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Articles 151 - 180 of 5697
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Best Estimate Reconstruction Of The Control Profile For A Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle, Justin R. Evans
Best Estimate Reconstruction Of The Control Profile For A Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle, Justin R. Evans
Theses and Dissertations
Astrodynamic reentry is an increasingly important flight regime as countries around the world develop new spacecraft and weapons. A design of interest is that of hypersonic glide vehicles with the ability to maneuver in the atmosphere. As these vehicles become more common across the world, it has become advantageous to track foreign reentry tests in order to determine capabilities. While current observation techniques may allow position and velocity to be tracked across the trajectory, orientation of the vehicle is not always observable. The ability to find vehicle orientation across time gives insight into the performance characteristics of the vehicle. This …
Adiabatic And Overall Effectiveness Superposition Theory For Upstream Phantom Cooling On A Film Cooled Leading Edge, Nathaniel J. Stout
Adiabatic And Overall Effectiveness Superposition Theory For Upstream Phantom Cooling On A Film Cooled Leading Edge, Nathaniel J. Stout
Theses and Dissertations
Film cooling experimentation aims to improve the cooling performance while minimizing the amount of coolant flow redirected from the compressor. The coolant flow that is used for film cooling reduces the maximum thrust any gas turbine engine can produce. Finding creative ways to improve cooling performance without increasing the amount of coolant used, like phantom cooling, is essential for the gas turbine industry to improve engine performance while increasing turbine components’ lifespan. Phantom cooling refers to any secondary cooling effect that propagates downstream from its original cooling application to cool subsequent turbine components. Phantom cooling is actively gaining more attention …
Approximating Three-Body Trajectories With A Knot Theory Inspired Model For Orbit Generation And Determination, Mason R. Mill
Approximating Three-Body Trajectories With A Knot Theory Inspired Model For Orbit Generation And Determination, Mason R. Mill
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores a novel approach to approximating three-body trajectories using a knot theory-inspired model for orbit generation and determination. Traditional methods for solving the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP) rely on numerical integration and correction schemes to generate trajectories, often requiring iterative refinements. This research investigates the application of knot theory principles—such as torus knots, Alexander polynomials, and Reidemeister moves—to categorize and model complex orbital trajectories in the CR3BP. By leveraging these mathematical tools, the study aims to enhance trajectory prediction, orbit determination, and mission planning for spacecraft operating in the cislunar environment. The results demonstrate that knot theory …
Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow
Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow
Theses and Dissertations
Artificial swarms are of growing interest in numerous fields and use cases. As their utilization increases drones and robots with different capabilities will be required to coordinate for task completion thus creating heterogeneous swarms. Swarm individuals generally communicate with all neighbors inside their sensor range generating a significant amount of message traffic. Previous research of a heterogeneous group in a non-physical environment has shown that restricting communication to only one neighbor of each different capability maintained performance. This work applies that finding to a heterogeneous boid swarm with the addition of varied environmental conditions. The swarm is comprised of three …
Investigation Of The Convective Heat Transfer Driving Potential For Hypersonic Flows, Roderick A. Mills
Investigation Of The Convective Heat Transfer Driving Potential For Hypersonic Flows, Roderick A. Mills
Theses and Dissertations
Accurately determining adiabatic wall temperature is critical for characterizing surface heating in hypersonic flows. The differences between adiabatic wall temperature and stagnation temperature for Mach 6 flow are examined. A two-dimensional explicit finite difference scheme was developed to analyze heat transfer within an angled wedge and to assess the applicability of the classical semi-infinite solid solution to the Fourier Heat Equation for estimating adiabatic wall temperature and convective heat transfer coefficients. Experimental surface temperature data were extracted from infrared thermography obtained during Mach 6 wind tunnel tests, and the semi-infinite solid solution was applied to estimate the adiabatic wall temperature. …
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Sic/Sic Composite With An Array Of Small Cooling Holes At 1200°C, Tess K. Panchyshyn
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Sic/Sic Composite With An Array Of Small Cooling Holes At 1200°C, Tess K. Panchyshyn
Theses and Dissertations
Tension-tension fatigue behavior of an advanced melt-infiltrated (MI) silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) composite was evaluated, and basic tensile properties measured, at 1200°C in laboratory air. The composite consists of a melt-infiltrated SiC matrix reinforced with laminated Hi-Nicalon Type-S fibers woven in a 5-harness satin weave. The Hi-Nicalon-S fiber preforms were coated with a boron nitride (BN) fiber coating by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The melt-infiltrated matrix was consolidated by combining CVI-SiC with SiC particulate slurry and molten silicon infiltration. The finished ceramic matrix composite (CMC) had a fiber volume fraction of 33%. Additionally, the effect of multiple small holes on …
Symbology Detection And Numerical Recognition For T-38 Heads-Up Display Recordings, Ben T. Hepner
Symbology Detection And Numerical Recognition For T-38 Heads-Up Display Recordings, Ben T. Hepner
Theses and Dissertations
The extraction of symbology and numerical data from the T-38 Heads-Up Display (HUD) enhances post-flight analysis and supports real-time decision-making. This research develops a deep learning pipeline using YOLO-based object detection and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to analyze HUD video data. Model evaluations showed mAP0.5:0.95 ranging from 0.422 (YOLOv11m, hard test set) to 0.696 (YOLOv8m, medium test set), demonstrating robust symbology detection. Numeric detection performed well (mAP0.5:0.95 = 0.764), but OCR struggled with glare and resolution limitations, achieving a recognition accuracy of 17.35%. These results validate deep learning for HUD data extraction but highlight the need for improved robustness …
Increasing A-Type Co32− Substitution Decreases The Modulus Of Apatite Nanocrystals, Stephanie Wong, Abigail Eaton, Christina Krywka, Arun Nair, Christophe Drouet, Alix Deymier
Increasing A-Type Co32− Substitution Decreases The Modulus Of Apatite Nanocrystals, Stephanie Wong, Abigail Eaton, Christina Krywka, Arun Nair, Christophe Drouet, Alix Deymier
Faculty Publications
Biological apatite mineral is highly substituted with carbonate (CO32−). CO32− can exchange for either phosphate, known as B-type, or hydroxyl groups, known as A-type. Although the former has been extensively studied, A-type CO32− substituted apatites are poorly understood. Therefore, A-type CO32− apatites with biologically relevant levels of CO32− (1.7–5.8 wt%) were prepared and characterized. The addition of A-type CO32− into the apatite structure caused the predicted expansion of the a-axis and contraction of the c-axis in the unit cell. This was accompanied by a significant modification in the atomic …
A Case Study N Modeling The Human Behavior Of Basic Fighter Maneuvers Using Mbse, Josiah J. Franklin
A Case Study N Modeling The Human Behavior Of Basic Fighter Maneuvers Using Mbse, Josiah J. Franklin
Theses and Dissertations
As fighter aircraft become more complex and technology, such as autonomy, is introduced, it is essential to anticipate the critical tasks and information pilots need to accomplish their mission with these new systems. Fighter pilots operate in highly demanding situations where the consequences of failure are severe and require their systems to provide the right information for the task. Traditionally, these designs are informed through Critical Task Analyses of existing systems. This research produced a method for modeling critical task analysis and information requirements using model-based systems engineering. The scenario was a fighter aircraft conducting basic fighter maneuvers in a …
Improving Smartphone Gnss Jammer Localization With Cloud-Based Environmental Occlusion Modeling, Glenn H. Jones
Improving Smartphone Gnss Jammer Localization With Cloud-Based Environmental Occlusion Modeling, Glenn H. Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The advancement of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology in modern smartphones has made these devices pervasive in both civilian and military applications. Although smartphone GNSS chipsets are more susceptible to jamming and spoofing than military grade hardware, smartphone networks offer an underutilized opportunity to detect and mitigate threats to position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services essential to the Department of Defense (DoD) and civilian first responders. Traditional methods for geolocating ground-based jamming sources using smartphone GNSS often fail in environments with dense vegetation or significant occlusions, resulting in substantial localization errors.
Atmospheric Water Generation: Experimental Observations And Assembly Of An Artificial Neural Network, Houston Hoss Anderson
Atmospheric Water Generation: Experimental Observations And Assembly Of An Artificial Neural Network, Houston Hoss Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the performance of a Tsunami T50 Vapor Compression Cycle styled Atmospheric Water Generation (AWG) machine operated under ambient conditions in Dayton, Ohio. Water yield from the device was measured volumetrically and these values are paired with respective weather data, collected from a local monitoring station, to build an Artificial Neural Network in MATLAB and JMP software. Water yield varied over the course of this study but averaged 1.2L and maxed at 5L for 4-hour operating periods. This work is part of a 3-year project; future data is needed to enhance both training and validation of the model …
Creating And Analyzing Space Vehicle Seit/Pm Factors, Jordan A. Bosco
Creating And Analyzing Space Vehicle Seit/Pm Factors, Jordan A. Bosco
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense relies on accurate cost estimation to inform budget decisions. Beyond being a critical component of the Defense Acquisition System, cost estimation is a legal requirement in the budgeting process. Cost analysts, therefore, have both a fiduciary and statutory responsibility to produce realistic estimates. Among the many elements of a space system cost estimate is Space Vehicle Systems Engineering, Integration & Test, and Program Management (SEIT/PM). While existing factors aid in estimating SEIT/PM, Space Systems Command is interested in research in alternatives to the current methods and crosschecks for those methods. This study develops a set of …
Molecular Scale Investigations Of Interactions Between Pfas And Concrete, Eric E. Keeler
Molecular Scale Investigations Of Interactions Between Pfas And Concrete, Eric E. Keeler
Theses and Dissertations
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely referred to as “forever chemicals,” exhibit high environmental persistence and potential health risks due to their robust carbon-fluorine bonds. These substances are prevalent in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), used in industrial and military applications, and are known to contaminate environmental surfaces, including concrete. This study aims to characterize the molecular-level interaction energies of six PFAS species—PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHxA, 6:2 FTS, and PFBS—with calcium silicate, a key component of concrete, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was determined for each of the interactions, revealing negative ΔG values for …
The Application Of Decision Analysis Theory For Space Allocation At The Air Force Institute Of Technology, Damian N. Soriano
The Application Of Decision Analysis Theory For Space Allocation At The Air Force Institute Of Technology, Damian N. Soriano
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the application of Decision Analysis Theory to optimize space allocation at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Through a Multi-Objective Decision Analysis (MODA) framework, this study addresses existing methodologies for space allocation in military, academic, and office settings; the rules, limitations, and factors influencing space utilization at AFIT; and approaches to improve office and lab allocations for institutional efficiency and fairness. This research incorporates qualitative and quantitative metrics, including faculty and student data, research outputs, and historical space usage. These findings highlight significant complexities in space allocation, particularly in reconciling administrative and research requirements with structural …
Analysis Of An Army Recruiter Allocation Model (Ram), Erik J. Wittendorf
Analysis Of An Army Recruiter Allocation Model (Ram), Erik J. Wittendorf
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Army Recruiting Command’s mission to recruit America’s best and brightest volunteers that can deploy, fight, and win requires an effective distribution of its recruiting force to serve as local community ambassadors. This research analyzes an Army recruiter allocation model (RAM) and assesses its underlying assumptions, objective function, and constraints. A detailed study of relative market potential and production rates for up to 1,319 Army recruiting stations and 18,789 ZIP codes enables RAM modification recommendations leveraging evolving recruiting concepts and identifies areas of future work to continue improving the Army’s understanding of the recruiting environment.
Jamming-Tolerant Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network For Detection Sensor Networks, Michael A. Eddy
Jamming-Tolerant Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network For Detection Sensor Networks, Michael A. Eddy
Theses and Dissertations
This research evaluates the impact of electronic warfare, particularly jamming, on an audio-based drone detection wireless sensor network (WSN) using Monte Carlo simulations. A six-node IEEE 802.15.4 network, with five edge nodes and a central sink, is tested against jamming probabilities ranging from 0-100% in 5% increments across 30 iterations per configuration. Results show that packet delivery ratio (PDR) degrades linearly at approximately 20% per jammed node, while detection performance often exceeds PDR. Even at 80% jamming, detection success rates remain above 57%, highlighting resilience despite network degradation. The study reveals that jamming effectiveness depends on node placement relative to …
Material Classification With Spectropolarimetric Lidar, Alexander J. Watson
Material Classification With Spectropolarimetric Lidar, Alexander J. Watson
Theses and Dissertations
A method for characterizing unknown targets using a hyperspectral polarimetric light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system is presented. Light reflected from manmade objects tends to be more polarized than light reflected from objects in the natural world. As such, polarization measurements can be used in remote sensing applications to differentiate artificial and natural objects. Previous works have attempted to characterize objects through passive polarimetric imagery. Methods developed by Cain and Lemaster and Cunningham facilitate reconstruction of the Stokes Vector from returning light. Martin used multispectral polarimetry to classify targets when the angle of incidence (AOI) is close to 0º. Here, …
Extension Of The Circular Restricted N-Body Problem (Crnbp) To Varying Multi-Body Gravitational Systems, Annika J. Gilliam
Extension Of The Circular Restricted N-Body Problem (Crnbp) To Varying Multi-Body Gravitational Systems, Annika J. Gilliam
Theses and Dissertations
Multi-body dynamical models are a valuable tool used to examine certain aspects of spacecraft orbital mechanics by applying assumptions to restrict the problem. The Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP), one of these dynamical models, has been examined extensively in the last few decades; however, this model is not sufficient in the case of more than two massive celestial bodies gravitationally affecting a spacecraft. A novel model called the Circular Restricted N-Body Problem (CRNBP) is studied in this research as an alternative to the traditional CR3BP where necessary. A variety of systems are examined in this thesis, including the Jovian, Saturnian, …
Analyzing And Mapping Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Maneuvers, Kyle T. Monsma
Analyzing And Mapping Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Maneuvers, Kyle T. Monsma
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis develops a computational framework for analyzing the stability, control, and maneuverability of hypersonic cruise vehicles using surrogate modeling and trajectory propagation techniques. A polynomial ridge regression approach is implemented to create a continuous aerodynamic model from discrete force-moment data, enabling rapid stability and control assessments across Mach and altitude ranges. Vinh’s equations of motion are utilized to account for Earth’s curvature and gravitational effects, refining trajectory analysis for maneuver feasibility studies. Energy maneuverability diagrams, turn rate charts, and short-period stability metrics are generated to visualize flight performance constraints and dynamic stability characteristics. The results highlight the impact of …
Quantum Ghost Imaging Through An Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator, Mikaela R. Morris
Quantum Ghost Imaging Through An Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator, Mikaela R. Morris
Theses and Dissertations
The use of single photons and photon pairs has become a cornerstone for new developments in the sensing and imaging community for their ability to improve image resolution and signal to noise readings in low light environments and large standoff distances. Quantum imaging techniques have an ability to overcome the fundamental limits of classical imaging, like diffraction. Quantum ghost imaging, a specific type of quantum imaging, uses a bi-photon pair produced during the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion to produce an image. The pair is split using a beam splitter, the signal photon is transmitted through an aperture and …
Deep Reinforcement Learning For Leo Satellite Grouping, James E. Minteer
Deep Reinforcement Learning For Leo Satellite Grouping, James E. Minteer
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates jamming evasion using DRL to provide an autonomous solution that repositions a geostationary satellite experiencing directed, terrestrial based jamming. Second, this thesis applies DRL to an area of research for LEO satellite constellations, user grouping, using a portion of an Air Force Research Lab reinforcement learning framework. As LEO satellites orbit the earth, they must constantly re-evaluate not only which users they are able to connect to, but on which of its multiple beams. This model succeeds in finding a balance between maximizing signal strength and minimizing overhead from switching user assignments, all while requiring fewer costly …
Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna
Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna
Theses and Dissertations
The space environment’s suboptimal lighting conditions and eclipse periods impede inspection and on-orbit servicing missions. To abate this problem, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) launched the Mirror Illumination for Reconnaissance and Rendezvous of Orbital Resident Systems (MIRRORS) initiative. This initiative provides augmented illumination to resident space objects (RSOs) by reflecting the sun’s rays from a mirror satellite. Leveraging origami-inspired designs for compact packaging, AFIT developed a cube origami flasher mirror constructed from aluminum panels that unfolds passively via Nitinol hinges. This research investigates the necessary deployment and panning mechanisms for a dynamic, space-based origami mirror to advance the …
An Analytical Approach In Solving A Two-On-One Pursuit Evasion Differential Game With Fast Evader And No-Point Capture, Nathan T. Morrow
An Analytical Approach In Solving A Two-On-One Pursuit Evasion Differential Game With Fast Evader And No-Point Capture, Nathan T. Morrow
Theses and Dissertations
This paper is concerned with a co-planar pursuit-evasion scenario where two Pursuers (P) are after an Evader (E). The players are holonomic/can turn on a dime and their speeds, VP and VE, are constant, but the evader is faster than the pursuers, that is, the speed ratio parameter μ = VE/VP > 1. The Pursuers are endowed with a circular capture disc whose radius l > 0. A differential game (DG) with three states and one parameter is addressed through geometric and analytical methods where a partial solution is outlined and visualized. The game is split …
Discovering Design Requirements For Next Generation Arctic Tension Fabric Shelters, Mark W. Mcveigh
Discovering Design Requirements For Next Generation Arctic Tension Fabric Shelters, Mark W. Mcveigh
Theses and Dissertations
Military operations to remote Arctic regions require large-span temporary shelters to house tactical aircraft and provide heated maintained spaces. However, the current System-50 Large Area Maintenance Shelters used by the United States Air Force and Department of Defense are inadequate for Arctic deployments. These shelters lack durability against extreme subzero temperatures, heavy snow accumulation, and high wind speeds. They also fail to address critical Arctic-specific design challenges including permafrost protection, foundation disruption caused by frost heaves, and efficient heating as a result of their inadequate thermal resistance properties. This research analyzed 20 years of climatological data from 8,399 weather observation …
Deployable Origami Structure, David J. Garcia, Robert Bettinger
Deployable Origami Structure, David J. Garcia, Robert Bettinger
AFIT Patents
The present invention relates to deployable origami structures and methods of making and using same. Such deployable origami structures can be folded into a compact state utilizing origami, yet easily deployed as the structures comprise pseudo-elastic connectors. Additive manufacturing techniques can be used to make such deployable origami structures as such techniques can lower cost and structure weight.
Construction Change Order Data As Inputs For A Programmatic Risk Model, Eric C. Klein
Construction Change Order Data As Inputs For A Programmatic Risk Model, Eric C. Klein
Theses and Dissertations
Hurricane Michael struck Tyndall Air Force Base as a Category 5 storm with 160 mph winds, damaging or destroying 90% of its infrastructure (484 buildings). This devastation prompted the Department of Defense to rebuild Tyndall as the “Installation of the Future,” encompassing 44 Military Construction (MILCON) projects and 260 Facility Restoration, Sustainment, and Modernization (FRSM) projects. Since reconstruction began, over 630 Change Request Forms (CRFs) have been closed, adding $67.8 million in costs and 4,880 construction days. The Air Force Civil Engineer Center's Natural Disaster Recovery (NDR) Division developed a programmatic risk model to predict future costs and delays. However, …
Finite Element Simulation Of Interstitial–Lymphatic Fluid Flow And Nanodrug Transport In A Solid Tumor: An Intratumoral Injection Approach, Gobinda Debnath, Buddakkagari Vasu, Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Finite Element Simulation Of Interstitial–Lymphatic Fluid Flow And Nanodrug Transport In A Solid Tumor: An Intratumoral Injection Approach, Gobinda Debnath, Buddakkagari Vasu, Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Faculty Publications
Objective: This study presents a mathematical model and finite element simulations to investigate interstitial fluid flow and nanodrug transport in a solid tumor, incorporating transvascular exchange, convection–diffusion–reaction dynamics, and intratumoral injection mechanisms. Impact Statement: Optimizing nanodrug distribution remains a critical challenge in cancer therapy. The proposed model advances nanomedicine by enhancing the mechanistic understanding of nanodrug transport in a solid tumor. Introduction: Cancer, a global threat, often manifests as solid tumors driven by uncontrolled cell growth. The heterogeneous microenvironment, lymphatic drainage, nano-bio interactions, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) hinder effective nanodrug delivery. Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems offer a …
The Space Rescue Professional: Operationalizing Guardians For The Future, Benjamin Johnis, Robert Bettinger, James Dean
The Space Rescue Professional: Operationalizing Guardians For The Future, Benjamin Johnis, Robert Bettinger, James Dean
Faculty Publications
The escalating competition in space exploration demands a dedicated space rescue capability. This article argues for the establishment of a space rescue professional (SRP) career field within the Department of Defense and the US Space Force. By harnessing existing US Air Force combat rescue expertise and partnering with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Space Force can rapidly develop a robust SRP program with the warrant officer corps as its backbone. This article addresses a critical gap in national space policy to outline a cost-effective dual-service training pipeline and SRP operational roles. Such an investment safeguards astronauts, bolsters US …
Navigating Together: The Conav Testbed And Framework For Benchmarking Cooperative Localization, Rohith Boyinine, Jayanth Ammapalli, Anusna Chakraborty, Rajnikant Sharma, Kevin Brink, Clark N. Taylor
Navigating Together: The Conav Testbed And Framework For Benchmarking Cooperative Localization, Rohith Boyinine, Jayanth Ammapalli, Anusna Chakraborty, Rajnikant Sharma, Kevin Brink, Clark N. Taylor
Faculty Publications
This paper presents CoNaV, a comprehensive framework for creating a multi-vehicle cooperative localization (CL) testbed designed to support the benchmarking, development, and deployment of cooperative navigation algorithms. Given the essential role of CL in improving localization accuracy for both defense and civilian applications, CoNaV provides a robust environment for rigorously validating algorithms under real-world conditions. By establishing a benchmark for CL algorithms, CoNaV lays a foundation for advancing research into more sophisticated and distributed CL solutions. This framework highlights the potential of cooperative navigation to enhance multi-vehicle operations and offers a scalable, practical approach for future developments in CL technology.
High-Speed Aircraft Stability And Control Metrics, Timothy T. Takahashi, Jack A. Griffin, Ramana Grandhi
High-Speed Aircraft Stability And Control Metrics, Timothy T. Takahashi, Jack A. Griffin, Ramana Grandhi
Faculty Publications
This review paper identifies key stability and control screening parameters needed to design low-risk, general-purpose high-speed aircraft. These derive from MIL-STD-8785C, MIL-STD-1797, and older AGARD reports, and are suitable for assessing conceptual high-speed vehicles. We demonstrate their applicability using published ground test, computation, and flight test data from the Bell X-2, North American X-15, Martin X-24A, Northrop HL-10, Lockheed Blackbird (YF-12/SR-71), and North American XB-70 as well as the Rockwell Space Shuttle Orbiter. The relative success of the X-15 and Blackbird and the performance limitations of the others indicate the need to scrutinize lateral-directional stability at the preliminary design phase. …