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Articles 301 - 330 of 5698
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Performance Of Humans And Agents In A Systems Modeling Language V2 Task: A User-Centered Evaluation Approach, Allen W. Dukes
Performance Of Humans And Agents In A Systems Modeling Language V2 Task: A User-Centered Evaluation Approach, Allen W. Dukes
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense is adopting Digital Engineering practices for its workforce. Simultaneously, the larger Systems Engineering community strives to modernize and define those Digital Engineering practices. These efforts to move from traditionally document-based approaches to pure digital implementations will require enhanced capabilities to manage and digitally track the lifecycle of a program or product. However, this growth must address tool design through an iterative process focusing on usability for many user types. Many tools and technologies exist but often lack an assessment of usability when engineers design tools for other engineers. Including usability when developing solutions for Digital Engineering …
Optimal Trajectory Solutions For Unmanned Pursuer/Evader Offensive Counterair Including Engagement Zone, Alexander Hansen
Optimal Trajectory Solutions For Unmanned Pursuer/Evader Offensive Counterair Including Engagement Zone, Alexander Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
This work considers a two-actor scenario of a faster, unmanned pursuer with an engagement zone (EZ) and a non-maneuvering mobile evader. The pursuer aims to capture an evader with a circular EZ. The EZ is dynamic and shifts as a function of the evader’s velocity vector. As the evader’s strategy changes, the EZ relative to the pursuer adjusts based on relative heading and speed of the two agents. Using nonlinear optimal control techniques, the optimal trajectory and minimum time to engage the evader are determined for various pursuer initial headings and positions through MATLAB simulation. The results build a control …
Influence Of Environmental Barrier Coatings On The Overall Effectiveness Of A Film Cooled Ceramic Matrix Composite Plate, Shane P. Lindsay
Influence Of Environmental Barrier Coatings On The Overall Effectiveness Of A Film Cooled Ceramic Matrix Composite Plate, Shane P. Lindsay
Theses and Dissertations
Silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites, a promising new potential upgrade over the conventional metals currently used for jet engine turbine blades, have a propensity to oxidize in a combustion environment. Engine manufacturers often apply environmental barrier coatings to prevent the composites from oxidizing. What is unclear, however, is how environmental barrier coatings effect underlying composite temperatures. This research examined the coatings’ effects by first characterizing the influence of environmental barrier coatings on the underlying temperature of a protected ceramic, then evaluating the significance of lateral conduction for cooling a coated ceramic, and finally comparing cooling results for coated and uncoated …
Rapid Passive Safety Determination Using Backward Reachability For Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operations, Kealy A. Murphy
Rapid Passive Safety Determination Using Backward Reachability For Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operations, Kealy A. Murphy
Theses and Dissertations
As the prevalence of autonomous space systems rise, there is an urgent demand for robust and precise safety analysis. The future of RPO necessitates coordination of satellites in a dynamic and congested space environment while avoiding collisions. Passive safety in RPO refers to the implementation of strategies that minimize the collision risk in the event of orbital or control deviations. This multifaceted problem includes maintaining KOZ, utilizing predictive modeling to anticipate collision scenarios, and designing spacecraft with robust GNC systems allowing for timely course corrections. The current literature’s focus has been on the separation distance between spacecraft as a primary …
Preliminary Assessment Of Cislunar Disposal Orbits, Ryan M. Sargent
Preliminary Assessment Of Cislunar Disposal Orbits, Ryan M. Sargent
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the disposal of end-of-life spacecraft from key orbits with a focus on minimizing delta-v expenditure and preventing debris propagation. Simulated Lyapunov and halo orbits around the L2 Lagrange point are analyzed for disposal feasibility. Both impulsive and continuous thrust methods are explored to achieve disposal trajectories. Continuous thrust will be modeled after a Hall thruster utilizing electric propulsion. Leveraging the Circular Restricted Three Body Problem framework, low delta-v cost trajectories are computed, with a multi-level correction algorithm optimizing total delta-v via heteroclinic connections. The study assesses various delta-v amounts for Earth-Moon system escape and evaluates the potential …
A Nonlinear Least Squarees Approach To Orbit Determination In Near-Earth Orbits, Ryan M. Vorst
A Nonlinear Least Squarees Approach To Orbit Determination In Near-Earth Orbits, Ryan M. Vorst
Theses and Dissertations
This work explores relevant scenarios to implement a Frequency on Arrival method using nonlinear least squares to determine a transmitting satellite’s orbit based only on measurements of the received radio frequency. Multiple relevant collection geometries, such as a target in prograde low earth orbit, in retrograde low earth orbit, in sun synchronous orbit, in near-perigee highly elliptical orbit, in near-apogee highly elliptical orbit, and in geosynchronous orbit, are simulated to collect theoretical received frequency data. Once data collection has been simulated, the theoretical apparent frequencies recorded are used in a nonlinear least squares method with differential correction to find a …
Evasion Strategies For Space Engagements With Unknown Pursuer Objectives, Stephanie L. Halsey
Evasion Strategies For Space Engagements With Unknown Pursuer Objectives, Stephanie L. Halsey
Theses and Dissertations
Realistic simulations provide a tool for operators to understand space tactics and also serve to inform decisions on the requirements of current spacecraft technologies. This research uses simulation to gain a better understanding of one-on-one orbital conflicts through orbital differential games and linear quadratic games. The results of this research find that a simple strategy for an evading spacecraft to successfully evade a more-capable pursuing satellite for a variety of potential goals is to thrust perpendicular to the direction of the pursuer. Specific estimation requirements to accurately determine the objective of the pursuer and successfully evade in a realistic scenario …
Evaluating Butterfly Orbits In The Earth-Moon Corridor For Ssa, Lunar Surface Surveillance, And Cislunar Disposal, Contessa G. Norris
Evaluating Butterfly Orbits In The Earth-Moon Corridor For Ssa, Lunar Surface Surveillance, And Cislunar Disposal, Contessa G. Norris
Theses and Dissertations
The increased space activity in the region of cislunar space has created a high demand to identify, track, and monitor Resident Space Objects (RSOs) and provide cislunar disposal routes for RSOs. This research investigates the practicality of various satellite maneuvers between orbits chosen from the butterfly and dragonfly orbit families. Several simulated trajectories are compared to show the feasibility of performing a maneuver in cislunar and lunar space between the L1 and L2 Lagrange points. Additionally, lunar surface space situational awareness (SSA) capabilities of northern and southern butterfly (BN/BS) orbits were evaluated and compared to provide the most favorable dynamic …
Human Performance Modeling Architecture With Hc-130j Mission Application, Stephanie G. Slimp
Human Performance Modeling Architecture With Hc-130j Mission Application, Stephanie G. Slimp
Theses and Dissertations
The DOD emphasizes digital engineering using Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), where MBSE includes SysML-based models of systems. Analysis of system impacts on the human operators and their performance typically occurs through non-MBSE approaches, if at all. One current process, considered the As-Is process for this research, evaluates human performance and workload using IMPRINT, a discrete event simulation (DES) tool. IMPRINT primarily exists as a standalone tool with limited built-in functionality to integrate with an MBSE tool. Using the HC-130J and its crew during a CSAR mission as the system, this research develops a generalizable and updateable human performance modeling architecture …
Rotorcraft Assisted Aircraft Inspection System: Creation And Component Assessment, Adam J. Warren
Rotorcraft Assisted Aircraft Inspection System: Creation And Component Assessment, Adam J. Warren
Theses and Dissertations
Aircraft require frequent inspections to perform their missions safely. Current visual inspection methods are time-consuming and dangerous for inspection personnel, but they are necessary to spot flaws that could endanger the aircraft during flight. This research explores a set of methods for transforming a set of target inspection criteria into camera specifications that will allow a UAS aircraft inspection system to perform inspections on the top skin of an aircraft. Given the minimum distance for the UAS to fly above the aircraft, minimum flaw size to search for on the aircraft, minimum number of pixels to display that flaw size, …
Advanced Oxidation Of Methyl Tert Butyl Ether With Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes, Aaron R. Neal
Advanced Oxidation Of Methyl Tert Butyl Ether With Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes, Aaron R. Neal
Theses and Dissertations
Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is a volatile, soluble, organic compound introduced to gasoline within the United States as a fuel oxygenator in 1979. MTBE is a common groundwater pollutant due to its high water solubility and resistance to bio-degradation; it commonly infiltrates groundwater sources via leaking underground storage tanks or fuel spills. This research employed ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced advanced oxidation process (AOP) to treat MTBE contaminated water at the bench scale. Using four H2O2:MTBE molar peroxide ratios (100:1, 200:1, 400:1, 500:1), MTBE degradation was induced …
End-User Device Management In The Air And Space Forces, Joshua Bonvissuto
End-User Device Management In The Air And Space Forces, Joshua Bonvissuto
Theses and Dissertations
When achieving technical superiority is a matter a national security, it is critical that the Department of the Air Force (DAF) employs a robust Information Technology Asset Management (ITAM) strategy that maximizes mission effectiveness. Since 2022, the Office of the Chief Information Officer (SAF/CN) has been developing a plan to transform the Air Force’s ITAM strategy, primarily intending to centralize End User Device (EUD) procurement to the DAF level. For this study, a Delphi study was conducted to gather expert opinions on key aspects of SAF/CN’s new ITAM strategy to identify strengths, weaknesses, and implementation challenges. This research provides valuable …
Life Cycle Analysis Of Mobile Nuclear Reactor Compared To Other Alternative Fuels In Indopacom, Maria J. Hurtado
Life Cycle Analysis Of Mobile Nuclear Reactor Compared To Other Alternative Fuels In Indopacom, Maria J. Hurtado
Theses and Dissertations
Energy is an item that makes the military vulnerable as it is something that they depend on the most which can have negative impacts. Mobile nuclear reactors are gaining the interest of many leaders in the military as a viable option of a potential alternative fuel source. There are many positives in utilizing mobile nuclear reactors in terms of environmental impacts and feasibility of transport. Studies have shown that mobile nuclear reactors can produce very low or negligible carbon emissions during operations. The focus of this thesis is to determine the environmental impacts of nuclear reactors, logistical requirements, and determine …
Spectroscopic Characterization Of Trivalent Holmium In Liyf4 And Bay2F8 Crystals, Vivian R. Hedberg
Spectroscopic Characterization Of Trivalent Holmium In Liyf4 And Bay2F8 Crystals, Vivian R. Hedberg
Theses and Dissertations
Yttrium-fluoride crystals doped with trivalent holmium are promising laser gain media for mid-infrared laser systems. To accurately model laser systems, a complete optical characterization of the laser gain medium is required. The key modeling parameters were obtained by a spectroscopic investigation of Ho3+ in LiYF4 and BaY2F8 crystal hosts. Several important mid-infrared laser transitions were characterized at nominal Ho3+ ion concentrations of 10-30 at.%. Polarized emission cross-sections were determined from the fluorescence spectra using the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. Polarized absorption cross-sections were obtained using the Integral Reciprocity method. The upper-state lifetimes were measured at room …
Cloud One Migration Schedule Drivers And Schedule Growth, Ryan J. Jansen
Cloud One Migration Schedule Drivers And Schedule Growth, Ryan J. Jansen
Theses and Dissertations
Cloud One, chartered in 2017 under the guidance of Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) leadership, continues to serve as the USAF’s leading cloud services and hosting platform by providing secure computing environments, application migration assistance, and data management. Prior research has yielded qualitative insights regarding Cloud One’s personnel requirements, application of technical performance, requirements fulfillment, security risks, and various other cost metrics, but schedule improvement recommendations based on the quantitative analysis of migration schedule data has yet to be provided. This research identifies trends within migration sprint schedules and completed schedule data for Cloud One’s completed application migrations. …
Level 2 Work Breakdown Structure Cost Growth Analysis, Kyle P. Marquis
Level 2 Work Breakdown Structure Cost Growth Analysis, Kyle P. Marquis
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis analyzes first and second level WBS elements of 59 historical USAF Acquisition Category I RDT&E programs for accuracy and influence on the overall program cost growth. For the accuracy analysis portion, the mean, 15th, and 85th percentiles of common practice estimates at completion are compared with the same percentiles for distributions generated using the data. The results reveal a trend of substantial underestimation of risks associated with cost overruns. For the influence portion, this thesis analyzes the effect that cost growth trends of different second level WBS elements have on cost growth of the overall program through regression …
Digital Airworthiness: Development Of A Sysml Based Framework For The Usaf Airworthiness Process, Justin T. Moore
Digital Airworthiness: Development Of A Sysml Based Framework For The Usaf Airworthiness Process, Justin T. Moore
Theses and Dissertations
In 2018 USAF decided to move towards a digital transition for programs and processes. To maximize the impact of initial transition efforts the airworthiness process was identified as a candidate for digital implementation. The airworthiness process is mandated for nearly every system or modification that flies. The airworthiness process identifies specific tasks that must be performed and artifacts that must be produced. This research worked to develop a framework that utilizes SysML to pattern these processes and the required artifacts. A system agnostic, importable library was developed using custom stereotypes and relationships for the purpose of application to digital system …
Assessing Military Parking: A Deep Learning Approach To Evaluating Standards And Impacts, Ryan D. Lalonde
Assessing Military Parking: A Deep Learning Approach To Evaluating Standards And Impacts, Ryan D. Lalonde
Theses and Dissertations
Current United States Department of Defense (DoD) standards require a minimum amount of parking for each building. This requirement defines how much off-street parking to construct. However, the impact of these requirements remains unclear. This study builds upon the emerging field of overhead imagery analytics by directly tying it to parking on military installations. Specifically, this study leverages a pretrained deep learning car detection model, Car Detection – USA, developed by Esri for use within ArcGIS, and couples it with open-access temporal imagery sourced from Google Earth Pro to assess selected parking lots across Area B, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, …
Computational Analysis Of Transverse Jet Interactions On A Cone In Mach 3.9 Crossflow, Tia Massa
Computational Analysis Of Transverse Jet Interactions On A Cone In Mach 3.9 Crossflow, Tia Massa
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this investigation was to analyze jet interactions using numerical simulations, which was compared to experimental data. A sharp cone with a 7-degree half-angle was modeled, along with the wind tunnel, using a 1:1 scale. Analysis of the data found the flow characteristics of the jet, including the bow shock and recirculation regions, were captured nicely in the CFD simulations, as well as the oblique shock off the nose of the cone. CFD simulations of the cone in a freestream environment depict shock-shock interactions not captured by experimental schlieren images. This research provides a rare glimpse into CFD …
Navigating Model-Based Systems Engineering (Mbse) Transition In The Department Of Defense (Dod): A Capability-Based Assessment (Cba) Use Case, Emily M. Tritschler
Navigating Model-Based Systems Engineering (Mbse) Transition In The Department Of Defense (Dod): A Capability-Based Assessment (Cba) Use Case, Emily M. Tritschler
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DOD) wants to implement Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) to accelerate and improve the acquisition process of increasingly complex systems. However, the department has not provided the necessary guidance on how to fully implement MBSE into our systems. This provided the following research opportunity: select a common DOD process, create an MBSE methodology, generate a model in accordance with that developed method, record the cost of modeling, and interview the model recipients to characterize their opinions on the investment. The research created a twelve-step methodology for application towards the gap analysis and characterization phase of a Capability-Based …
Improving Rogue Radio Emitter Detection Using Siamese Networks, Mason Wright
Improving Rogue Radio Emitter Detection Using Siamese Networks, Mason Wright
Theses and Dissertations
Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) is the process of creating discerning signatures of emitted radio signals, most often with the goal of identifying specific devices again in the future. The security benefits of this task are intended to build upon current software-based authentication by making use of multi-factor authentication (MFA), but the related task of being able to reject unwanted emitters is limited. This paper presents a Siamese network trained on two different extracted fingerprints of raw Wi-Fi signals, along with a verifier to perform classification and rogue device detection. It was found that fingerprints using the Distortion Reconstruction (DR) technique …
Gamma Protection Factor For A Surrogate Armored Vehicle Exposed To The Us Army Fast Burst Reactor, Ian J. Poropat
Gamma Protection Factor For A Surrogate Armored Vehicle Exposed To The Us Army Fast Burst Reactor, Ian J. Poropat
Theses and Dissertations
This work measures the Gamma Protection Factor (GPF) of a steel cube, which is meant to serve as a surrogate for armored vehicles. The GPF is measured at the White Sands Missile Range Fast Burst Reactor (FBR) and is modeled using MCNP® v6.2 transport simulation software. When exposed to the FBR, the GPF is found to depend roughly linearly on the distance between the reactor core and steel cube. The GPF is determined to be 1.176 ± 0.00067 at 9.21 m, 1.098 ± 0.0011 at 26.16 m, and 1.033 ± 0.00082 at 42.92 m. MCNP® estimates the GPF for the …
A Machine Learning Approach For Multipath Characterization And Mitigation Using Chipshape Observations, Sean A. L. Quiterio
A Machine Learning Approach For Multipath Characterization And Mitigation Using Chipshape Observations, Sean A. L. Quiterio
Theses and Dissertations
Multipath continues to be a significant error source in satellite navigation. Recent solutions with Neural Networks (NN) model the effects of multipath on the autocorrelation function to predict errors in the Delay Lock Loop (DLL). Chipshape correlation provides a detailed look into the spreading code transitions in the time domain. It is useful in applications such as Signal Quality Monitoring (SQM) and is much more sensitive to multipath than autocorrelation. This research proposes NN models that each predict pseudorange or carrier range errors due to multipath by monitoring the chipshape correlation output. For a simulation with 50 MHz precorrelation bandwidth …
Techniques For Addressing Extreme Class Imbalance For Artificial Neural Networks Training, Colin W. Foley
Techniques For Addressing Extreme Class Imbalance For Artificial Neural Networks Training, Colin W. Foley
Theses and Dissertations
This research examined the class imbalance problem while training convolutional neural networks (CNN) by applying different techniques to combat this common issue. This research used a modified CIFAR-10 dataset along with a curated aerial image dataset. Methods covered included undersampling, oversampling, synthetic minority oversampling technique, Edited Nearest Neighbors and combinations of the aforementioned methods. This research found that undersampling methods tended to outperform oversampling methods. While undersampling methods showed a decrease in overall accuracy, the increase in minority class prediction performance was promising enough to warrant further investigation.
Analysis And Visualization Of Military Convoy And Supply Utilization In Support Of State-Specific Freight Plans, Madison E. Hofmann
Analysis And Visualization Of Military Convoy And Supply Utilization In Support Of State-Specific Freight Plans, Madison E. Hofmann
Theses and Dissertations
Researching the United States military’s use of highways and interstates is necessary for the allocation of federal infrastructure spending. As of today, there is no established method, tool, or process routinely utilized by the Surface Deployment and Distribution Command to effectively show a system-wide view of military convoy and supply route usage across CONUS. This research advances this endeavor by providing a by-state characterization of interstates and major highways in 2022, categorized by the volume of military freight they support. Some notable methodologies used to conduct the analyses are the shortest path problem, map matching algorithms, and Global Positioning System …
Neutron Spectrum Unfolding From Activation Foils Irradiated In Gamble Ii Using Deuterated Polyethylene Anodes, Christopher J. Smith
Neutron Spectrum Unfolding From Activation Foils Irradiated In Gamble Ii Using Deuterated Polyethylene Anodes, Christopher J. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Neutrons can cause irreparable harm to electronics, and experiments are needed to understand their effects fully. This work explores using pulsed power, which is low-cost compared to other sources, to create a useful neutron-rich environment. Deuterated polyethylene was used as anode and catcher material to generate the neutrons from the Deuterium-Deuterium (DD) fusion reaction. A simple, effective, and repeatable method was employed to directly cast deuterated polyethylene onto polyethylene sheets to fabricate the anode and catcher. The DD reactions were made by an ion beam-driven pulsed power generator, Gamble II, with the catcher located in the cathode. Zinc, copper, aluminum, …
U.S. Army Cadet Command Branch Prediction Model, Daniel M. Krizan
U.S. Army Cadet Command Branch Prediction Model, Daniel M. Krizan
Theses and Dissertations
The current system for providing US Army ROTC cadets their branches leaves significant uncertainty until the final pronouncement of branch assigned. This uncertainty can be alleviated by providing a prediction model for cadets to input personal data and desired branch to identify likelihood of receiving the request. This thesis produces a machine learning model capable of producing branch prediction for cadets.
An Integer Programming Model To Optimize Us Army Deployment Cycle And Maximize Unit Availability, Grant R. Engel
An Integer Programming Model To Optimize Us Army Deployment Cycle And Maximize Unit Availability, Grant R. Engel
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this paper is to determine an optimal cycle length, in months, that minimizes costs and maximizes availability for deploying units in the United States (US) Army. The US Army must be cost efficient while maintaining the flexibility required to adapt to dynamic mission demand. The current practice is to deploy units for a length between the range of 6 to 12 months; however, this varies from unit to unit and the best policy is not clear. We address these issues by forming a mathematical programming model with unique characteristics that distinguish it from others of similar design. …
Automated Image Registration For Titanium Aircraft Components Via Resolution-Robust Parallel Neural Networks, Paige T. Luebbering
Automated Image Registration For Titanium Aircraft Components Via Resolution-Robust Parallel Neural Networks, Paige T. Luebbering
Theses and Dissertations
Titanium alloys are vital to the structural integrity of military and commercial aircraft, comprising numerous critical components. These components are composed of microtexture regions (MTRs) that, at a specific size and orientation, can lead to aircraft failure. Existing MTR testing methods, such as Electron Backscatter Diffraction, often fall short in effectively detecting these MTRs without causing damage to the component. Addressing this gap, this thesis develops a Parallel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model tailored for multi-resolution image registration of Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) images to enhance MTR identification in a non-invasive manner. The findings reveal a significant enhancement in the …
A Multi-Objective Approach To Optimal Deployment Policies For Wireless Sensor Networks Using Drop Points, Noah E. Fox
A Multi-Objective Approach To Optimal Deployment Policies For Wireless Sensor Networks Using Drop Points, Noah E. Fox
Theses and Dissertations
This research addresses the development of deployment policies for aerially dropped sensors in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing meta-heuristic techniques, along with Monte Carlo simulation are used to identify policies with the aim of maximizing coverage and minimizing the number of sensors deployed. The policies developed from these techniques are then compared against uniform sensor distribution, as well as initial deployment policies that focus sensors in the center and edge of the region, as well as evenly deployed over the region. A total of 29 non-dominated policies were identified from the GA and …