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Articles 2221 - 2250 of 5700
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Half-Life Learning Curves In The Defense Acquisition Life Cycle, Adedeji B. Badiru
Half-Life Learning Curves In The Defense Acquisition Life Cycle, Adedeji B. Badiru
Faculty Publications
Learning curves are useful for assessing performance improvement due to the positive impact of learning. In recent years, the deleterious effects of forgetting have also been recognized. Workers experience forgetting or decline in performance over time. Consequently, contemporary learning curves have attempted to incorporate forgetting components into learning curves. An area of increasing interest is the study of how fast and how far the forgetting impact can influence overall performance. This article introduces the concept of half-life analysis of learning curves using the concept of growth and decay, with particular emphasis on applications in the defense acquisition process. The computational …
Using Inductance As A Tuning Parameter For Rf Meta-Atoms, Derrick Langley, Ronald Coutu Jr., Peter J. Collins
Using Inductance As A Tuning Parameter For Rf Meta-Atoms, Derrick Langley, Ronald Coutu Jr., Peter J. Collins
Faculty Publications
The resonant frequency of metamaterials structured with split ring resonator (SRR) meta-atoms is determined primarily through the capacitance and inductance of the individual meta-atoms. Two designs that vary inductance incrementally were modeled, simulated, fabricated, and tested to investigate the role inductance plays in metamaterial designs. The designs consisted of strategically adding sections to the SRR to increase the inductance, but in a manner that minimized capacitance variations. Each design showed a shift in resonant frequency that was proportional to the length of the added section. As the length of each section was increased, the resonant frequency shifted from 2.78 GHz …
A Real-Time Strategy Agent Framework And Strategy Classifier For Computer Generated Forces, Lyall J. Di Trapani
A Real-Time Strategy Agent Framework And Strategy Classifier For Computer Generated Forces, Lyall J. Di Trapani
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort is concerned with the advancement of computer generated forces AI for Department of Defense (DoD) military training and education. The vision of this work is agents capable of perceiving and intelligently responding to opponent strategies in real-time. Our research goal is to lay the foundations for such an agent. Six research objectives are defined: 1) Formulate a strategy definition schema effective in defining a range of RTS strategies. 2) Create eight strategy definitions via the schema. 3) Design a real-time agent framework that plays the game according to the given strategy definition. 4) Generate an RTS data …
Design, Fabrication And Testing Of Tunable Rf Meta-Atoms, Derrick Langley
Design, Fabrication And Testing Of Tunable Rf Meta-Atoms, Derrick Langley
Theses and Dissertations
Metamaterials are engineered structures designed to alter the propagation of electromagnetic waves incident upon the structure. The focus of this research was the effect of metamaterials on electromagnetic signals at radio frequencies. RF meta-atoms were investigated to further develop the theory, modeling, design and fabrication of metamaterials. Comparing the analytic modeling and experimental testing, the results provide a deeper understanding into metamaterials which could lead to applications for beam steering, invisibility cloaking, negative refraction, super lenses, and hyper lenses. RF meta-atoms integrated with microelectromechanical systems produce tunable meta-atoms in the 10 - 15 GHz and 1 - 4 GHz frequency …
Detecting Hardware-Assisted Hypervisor Rootkits Within Nested Virtualized Environments, Daniel B. Morabito
Detecting Hardware-Assisted Hypervisor Rootkits Within Nested Virtualized Environments, Daniel B. Morabito
Theses and Dissertations
Virtual machine introspection (VMI) is intended to provide a secure and trusted platform from which forensic information can be gathered about the true behavior of malware within a guest. However, it is possible for malware to escape a guest into the host and for hypervisor rootkits, such as BluePill, to stealthily transition a native OS into a virtualized environment. This research examines the effectiveness of selected detection mechanisms against hardware-assisted virtualization rootkits (HAV-R) within a nested virtualized environment. It presents the design, implementation, analysis, and evaluation of a hypervisor rootkit detection system which exploits both processor and translation lookaside buffer-based …
Simulation Modeling And Analysis Of The Impact Of Individual Mobility Augmentee Loss At The Tanker Airlift Control Center, Megan A. Leiter
Simulation Modeling And Analysis Of The Impact Of Individual Mobility Augmentee Loss At The Tanker Airlift Control Center, Megan A. Leiter
Theses and Dissertations
The Tanker Airlift Control Center (TACC) operates as the execution arm for Air Mobility Command's Global Reach mission. The Command and Control Directorate (XOC) monitors the execution of missions tasked to the 18th Air Force. Approximately 70% of the personnel on the operations floor are considered Individual Mobility Augmentees (IMA). Adjustments in manpower, specifically the loss of IMAs, at the TACC/XOCG may impact their responsiveness to mission deviations. This research develops a discrete event simulation using a combination of SME and historical data to capture the activities of a section of the personnel on the operations floor and the potential …
Adaptive Routing Algorithm For Priority Flows In A Network, Timothy J. Carbino
Adaptive Routing Algorithm For Priority Flows In A Network, Timothy J. Carbino
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents the development of an Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Priority (ARAP) flows in a Network. Devices in today's battle space require information to function. Additional bandwidth requirements for such devices place an increased burden on the already congested networks in the battle space. Some devices require real time information (high priority) and other devices will not require real time information (low priority). Existing protocols treat the network like an opaque entity and have little knowledge of user requirements. User requirement information is available in tactical networks and we can take advantage of the known requirements to better optimize …
Unsteady Specific Work And Isentropic Efficiency Of A Radial Turbine Driven By Pulsed Detonations, Kurt P. Rouser
Unsteady Specific Work And Isentropic Efficiency Of A Radial Turbine Driven By Pulsed Detonations, Kurt P. Rouser
Theses and Dissertations
There has been longstanding government and industry interest in pressure-gain combustion for use in Brayton cycle based engines. Theoretically, pressure-gain combustion allows heat addition with reduced entropy loss. The pulsed detonation combustor (PDC) is a device that can provide such pressure-gain combustion and possibly replace typical steady deflagration combustors. The PDC is inherently unsteady, however, and comparisons with conventional steady deflagration combustors must be based upon time-integrated performance variables. In this study, the radial turbine of a Garrett automotive turbocharger was coupled directly to and driven, full admission, by a PDC in experiments fueled by hydrogen or ethylene. Data included …
A Quantitative Methodology For Vetting "Dark Network" Intelligence Sources For Social Network Analysis, James F. Morris
A Quantitative Methodology For Vetting "Dark Network" Intelligence Sources For Social Network Analysis, James F. Morris
Theses and Dissertations
Social network analysis (SNA) is used by the DoD to describe and analyze social networks, leading to recommendations for operational decisions. However, social network models are constructed from various information sources of indeterminate reliability. Inclusion of unreliable information can lead to incorrect models resulting in flawed analysis and decisions. This research develops a methodology to assist the analyst by quantitatively identifying and categorizing information sources so that determinations on including or excluding provided data can be made. This research pursued three main thrusts. It consolidated binary similarity measures to determine social network information sources' concordance and developed a methodology to …
Intra-Procedural Path-Insensitive Grams (I-Grams) And Disassembly Based Features For Packer Tool Classification And Detection, Scott E. Gerics
Intra-Procedural Path-Insensitive Grams (I-Grams) And Disassembly Based Features For Packer Tool Classification And Detection, Scott E. Gerics
Theses and Dissertations
The DoD relies on over seven million computing devices worldwide to accomplish a wide range of goals and missions. Malicious software, or malware, jeopardizes these goals and missions. However, determining whether an arbitrary software executable is malicious can be difficult. Obfuscation tools, called packers, are often used to hide the malicious intent of malware from anti-virus programs. Therefore detecting whether or not an arbitrary executable file is packed is a critical step in software security. This research uses machine learning methods to build a system, the Polymorphic and Non-Polymorphic Packer Detection (PNPD) system, that detects whether an executable is packed …
Cross Hallway Detection And Indoor Localization Using Flash Laser Detection And Ranging, Istvan M. Prileszky
Cross Hallway Detection And Indoor Localization Using Flash Laser Detection And Ranging, Istvan M. Prileszky
Theses and Dissertations
A flash LADAR is investigated as a source of navigation information to support cross-hallway detection and relative localization. To accomplish this, a dynamic, flexible simulation was developed that simulated the LADAR and the noise of a LADAR system. Using simulated LADAR data, algorithms were developed that were shown to be effective at detecting cross hallways in simulated ideal environments and in simulated environments with noise. Relative position was determined in the same situations. A SwissRanger SR4000 flash LADAR was then used to collect real data and to verify algorithm performance in real environments. Hallway detection was shown to be possible …
Multi-Observation Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models For Anomaly Detection In Full Motion Video, Matthew P. Ross
Multi-Observation Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models For Anomaly Detection In Full Motion Video, Matthew P. Ross
Theses and Dissertations
An increase in sensors on the battlefield produces an abundance of collected data that overwhelms the processing capability of the DoD. Automated Visual Surveillance (AVS) seeks to use machines to better exploit increased sensor data, such as by highlighting anomalies. In this thesis, we apply AVS to overhead Full Motion Video (FMV). We seek to automate the classification of soldiers in a simulated combat scenario into their agent types. To this end, we use Multi-Dimensional Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models (MOCDHMMs), a form of HMM which models a training dataset more precisely than simple HMMs. MOCDHMMs are theoretically developed but …
An Application Of Con-Resistant Trust To Improve The Reliability Of Special Protection Systems Within The Smart Grid, Crystal M. Shipman
An Application Of Con-Resistant Trust To Improve The Reliability Of Special Protection Systems Within The Smart Grid, Crystal M. Shipman
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores an application of a con-resistant trust mechanism to improve the performance of communications-based special protection systems to further enhance their effectiveness and resiliency. New initiatives in the energy sector are paving the way for the emergent communications-based smart grid technology. Smart grids incorporate modern technologies in an effort to be more reliable and efficient. However, with the benefits of this new technology comes added risk. This research utilizes a con-resistant trust mechanism as a method to quickly identify malicious or malfunctioning protection system nodes in order to mitigate the resulting instabilities in the smart grid. The feasibility …
Implementation Of Branch-Point-Tolerant Wavefront Reconstructor For Strong Turbulence Compensation, Michael J. Steinbock
Implementation Of Branch-Point-Tolerant Wavefront Reconstructor For Strong Turbulence Compensation, Michael J. Steinbock
Theses and Dissertations
Branch points arise in optical transmissions due to strong atmospheric turbulence, long propagation paths, or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these conditions are very often present in desired operational scenarios for laser weapon systems, optical communication, and covert imaging, which suffer greatly when traditional adaptive optics systems either cannot sense branch points or implement non-optimal methods for sensing and correcting branch points. Previous research by Pellizzari presented a thorough analysis of various novel branch point tolerant reconstructors in the absence of noise. In this research a realistic model of the Air Force Institute of Technology's adaptive optics system is developed …
Converting Three-Component To Four-Component Image (2012), Ronald S. Cok, Michael E. Miller
Converting Three-Component To Four-Component Image (2012), Ronald S. Cok, Michael E. Miller
AFIT Patents
A method of converting a three-or-more-color-component image input signal to an image output signal includes acquiring an input signal having a plurality of pixel signals, each pixel signal having three, or more, color components; determining a residual difference for each color component of each pixel signal; determining a limit value of the residual differences; calculating a common scale factor for each of the color components based upon the limit value; and applying the common scale factor to the image input signal to produce the image output signal.
Low-Loss Meta-Atom For Improved Resonance Response, Derrick Langley, Ronald Coutu Jr., Peter J. Collins
Low-Loss Meta-Atom For Improved Resonance Response, Derrick Langley, Ronald Coutu Jr., Peter J. Collins
Faculty Publications
Measurements of a meta-atom integrated with a low noise amplifier into the split-ring resonator are presented. A comparison is made between baseline meta-atoms and one integrated with a GaAs low noise amplifier. S-parameter measurements in a RF strip-line show the resonant frequency location. The resonance null is more prominent for the integrated meta-atom. Biasing the low noise amplifier from 0 to 7 VDC showed that the resonant null improved with biasing voltage. As the biasing voltage increases, the transmission null reduced from -11.82 to -23.21 dB for biases from 0 to 7 VDC at resonant frequency.
Electro-Luminescent Display Device, Michael E. Miller, Joseph R. Bietry, Ronald S. Cok
Electro-Luminescent Display Device, Michael E. Miller, Joseph R. Bietry, Ronald S. Cok
AFIT Patents
An electro-luminescent display includes a first array of light-emitting elements. Each of these light-emitting elements has an optical element. A second array of light-emitting elements also includes a second optical element different from the first. One or more row lines are electrically connected to either light-emitting elements in the first array of light-emitting elements or light-emitting elements in the second array of light-emitting elements. One or more column lines provide a data signal to the first and second array of light-emitting elements. A driver circuit delivers common information to the light-emitting elements in both the first and second arrays in …
Increasing Reliability Of A Small 2-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine For Dynamically Changing Attitudes, Steven C. Crosbie
Increasing Reliability Of A Small 2-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine For Dynamically Changing Attitudes, Steven C. Crosbie
Theses and Dissertations
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) typically utilize commercial internal combustion engines (ICE) as their power sources. These engines are designed to run at sea level, but these aircraft are often pressed into service at higher altitudes where the performance characteristics deteriorate. A Brison 95cc two-stroke engine's performance characteristics at altitude are investigated using a test facility that can measure these characteristics over a range of pressures and temperatures. With its stock carburetor at sea level static (SLS) conditions, the engine makes 5.5 peak horsepower (hp) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) ranged from 1.2-4.0 lb/(hp-hr). At 10,000 feet conditions, the peak …
Evaluation Of The Thorax Of Manduca Sexta For Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications, Alex C. Hollenbeck
Evaluation Of The Thorax Of Manduca Sexta For Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications, Alex C. Hollenbeck
Theses and Dissertations
The tobacco hornworm hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) provides an excellent model from which to garner knowledge pertaining to the development of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). Insect-sized FWMAVs will be used by the future warfighter for reconnaissance, nuclear/chemical/biological hazard sensing, and targeting. One of the major challenges facing FWMAV developers is the energetically demanding nature of low Reynolds flapping flight. Investigating the Manduca sexta thorax/wing flapping mechanism as a mechanical system will provide insight into its inherent efficiency. This thesis examined the energetics of the thorax under static loading and dynamic loading using an innovative load-application technique. It was …
Impact Of Decision Criteria On Federal Aviation Administration Certification Of Military Commercial Derivative Aircraft, Michael S. Low
Impact Of Decision Criteria On Federal Aviation Administration Certification Of Military Commercial Derivative Aircraft, Michael S. Low
Theses and Dissertations
The decision regarding whether to maintain Federal Aviation Administration certification of military commercial derivative aircraft (MCDA) can be extremely difficult due to the subjective nature of some of the associated costs and benefits. The purpose of this research is to help decision makers understand the level of impact those costs and benefits have on their decision, and how that impact may change over the life cycle of the MCDA fleet. Data regarding the various criteria involved in such decisions were collected from subject matter experts using the Delphi technique. This information was then incorporated into a decision support tool that …
Combat Identification Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Using Contextual Features And Bayesian Belief Networks, John X. Situ
Combat Identification Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Using Contextual Features And Bayesian Belief Networks, John X. Situ
Theses and Dissertations
Given the nearly infinite combination of modifications and configurations for weapon systems, no two targets are ever exactly the same. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and associated High Range Resolution (HRR) profiles of the same target will have different signatures when viewed from different angles. To overcome this challenge, data from a wide range of aspect and depression angles must be used to train pattern recognition algorithms. Alternatively, features invariant to aspect and depression angle must be found. This research uses simple segmentation algorithms and multivariate analysis methods to extract contextual features from SAR imagery. These features used in conjunction …
An Analysis Of Turnover Intentions: A Reexamination Of Air Force Civil Engineering Company Grade Officers, Joshua D. Connell
An Analysis Of Turnover Intentions: A Reexamination Of Air Force Civil Engineering Company Grade Officers, Joshua D. Connell
Theses and Dissertations
A potential retention problem is facing company grade officers (CGOs) in the Air Force Civil Engineer (CE) career field. This is due to the stress caused by a demanding workload experienced during a prolonged period of conflict (Iraq and Afghanistan), which is compounded by a reduction in force. The possibility of reduced retention is thus a concern for CE leadership. Based on past research, and the prior study conducted by Riddel (2010), a new model of turnover intentions was developed. The new model expands on Riddel's simplified model of turnover and attempts to focus on key factors that may help …
Asset Management: Roof Maintenance And Facility Energy Retrofits, Joseph P. Dirosario
Asset Management: Roof Maintenance And Facility Energy Retrofits, Joseph P. Dirosario
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) needs aggressive new techniques to compliment its asset management of its real estate portfolio. Air Force officials are experiencing budget cuts that have led to degraded facility infrastructure. Two areas of operations in which there are opportunities to improve the asset management of Air Force facilities are roof maintenance and energy retrofits. Information obtained via a geospatial information systems analysis revealed that the current state of the rooftop maintenance program was deficient and supported strategic sourcing as a potential solution to the program's deficiencies. In addition, two methodologies were created to gauge the effectiveness …
Mitigating Diminishing Manufacturing Sources/Material Shortages (Dms/Ms) And Obsolescence For The T-6 Canopy Fracturing Initiation System (Cfis), Richard P. Carrano
Mitigating Diminishing Manufacturing Sources/Material Shortages (Dms/Ms) And Obsolescence For The T-6 Canopy Fracturing Initiation System (Cfis), Richard P. Carrano
Theses and Dissertations
The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) lost the supplier for its canopy fracturing initiation system (CFIS) with no prospect for a replacement. This forced a complete CFIS redesign to supply both an active production line and sustain fielded aircraft. Compounding the problem, the existing CFIS became obsolete, which forced an interim design to be produced until a final long term solution was fielded. This thesis developed a method to optimize the redesign by determining the lowest cost path for both fielding the interim design and phasing in the final retrofit. Using the Excel Solver® modeling program, an optimal rate …
Evaluation Of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Activated Sludge For Biodegradation Of Propylene Glycol As An Aircraft Deicer, Justin D. Delorit
Evaluation Of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Activated Sludge For Biodegradation Of Propylene Glycol As An Aircraft Deicer, Justin D. Delorit
Theses and Dissertations
Aircraft deicing fluid used at airport facilities is often collected for treatment or disposal in order to prevent serious ecological threats to nearby surface waters. This study investigated lab scale degradation of propylene glycol (PG), the active ingredient in a common aircraft deicing fluid, by way of a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor containing municipal waste water treatment facility activated sludge (AS) performing simultaneous organic carbon oxidation and nitrification. The ability of AS to remove PG was evaluated by studying the biodegradation and sorption characteristics of PG in an AS medium. The results indicate sorption may play a role in the …
Turnover Intentions: A Quantitative Analysis Of Comments From Air Force Civil Engineering Company Grade Officers, Tj E. Gabrielson
Turnover Intentions: A Quantitative Analysis Of Comments From Air Force Civil Engineering Company Grade Officers, Tj E. Gabrielson
Theses and Dissertations
Voluntary turnover is a concern for the military and many other organizations from a financial and performance standpoint. This study applied grounded theory to code and network comments provided by CE officers in 2010. The results of this study found the most influential construct that predicts turnover intentions to be the relationship of OPSTEMPO influencing interrole conflict. This conflict is increased by the workload at home station due to under manning within CE. OPSTEMPO is an important aspect of a military member's decision to stay or leave the service because it was found to interact with a multitude of other …
Modeling, Simulation, And Flight Test For Automatic Flight Control Of The Condor Hybrid-Electric Remote Piloted Aircraft, Christopher Giacomo
Modeling, Simulation, And Flight Test For Automatic Flight Control Of The Condor Hybrid-Electric Remote Piloted Aircraft, Christopher Giacomo
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes the modeling and verification process for the stability and control analysis of the Condor hybrid-electric Remote-Piloted Aircraft (HE-RPA). Due to the high-aspect ratio, sailplane-like geometry of the aircraft, both longitudinal and lateral/directional aerodynamic moments and effects are investigated. The aircraft is modeled using both digital DATCOM as well as the JET5 Excel-based design tool. Static model data is used to create a detailed assessment of predictive flight characteristics and PID autopilot gains that are verified with autonomous flight test. PID gain values were determined using a six degree of freedom linear simulation with the Matlab/SIMULINK software. Flight …
Infrastructure Asset Management Modeling Through An Analysis Of The Air Force Strategic Vision And Goals, Marie T. Harnly
Infrastructure Asset Management Modeling Through An Analysis Of The Air Force Strategic Vision And Goals, Marie T. Harnly
Theses and Dissertations
Effective asset management requires an overarching model that establishes a framework for decision-makers. This research project develops a strategic level asset management model for varying types of infrastructure that provides guidance for effective asset management. The strategic model also incorporates Next Generation Information Technology initiatives into a single coherent system to streamline the top-down, bottom-up flow of information. The strategic model is applicable to agencies with a large, varying infrastructure inventory and limited resources. This research also develops an improved performance modeling tool, a critical component of the strategic model. This tool objectively prioritizes maintenance and repair projects according to …
Firm Fixed Price And Cost Plus Fixed Fee Construction Contracts In Iraq And Afghanistan, Lindsay M. Jaszkowiak
Firm Fixed Price And Cost Plus Fixed Fee Construction Contracts In Iraq And Afghanistan, Lindsay M. Jaszkowiak
Theses and Dissertations
Firm Fixed Price (FFP) and Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) contract types have been utilized the most for construction in the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters. Often construction occurs in contested regions that are known to be particularly challenging, unpredictable, and unstable. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of these two contract types in the contingency environment, and to determine what internal and external factors influence contact success the most. First, the author evaluated existing construction performance data using bivariate analysis and analysis of variance to identify differences in contract type. Next, a quantitative/qualitative questionnaire was administered …
Leading Indicator Analysis For High Speed Sled Test Programs, Laurie C. Knorr
Leading Indicator Analysis For High Speed Sled Test Programs, Laurie C. Knorr
Theses and Dissertations
Leading Indicators (LI) were introduced to the Systems Engineering (SE) community in 2005. These measures are used to evaluate the effectiveness of how a specific work activity is applied on a project in a manner that provides information about impacts that are likely to affect the system performance. The LIs are designed to give a project manager/systems engineer insight into where their development project is heading and a chance to implement corrective actions early. This research strives to apply LIs to the testing community, specifically high speed sled testing, to improve the testing process and, in turn, improve the quality …