation Of Aerodynamic Alterations For Improving The Kc-135 Boom Performance During Aerial Refueling, Debra A. Nawrocki
Investigation Of Aerodynamic Alterations For Improving The Kc-135 Boom Performance During Aerial Refueling, Debra A. Nawrocki
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the eligibility of the KC-135 air refueling boom for improved capabilities in the areas of control and performance. By using a thick airfoil cross-section for the boom tube, rather than the current circular cross-section, the ability to increase the lift characteristics was verified Prior compiled test data was used for comparison against analytical computer solutions. The possibility and effects of control frequency oscillations were also examined due to the unstable nature of the flow at test conditions. Additionally, the effect of other cross-section shapes, such as the blunt fairing, on the size of the flyable envelope for …
Effects Of Base Cavity Depth On A Free Spinning Wrap-Around Fin Missile Configuration, Jon A. Struck
Effects Of Base Cavity Depth On A Free Spinning Wrap-Around Fin Missile Configuration, Jon A. Struck
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the role base cavity depth plays in altering the overall subsonic aerodynamic forces on a free spinning axisymmetric body with wrap around fins. Wind tunnel usage allowed the forces to be monitored for varying base cavity depths and angles of attack. A base cavity depth analysis was also performed on a non-spinning axisymmetric body for comparison. Oil visualizations were conducted on the non-spinning configuration to further describe airflow patterns around the body and within the cavity. Results revealed that the aerodynamic forces, mostly drag, changed with increasing cavity depth but not to the extent previously believed. The …
Numerical Study Of A Transpiration Cooled Rocket Nozzle, Jay A. Landis
Numerical Study Of A Transpiration Cooled Rocket Nozzle, Jay A. Landis
Theses and Dissertations
This study proved that transpiration cooling provides a better cooling scheme than regenerative cooling for long operating duration, liquid-fueled rocket engine nozzles. This proof was made on the basis of maximum wall temperature. This study compared transpiration cooling to regenerative cooling in the throat region of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Main Combustion Chamber. The study also analyzed the effects of porosity, solid thermal conductivity, and porous sphere size on a porous wall made of packed spheres. The transpiration cooled nozzle operated 35% cooler than a regeneratively cooled nozzle, but the temperature gradient at the hot gas surface was 72 …
Full Lyapunov Exponent Placement In Reentry Trajectories, Michael H. Platt
Full Lyapunov Exponent Placement In Reentry Trajectories, Michael H. Platt
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the ability to control the chaotic reentry of a Delta-Clipper like vehicle by setting the values of initial arid final principal dynamical directions as well as the Lyapunov exponents. A model of the original controlled reentry vehicle was created through the use of the equations of motion in conjunction with an atmospheric model. A modified linear quadratic regulator allowed the set up of a boundary value problem which specified the Lyapunov exponents and determined the gain matrix as a function of time. The gain matrix can eventually be used in the control system of the vehicle.
Adaptive And Fixed Wavelet Features For Narrowband Signal Classification, Anthony J. Pohl
Adaptive And Fixed Wavelet Features For Narrowband Signal Classification, Anthony J. Pohl
Theses and Dissertations
The application of the multiresolution analysis developed by Mallat to signal classification by Pati and Krishnaprasad and Szu, et al, is further explored in this thesis. Several different wavelet based feature extraction and classification systems are developed and implemented. Methods which rely on the traditional dyadic wavelet decomposition and on the adaptive wavelet representation are presented. Each of the classification systems is implemented for a labeled data set of narrowband signals. Finally, classification results on the full data set and on low frequency Fourier coefficients are provided as baseline comparisons for our work.
Experimental Investigation Of Non-Adiabatic Supersonic Slot Injection Into A Supersonic Cross-Flow, Kelly C. Tucker
Experimental Investigation Of Non-Adiabatic Supersonic Slot Injection Into A Supersonic Cross-Flow, Kelly C. Tucker
Theses and Dissertations
Turbulence and mean flow measurements were acquired downstream of a normal, supersonic (M=1.6), two-dimensional, slot injection into Mach 3.0 flow (Re/m = 15x106). Two non-adiabatic cases Ti/T∞ = 1.11 and Ti/T∞ = 0.93) were studied. Multiple overheat anemometry and conventional mean flow analysis, as well as shadowgraph and schlieren photography, were utilized to study the turbulent mixing layer. The mean flow data included the Pitot, cone-static, and Mach number profiles. The measured turbulence data included shear stresses, mass flux, total temperature turbulence intensities, and turbulent heat fluxes. The temperature and density variation …
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Theses and Dissertations
The current conduction mechanisms of 4H-SiC p+n mesa diodes were studied using current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T), capacitance-voltage-temperature (C-V-T), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), optical observations, and reverse breakdown measurements. Temperature and voltage dependencies of diffusion, recombination, and tunneling current processes are shown to be consistent with Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. Recombination currents having an ideality factor of A=1.85-2.1 yielded an activation energy of EA=1.56 eV, whereas for ideal recombination, A=2 and EA=1.6 eV. Forward I-V curves of poor diodes dominated by tunneling and recombination processes, showing low reverse breakdown voltages of approx. 100 V, can be correlated to DLTS results …
The Role Of Frame Selection And Bispectrum Phase Reconstruction For Speckle Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulence, Elizabeth A. Harpold
The Role Of Frame Selection And Bispectrum Phase Reconstruction For Speckle Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulence, Elizabeth A. Harpold
Theses and Dissertations
Frame selection using quality sharpness metrics have been shown in previous AFIT theses, to be effective in improving the final product of images obtained using adaptive optics. This thesis extends this idea to noncompensated speckle image data. Speckle image reconstruction is simulated with and without frame selection. Speckle images require the processing of hundreds of data frames. Frame selection is a method of reducing the amount of data required to reconstruct the image. A collection of short exposure image data frames of a single object are sorted based on sharpness metrics. Only the highest quality frames are retained and processed …
Applications Of Nonlinear Control Using The State-Dependent Riccati Equation, David K. Parrish
Applications Of Nonlinear Control Using The State-Dependent Riccati Equation, David K. Parrish
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the relatively new theory of nonlinear control using state dependent coefficient factorizations to mimic linear state space systems. The control theory is a nonlinear quadratic approach, analogous to linear quadratic regulation. All implementations examined in this thesis are done strictly numerically. This thesis is meant to provide a proof of concept for both satellite control and for an artificial pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels in diabetics by automatic insulin injection. These simulations represent only a first step towards practical use of the NQR method, and do not address noise rejection or robustness issues.
Photoluminescence And Electroluminescence Of Erbium And Neodymium Implanted Semiconductors, James R. Hunter
Photoluminescence And Electroluminescence Of Erbium And Neodymium Implanted Semiconductors, James R. Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) measurements were used to study the excitation of erbium- and neodymium-implanted GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs (x=0. 1, 0.3) pn-junctions. The rare-earth (RE) emissions were investigated as a function of ion dose, aluminum mole fraction, laser excitation power, and applied forward bias voltage for the implanted samples. Low temperature PL was also measured from Er doped silicon grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor-phase deposition (MOCVD) method using various growth parameters.. The MOCVD-grown Si samples were studied as a function of metalorganic source temperature, silane (SiH4) flow, growth time, and …
Analysis And Interpretation Of Ion Data Associated With Neutral Gas Releases In The Earth's Ionosphere, Timothy M. Shadid
Analysis And Interpretation Of Ion Data Associated With Neutral Gas Releases In The Earth's Ionosphere, Timothy M. Shadid
Theses and Dissertations
Barium and strontium release experiments were conducted throughout 1991 from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) to study both natural and man-made disturbances in the earth's ionosphere. A mass spectrometer on the spacecraft counted the Ba and Sr ions as the cloud expanded. In this study, data from the G-1 (in sunlight) and G-11b (in darkness) releases were modeled to understand the source of the ion signals. The model reproduced the Ba+ sun data well assuming photoionization (τ = 28 s) was the primary ionization mechanism. However, it was not able to account for the remaining ion …
The Automated Wingman: An Airborne Companion For Users Of Dis Compatible Flight Simulators, Mark M. Edwards
The Automated Wingman: An Airborne Companion For Users Of Dis Compatible Flight Simulators, Mark M. Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
A major problem encountered by users of distributed virtual environments is the lack of simulators available to populate these environments. This problem is usually remedied by using computer generated entities. Unfortunately, these entities often lack adequate human behavior and are readily identified as non-human. This violates the realism premise of distributed virtual reality and is a major problem, especially in training situations. This thesis addresses the problem by presenting a computer generated entity called the Automated Wingman. The Automated Wingman is a semi-automated computer generated aircraft simulator that operates under the control of a designated lead simulator and integrates distributed …
An Architecture For Dynamic Meta-Level Process Control For Model-Based Troubleshooting, John E. Friskie
An Architecture For Dynamic Meta-Level Process Control For Model-Based Troubleshooting, John E. Friskie
Theses and Dissertations
There are numerous methods used for troubleshooting devices. Each method has certain domains, knowledge requirements, and assumptions required for it to perform well. However, oftentimes no one method by itself is sufficient to completely solve a troubleshooting problem. Therefore, an architecture is required to control the combined use of many problem solving methods. The combination of multiple problem solving methods makes the troubleshooting process more robust in terms of device domains that can be dealt with and quality of diagnoses produced. Troubleshooting has two tasks: diagnosis and problem resolution. This research provides an architecture that allows dynamic method selection during …
Geostatistical Analysis Of Hydraulic Conductivity In Heterogeneous Aquifers, Craig S. Biondo
Geostatistical Analysis Of Hydraulic Conductivity In Heterogeneous Aquifers, Craig S. Biondo
Theses and Dissertations
Observations of the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneous alluvial aquifer at Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi are analyzed using parametric geostatistical approaches. Field studies have revealed that the heterogeneity of the aquifer hydraulic conductivity field controls the movement and dispersion of groundwater solutes. Therefore, a means of quantifying spatial variability is essential for the application of flow and solute transport models to practical problems. Application of these models requires a large number of hydraulic conductivity measurements. Geostatistical analysis and kriging estimation procedures assist in providing these large numbers of values when sampling designs have provided sparse …
Design, Fabrication, Processing, And Testing Of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Chemical Sensors, Brian S. Freeman
Design, Fabrication, Processing, And Testing Of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Chemical Sensors, Brian S. Freeman
Theses and Dissertations
Chemical microsensors are a new field integrating chemical thin film technology with solid-state fabrication techniques to make devices capable of detecting chemicals in the environment. This thesis evaluated commercially available fabrication processes and numerous sensor designs for working chemical sensors. The commercial processes used were MUMPS for surface micromachined devices and MOSIS for bulk micromachined devices. Overall, eight fabrication runs and 29 different designs were made. Of these designs, two were shown to work effectively. Other designs failed due to fabrication problems and design errors that caused release problems. One design that worked was a surface micromachined chemoresistor with interdigitated …
Evaluating The Feasibility Of Sequential Indicator Simulation In Reproducing Spatial Connectivity In A Heterogeneous Transmissivity Field, D. Duane Kenyon
Evaluating The Feasibility Of Sequential Indicator Simulation In Reproducing Spatial Connectivity In A Heterogeneous Transmissivity Field, D. Duane Kenyon
Theses and Dissertations
A Non-Parametric estimation technique was used to simulate realizations of a heterogeneous transmissivity field based upon sampled values from three different sampling scenarios. These realizations were compared to output from a parametric estimation technique with respect to truth as defined by an exhaustive data set of 6,000 transmissivity values. Estimated transmissivity fields were then used as input into a flow model from which fields of heads and specific discharges were obtained and compared. Given the financial limitations imposed upon the number and quality of samples reasonably available, Sequential Indicator Simulation, a non-parametric technique, was shown to be of considerable value …
How Location And An Action Standard On A Risk Ladder Affect Perceived Risk, Lonny P. Baker
How Location And An Action Standard On A Risk Ladder Affect Perceived Risk, Lonny P. Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Efforts to explain risk magnitudes often rely on a risk ladder in which exposure levels and associated risk estimates are arranged with low levels at the bottom of the ladder and high levels at the top. An experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that perceived threat varies with the location of a subject's assigned level on the risk ladder, and that perceived threat varies with the presence of an action standard on the risk ladder. Air Force Institute of Technology Professional Continuing Education students were asked to assume a particular level of a hypothetical hazard in their residences, to …