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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 5700
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Test And Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (Uam) For A Large Aircraft Maintenance Shelter (Lams) Baseplate, Daniel H. Gartland
Test And Evaluation Of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (Uam) For A Large Aircraft Maintenance Shelter (Lams) Baseplate, Daniel H. Gartland
Theses and Dissertations
Additive manufacturing is an exciting new manufacturing technology that could have application to Air Force Civil Engineer (CE) operations. This research replicates a Large Area Maintenance Shelter (LAMS) baseplate design for ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM). Due to production problems the test section was not built as designed. Instead, a smaller block of material was submitted for evaluation. After the UAM build, ultrasonic inspection was conducted to identify anomalies in the test piece. The results of this proof of concept study indicate that UAM is not yet ready for CE expeditionary applications requiring a high degree of mechanical strength. The machine …
The Impact Of United States Investment For Civil Infrastructure In Developing Countries, Joel N. Hansen
The Impact Of United States Investment For Civil Infrastructure In Developing Countries, Joel N. Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
U.S. foreign assistance is used to support regional interests and to address the economic and social needs of host nation (HN) citizens. Within the Department of Defense (DoD), military exercises implement humanitarian and civic assistance (HCA) activities in developing nations as one method of accomplishing the U.S. foreign assistance objectives. To account for the impact of civil infrastructure projects on HN citizens, this research incorporated survey data collected during a DoD-sponsored exercise in Belize to test the expectancy disconfirmation model of citizen satisfaction and analyze the impact of constructing HCA projects on citizen satisfaction with HN government services. The research …
Effect Of Malathion On The Microbial Ecology Of Activated Sludge, Seth K. Martin
Effect Of Malathion On The Microbial Ecology Of Activated Sludge, Seth K. Martin
Theses and Dissertations
Decontamination activities may cause the release of contaminated washwater into the wastewater that eventually flows into a wastewater treatment facility. This raises concerns about the effect of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on the microbial consortia that are responsible for cleaning the wastewater. This study investigated the impact of malathion on the microbial ecology of laboratory scale activated sludge communities. The Simpson Reciprocal Index decreased for three bioreactors operated in the absence of malathion, which showed that the microbial assemblage became less diverse during the course of the study. The species identified in the bioreactors belonged to well-known groups of heterotrophic …
Pragmatic Divestment Of Kc-135 Navigators In The Special Operations Air Refueling Mission, Andrew P. Nation
Pragmatic Divestment Of Kc-135 Navigators In The Special Operations Air Refueling Mission, Andrew P. Nation
Theses and Dissertations
In the late 1990s, the Air Force eliminated over 200 KC-135 navigators, leaving 50 remaining for the aircraft's most complex Special Operations Air Refueling (SOAR) mission. As the Air Force unveils the KC-46 Pegasus, this mission will continue but without a position for the navigator. Instead, navigators will undergo divestment as the SOAR mission transfers to the KC-46. Current plans indicate navigators will not only remain as the KC-46 arrives, but inbound navigators will continue arriving until 2018. This thesis applies the Delphi method, a process eliciting analysis anonymously from a panel of experts, in order to examine the elements …
A Delphi Study Using Value-Focused Thinking For United States Air Force Mission Dependency Index Values, Matthew J. Nichols
A Delphi Study Using Value-Focused Thinking For United States Air Force Mission Dependency Index Values, Matthew J. Nichols
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) identified that the Mission Dependency Index (MDI) had issues with reflecting the criticality of some mission sets. The MDI is a constructed value assigned to assets that reflects the consequence of failure. The primary mission sets having MDI issues were non-flightline assets. The current Air Force MDI metric relies on data collected using the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) methodology and adapts the data by using facility categorization codes. The result is a method that compares alternatives to each other to develop an individual asset's MDI value. As a corrective measure to …
Impacts Of Severe Weather, Climate Zone, And Energy Factors On Base Realignment And Closure (Brac), Christopher L. Teke
Impacts Of Severe Weather, Climate Zone, And Energy Factors On Base Realignment And Closure (Brac), Christopher L. Teke
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force is in a period of downsizing, both aircraft and personnel. In recent years, the service has cut hundreds of aircraft from its fleet and decreased military end-strength, but has not substantially reduced its infrastructure. Consequently, the cost to operate and maintain Air Force Bases is not decreasing. Mitigation methods are needed to manage the costly burden of excess infrastructure. A new Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) round will help the Air Force reduce unnecessary infrastructure and alleviate precious resources necessary for weapon modernization and improved readiness. Cost savings through BRAC can help the Air Force achieve reduced …
Reflections Of A Wave: An Analysis Of Photonic Doppler Velocimetry Systems, Brian K. Lagrange
Reflections Of A Wave: An Analysis Of Photonic Doppler Velocimetry Systems, Brian K. Lagrange
Theses and Dissertations
Munitions are one of the Air Force's most effective weapons in eliminating targets, but also one of the most expensive. Due to the inherent high-cost in deploying munitions, munition shock wave detonation must be better observed and quantified for munitions to be more cost-efficient. PDV systems have the potential to achieve this quantification of shock wave properties on a molecular scale during solid-against-solid impacts. The overall goal of this research was to determine whether the current photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) system at Eglin Air Force Base is prepared for future explosive sensitivity testing. This determination was done through an uncertainty …
Overall Effectiveness Measurement At Engine Temperatures With Reactive Film Cooling And Surface Curvature, Andrew J. Lynch
Overall Effectiveness Measurement At Engine Temperatures With Reactive Film Cooling And Surface Curvature, Andrew J. Lynch
Theses and Dissertations
The thesis presented here details the design, construction and initial testing of rig for use with high temperature film cooling testing. The film cooling rig was supplied with hot mainstream gas from a well-stirred reactor operating on a propane/air mixture capable of multiple equivalence ratios. The Hastelloy test plates contained an internal cooling channel to allow for overall effectiveness measurements. Thermocouples on both the freestream and internal surfaces of the test plate provided temperature differences for heat flux calculations. The test plates had a quarter circle leading edge with a tapered trailing edge to provide surface curvature for the film …
Characterization And Modeling Of A Control Moment Gyroscope, Dylan R. Penn
Characterization And Modeling Of A Control Moment Gyroscope, Dylan R. Penn
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is developing a spacecraft simulator that uses Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). Prior to the research herein, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) designed and built six laboratory-rated CMGs for use on the AFRL spacecraft simulator. The main contributions of this research are in the testing and modeling of a single CMG. Designing, building, and operating spacecraft simulators is time consuming and expensive, but less so than tests with on-orbit spacecraft. Reductions in cost and schedule can be realized by investing in modeling the spacecraft simulator and payload before testing. A model of the …
Optimal Recovery Trajectories For Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance Systems (Auto Gcas), Angela W. Suplisson
Optimal Recovery Trajectories For Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance Systems (Auto Gcas), Angela W. Suplisson
Theses and Dissertations
The USAF's F-16 Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto GCAS) uses a single pre-planned roll to wings- level and 5-g pull-up to meet the operational requirements of being both aggressive and timely, meaning that extremely agile avoidance maneuvers will be executed at the last second to avoid the ground. There currently exists no similar Auto GCAS for manned military heavy' aircraft with lower climb performance such as transport, tanker, or bomber aircraft. This research proposes a new optimal control approach to the ground collision avoidance problem for heavy aircraft by mapping the aggressive and timely requirements of the automatic recovery …
Experimental Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Extraction From A Pulsed Detonation, Kaz I. Teope
Experimental Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Extraction From A Pulsed Detonation, Kaz I. Teope
Theses and Dissertations
The high MWatt power available in a fuel-fed detonation wave, which contains combustion ions in the trailing gas, provides an opportunity for external power extraction via electromagnetically forced charged particle drift. Sets of experiments were accomplished using a pulsed detonation tube, extracting power across a load resistor in an electrical circuit with an applied electric or magnetic field to determine what magnitude of gas conductivity and power extraction could be attained from an unseeded or seeded pulsed detonation driven combustion. Due to the low magnetic field strength, even with flow seeding, the power extracted in this research was not enough …
Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At Room And Elevated Temperatures, James T. Tipton
Fatigue Behavior Of Im7/Bmi 5250-4 Composite At Room And Elevated Temperatures, James T. Tipton
Theses and Dissertations
The tension-tension fatigue and tension-compression fatigue behaviors of the IM7/BMI 5250-4 composite were investigated. The tension-tension fatigue of the composite with 0/90 and ±45 fiber orientations was studied at 23, 170, and 190°C. The tension-compression fatigue of the composite with 0/90 fiber orientation was examined at 23°C. The tensile and compressive properties of the composite were also evaluated at room and elevated temperatures for both 0/90 and ±45 fiber orientations. Elevated temperature had little effect on the tensile properties of the 0/90 fiber orientation, but strongly influenced the ±45 tensile properties as well as the compressive properties of both fiber …
Mechanical Testing Of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics At 1500°C In Air -Development Of An Experimental Facility And Test Method, Sheena L. Winder
Mechanical Testing Of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics At 1500°C In Air -Development Of An Experimental Facility And Test Method, Sheena L. Winder
Theses and Dissertations
With a melting point in excess of 3000°C and a high density, ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a candidate material for hypersonic flight vehicles, atmospheric re-entry vehicles, and rocket propulsion systems. When ceramics are under consideration as a structural material, creep is an important design criterion and a life-limiting condition. However, the characterization of mechanical behavior at temperatures in excess of 1300°C has many challenges to overcome. Of utmost importance is the selection of materials for test fixtures. Materials selected must maintain their structural integrity, not cause chemical degradation of the test material, and not interfere with the acquisition of …
Remote Sensing Of Hidden Objects, Mark G. Hoelscher, Michael A. Marciniak
Remote Sensing Of Hidden Objects, Mark G. Hoelscher, Michael A. Marciniak
AFIT Patents
An apparatus and method are provided for creating an indirect image of an object. The apparatus includes a light source and an imaging system. Light emitted from the light source is reflected by a first non-specular surface toward the object. Light reflected by the object is further reflected by a second non-specular surface toward the imaging system. The imaging system is configured to create the indirect image from the reflected light.
Electrical And Physical Property Characterization Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Ink For Flexible Printed Electronics, Kristian E. Warner Jr.
Electrical And Physical Property Characterization Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Ink For Flexible Printed Electronics, Kristian E. Warner Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents a method of characterizing single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ink. This research also examines the results of our characterization efforts. First, the process of ink jet printing SWCNT ink onto organic and inorganic substrates is discussed. Next, the tests for measuring sheet resistance, conductance, inductance, adherence, thickness, roll-off, and S-parameters of the ink are described. Results and findings of the research are presented. The SWCNT ink created by Brewer Science © is shown to be an effective material for additive manufacturing using an aerosol jet printer, but not an inkjet printer. The ink is shown to have a …
Verification And Validation Of Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 For Computing Gamma Protection Factors, William J. Erwin
Verification And Validation Of Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 For Computing Gamma Protection Factors, William J. Erwin
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examined the suitability of a particle simulator known as "Monte Carlo n-Particle 6" (MCNP6) to determine how well U.S. Army vehicles shield their occupants from gamma radiation. MCNP6 compared favorably to three alternate modeling approaches and another particle simulator. In a validation experiment, MCNP6 was found to produce a gamma protection factor within 5% of the experimental result with 95% confidence. Further evaluations validated MCNP6's ability to produce reliable results with simplified or approximated inputs, model different sources, and position those sources in different shielding geometries. MCNP6 is suitable for evaluating gamma protection of Army vehicles and further …
Low Clutter Method For Bistatic Rcs Measurements, Peter J. Collins
Low Clutter Method For Bistatic Rcs Measurements, Peter J. Collins
AFIT Patents
A bistatic radar measurement system is provided having a radar source configured to produce a radio frequency signal. A transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the radio frequency signal toward a target. A receiving antenna is configured to receive a reflected radio frequency signal from the target. A support system is configured to support the receiving antenna. The support system includes a plurality of low scattering dielectric strings configured to orient the receiving antenna.
Con-Resistant Trust For Improved Reliability In A Smart Grid Special Protection System, Crystal M. Shipman, Kenneth M. Hopkinson, Juan L. Lopez Jr.
Con-Resistant Trust For Improved Reliability In A Smart Grid Special Protection System, Crystal M. Shipman, Kenneth M. Hopkinson, Juan L. Lopez Jr.
Faculty Publications
This paper applies a con-resistant trust mechanism to improve the performance of a communications-based special protection system to enhance its effectiveness and resiliency. Smart grids incorporate modern information technologies to increase reliability and efficiency through better situational awareness. However, with the benefits of this new technology come the added risks associated with threats and vulnerabilities to the technology and to the critical infrastructure it supports. The research in this paper uses con-resistant trust to quickly identify malicious or malfunctioning (untrustworthy) protection system nodes to mitigate instabilities. The con-resistant trust mechanism allows protection system nodes to make trust assessments based on …
Theoretical Investigation Of Stabilities And Optical Properties Of Si12C12 Clusters, Xiaofeng F. Duan, Larry W. Burggraf
Theoretical Investigation Of Stabilities And Optical Properties Of Si12C12 Clusters, Xiaofeng F. Duan, Larry W. Burggraf
Faculty Publications
By sorting through hundreds of globally stable Si12C12 isomers using a potential surface search and using simulated annealing, we have identified low-energy structures. Unlike isomers knit together by Si–C bonds, the lowest energy isomers have segregated carbon and silicon regions that maximize stronger C–C bonding. Positing that charge separation between the carbon and silicon regions would produce interesting optical absorption in these cluster molecules, we used time-dependent density functional theory to compare the calculated optical properties of four isomers representing structural classes having different types of silicon and carbon segregation regions. Absorptions involving charge transfer between segregated …
Two-Dimensional Temperature Analysis Of Nuclear Fireballs Using Digitized Film, Robert C. Slaughter, Tyler R. Peery, John W. Mcclory
Two-Dimensional Temperature Analysis Of Nuclear Fireballs Using Digitized Film, Robert C. Slaughter, Tyler R. Peery, John W. Mcclory
Faculty Publications
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have begun digitizing technical films spanning the atmospheric nuclear testing operations conducted by the United States from 1945 through 1962. Each atmospheric nuclear test was filmed by Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Inc., using between 20 to 40 cameras per test. These technical film test data represent a primary source for advancing the knowledge of nuclear weapon output as well as the understanding of nonnuclear high-temperature gases. This manuscript outlines the procedures followed in order to perform two-dimensional temperature calculations for early time nuclear fireballs using digitized film. The digitized optical densities of the film …
Graduate School Of Engineering And Management Catalog 2015-2017, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
Graduate School Of Engineering And Management Catalog 2015-2017, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
AFIT Documents
The Graduate Catalog represents the offerings, programs, and requirements in effect at the time of publication.
Reconfigurable Solid-State Dye-Doped Polymer Ring Resonator Lasers, Hengky Chandrahalim, Xudong Fan
Reconfigurable Solid-State Dye-Doped Polymer Ring Resonator Lasers, Hengky Chandrahalim, Xudong Fan
Faculty Publications
This paper presents wavelength configurable on-chip solid-state ring lasers fabricated by a single-mask standard lithography. The single- and coupled-ring resonator hosts were fabricated on a fused-silica wafer and filled with 3,3′-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (CY3), Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 3,3′-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (CY5)-doped polymer as the reconfigurable gain media. The recorded lasing threshold was ~220 nJ/mm2 per pulse for the single-ring resonator laser with R6G, marking the lowest threshold shown by solid-state dye-doped polymer lasers fabricated with a standard lithography process on a chip. A single-mode lasing from a coupled-ring resonator system with the lasing threshold of ~360 nJ/mm2 per pulse …
Monolithic Optofluidic Ring Resonator Lasers Created By Femtosecond Laser Nanofabrication, Hengky Chandrahalim, Qiushu Chen, Ali A. Said, Mark Dugan, Xudong Fan
Monolithic Optofluidic Ring Resonator Lasers Created By Femtosecond Laser Nanofabrication, Hengky Chandrahalim, Qiushu Chen, Ali A. Said, Mark Dugan, Xudong Fan
Faculty Publications
We designed, fabricated, and characterized a monolithically integrated optofluidic ring resonator laser that is mechanically, thermally, and chemically robust. The entire device, including the ring resonator channel and sample delivery microfluidics, was created in a block of fused-silica glass using a 3-dimensional femtosecond laser writing process. The gain medium, composed of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dissolved in quinoline, was flowed through the ring resonator. Lasing was achieved at a pump threshold of approximately 15 μJ/mm2. Detailed analysis shows that the Q-factor of the optofluidic ring resonator is 3.3 × 104, which is limited by both solvent …
Sulfur Vacancies In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Sergey A. Basun, A. A. Grabar, I. M. Stoika, Nancy C. Giles, D. R. Evans, Larry E. Halliburton
Sulfur Vacancies In Photorefractive Sn2P2S6 Crystals, Eric M. Golden, Sergey A. Basun, A. A. Grabar, I. M. Stoika, Nancy C. Giles, D. R. Evans, Larry E. Halliburton
Faculty Publications
A photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum in single crystals of Sn2P2S6 (SPS) is assigned to an electron trapped at a sulfur vacancy. These vacancies are unintentionally present in undoped SPS crystals and are expected to play an important role in the photorefractive behavior of the material. Nonparamagnetic sulfur vacancies are formed during the initial growth of the crystal. Subsequent illumination below 100 K with 442 nm laser light easily converts these vacancies to EPR-active defects. The resulting S = 1/2 spectrum shows well-resolved and nearly isotropic hyperfine interactions with two P ions and two Sn ions. Partially resolved interactions …
A Decision Analysis Framework For Evaluation Of Helmet Mounted Display Alternatives For Fighter Aircraft, Matthew R. Dansereau
A Decision Analysis Framework For Evaluation Of Helmet Mounted Display Alternatives For Fighter Aircraft, Matthew R. Dansereau
Theses and Dissertations
The promise of providing an intuitive and efficient information interface, while allowing the warfighter to perform other critical tasks such as targeting or aircraft control, has led to the growing popularity of Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) across the military landscape, especially combat aircraft. Though design and selection of competing systems is critical to optimized performance and safety, structured methods for the evaluation of HMDs are not often used in the acquisition community, leaving selection among alternative designs to the judgment of subject matter experts. However, technical decision-making has been shown to be flawed without the use of a structured decision …
Terrain Referenced Navigation Using Sift Features In Lidar Range-Based Data, Matthew T. Leines
Terrain Referenced Navigation Using Sift Features In Lidar Range-Based Data, Matthew T. Leines
Theses and Dissertations
The use of GNSS in aiding navigation has become widespread in aircraft. The long term accuracy of INS are enhanced by frequent updates of the highly precise position estimations GNSS provide. Unfortunately, operational environments exist where constant signal or the requisite number of satellites are unavailable, significantly degraded, or intentionally denied. This thesis describes a novel algorithm that uses scanning LiDAR range data, computer vision features, and a reference database to generate aircraft position estimations to update drifting INS estimates. The algorithm uses a single calibrated scanning LiDAR to sample the range and angle to the ground as an aircraft …
Hot Streak Characterization In Serpentine Exhaust Nozzles, Darrell S. Crowe
Hot Streak Characterization In Serpentine Exhaust Nozzles, Darrell S. Crowe
Theses and Dissertations
Modern aircraft of the United States Air Force face increasingly demanding cost, weight, and survivability requirements. Serpentine exhaust nozzles within an embedded engine allow a weapon system to fulfill mission survivability requirements by providing denial of direct line-of-sight into the high-temperature components of the engine. Recently, aircraft have experienced material degradation and failure along the aft deck due to extreme thermal loading. Failure has occurred in specific regions along the aft deck where concentrations of hot gas have come in contact with the surface causing hot streaks. The prevention of these failures will be aided by the accurate prediction of …
Improving Non-Linear Approaches To Anomaly Detection, Class Separation, And Visualization, Todd J. Paciencia
Improving Non-Linear Approaches To Anomaly Detection, Class Separation, And Visualization, Todd J. Paciencia
Theses and Dissertations
Linear approaches for multivariate data analysis are popular due to their lower complexity, reduced computational time, and easier interpretation. In many cases, linear approaches produce adequate results; however, non-linear methods may generate more robust transformations, features, and decision boundaries. Of course, these nonlinear methods present their own unique challenges that often inhibit their use. In this research, improvements to existing non-linear techniques are investigated for the purposes of providing better, timely class separation and improved anomaly detection on various multivariate datasets, culminating in application to anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery. Primarily, kernel-based methods are investigated, with some consideration towards other …
Characterizing And Managing Intrusion Detection System (Ids) Alerts With Multi-Server/Multi-Priority Queuing Theory, Christopher C. Olsen
Characterizing And Managing Intrusion Detection System (Ids) Alerts With Multi-Server/Multi-Priority Queuing Theory, Christopher C. Olsen
Theses and Dissertations
The DoD sets forth an objective to employ an active cyber defense capability to prevent intrusions onto DoD networks and systems. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are a critical part of network defense architectures, but their alerts can be difficult to manage. This research applies Queuing Theory to the management of IDS alerts, seeking to answer how analysts and priority schemes effect alert processing performance. To characterize the effect of these two variables on queue wait times, a MATLAB simulation was developed to allow parametric analysis under two scenarios. The first varies the number of analysts and the second varies the …
Approximate Dynamic Programming For Military Resource Allocation, Carl R. Parson
Approximate Dynamic Programming For Military Resource Allocation, Carl R. Parson
Theses and Dissertations
This research considers the optimal allocation of weapons to a collection of targets with the objective of maximizing the value of destroyed targets. The weapon-target assignment (WTA) problem is a classic non-linear combinatorial optimization problem with an extensive history in operations research literature. The dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) problem aims to assign weapons optimally over time using the information gained to improve the outcome of their engagements. This research investigates various formulations of the DWTA problem and develops algorithms for their solution. Finally, an embedded optimization problem is introduced in which optimization of the multi-stage DWTA is used to …