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Articles 6391 - 6420 of 6952

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Hydrologic Evaluation Of The Coastal Belt Water Project Sarir And Tazerbo Well Fields, Libya, Edward P. Fisk, Christopher J. Duffy, Calvin G. Clyde, Roland W. Jeppson, Phillip H. Degroot, Bhasker Rao K., Win-Kai Liu Jan 1983

Hydrologic Evaluation Of The Coastal Belt Water Project Sarir And Tazerbo Well Fields, Libya, Edward P. Fisk, Christopher J. Duffy, Calvin G. Clyde, Roland W. Jeppson, Phillip H. Degroot, Bhasker Rao K., Win-Kai Liu

Reports

Executive Summary: The basic purpose of this study was to conduct a finite-element computer model and give an dindependent appraisal of the reliability of the groundwater supply for the proposed Coastal Belt Water Project (CBWP_ Well Fields at Sarir and Tazerbo. There is no doubt that ample quantities of groundwater of acceptable quality occur at the sites selected for these well fields for the estimated 50-year life of the project and longer. Of major concern is the predicted drawdown of wells and total pumping lifts throughout the 50-year period. Excessive drawdowns could cause operating costs to become prohibitibely expensive. Average …

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Adapting Appropriation Water Law To Accommodate Equitable Consideration Of Instream Flow Uses, Jay M. Bagley, Dean T. Larson, Lee Kapaloski Jan 1983

Adapting Appropriation Water Law To Accommodate Equitable Consideration Of Instream Flow Uses, Jay M. Bagley, Dean T. Larson, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

The increasing public interest in naturally flowing streams has fostered efforts to obtain their protection under existing state water laws. In this study, the water laws of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming were examined and compared 1) with each other, and 2) against a set of aleitn criteria, to assess shortcomings in accommodating instream flow protections. It was determined that the appropriation system has the essential features of and ambodies legal principles that should allow the accommodation of instream flow values but, at this time, purchase of existing rights or the exercise of governmental reservation/withdrawal/appropriation …

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Impediments To Effective Interactions Between Multipurpose Water Districts And Other Governmental Institutions In Urbanizing Areas, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws, Wendell B. Anderson, Daniel H. Hoggan, Lee Kapaloski Jan 1983

Impediments To Effective Interactions Between Multipurpose Water Districts And Other Governmental Institutions In Urbanizing Areas, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws, Wendell B. Anderson, Daniel H. Hoggan, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

Water institutions are highly diffused throughout society. These institutions interact with one another in various ways. As water needs and services expand, collaborative and cooperative arrangements are commonly sought as a means of meeting common goals of providing a safe, dependable adn least cost water supply to particular constituencies. Of the many different institutions involved in the development, managment, distribution, and use of water, perhaps the most significant in terms of extensive interactions with other institutions is the kind that is typified by Water Conservancy Districts and Metropolitan Water Districts in Utah. The statutory and operating framework of counterpart organizations …

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Some Lake Level Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, Marvin E. Allen, Ronald K. Christensen, J. Paul Riley Jan 1983

Some Lake Level Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, Marvin E. Allen, Ronald K. Christensen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Fluctuations of the level of the Great Salt Lake cause large changes in both surface area and shoreline. Developments adjacent to the lake have been damaged by both high and low lake levels; and unless measures are implemented to regulate lake level fluctuations or otherwise to protect these developments, damages will continue. Various possible managment alternatives for mitigating potential damages from lake level fluctuations need to be examined and evaluated. In this study, three possible techniques are examined for reducing damages from fluctuating water levels at the lake, namely: 1. Consumptively using an increased proportion of the inflowing fresh waters …

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Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River Ecosystem, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra Jan 1983

Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River Ecosystem, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

The Colorado River system has often been referred to as "the most regulated river system in the world." The Colorado River Basin serves millions of people through agricultural, energy, municipal and industrial uses, fish and wildlife activities, and recreation. The symposium was conceived and organized to allow researchers, private industry, consultants, water users, regulatory agencies, and concerned citizens the opportunity to express needs, desires, and concerns about the vast resources of the Colorado River. We found that there were a diverse number of problems confronting the individuals who are involved in the management of this important ecosystem. A variety of …

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Fecal Coliform Release Studies And Development Of A Preliminary Nonpoint Source Transport Model For Indicator Bacteria, Everett P. Springer, Gerald F. Gifford, Michael P. Windham, Richard Thelin, Michael Kress Jan 1983

Fecal Coliform Release Studies And Development Of A Preliminary Nonpoint Source Transport Model For Indicator Bacteria, Everett P. Springer, Gerald F. Gifford, Michael P. Windham, Richard Thelin, Michael Kress

Reports

The effect of grazing on water quality has been documented by bacteriological studies of streams adjacent to grazed areas. Bacterial release from fecal deposits is a parameter of the pollution transport mechanism that is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine a fecal coliform release function for cattle fecal deposits. Standard cowpies were rained on with a rainfall simulator, and the fecal coliform counts were determined using the most probably number (MPN) method of enumeration. The fecal deposits were rained on at ages 2 through 100 days. The effects of rainfall intensity and recurrent rainfall were tested. …

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Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Upper Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat, Bruce Mok, David Wegner Jan 1983

Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Upper Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat, Bruce Mok, David Wegner

Reports

Executive Summary: A reconnaissance-level study was conducted in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming, during the late summer of 1982 in order to determine the possible importance of the sediment sin exacerbating the blue-green algal blooms that occur in summer in the upper reservoir. Sediments can affect phytoplankton dynamics in reservoirs on an annual basis by delyaing the availability of particulate P associated with spring runoff until late summery, when the warm water temperatures and the light climate favor the growth of blue-green algae. Over the longer term, however, sediments that historically have served as a trap for part of the annual …

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The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker Jan 1983

The Effects Of Impoundments On Salinity In The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

The increase in salinity of our western rivers has been identified as one of the most serious water quality problems in the nation. This is of special concern in the Colorado River where salinity has increased from pristine levels estimated at 380 mg/1 to present-day levels of 825 mg/1 at Imperial Dam. Flow depletions, associated with decreased runoff and increased evaporation and diversions, coupled with high salt loading from natural and man-created sources are considered the primary causes for rising salinity in the river. The urban and agricultural development projected to occur in the basin through this century could deplete …

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Scientific Perspectives On Integrated Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson Jan 1983

Scientific Perspectives On Integrated Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

When management requires water quality standards, we should establish standards in a scientific and logical manner to serve the long-term needs of the users. It was this very process that led to enactment of the Reclamation Act of 1902 and the Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 - legislation that still serves the needs of users in the Colorado River Basin. This process can work again if we can make the "tradeoffs" that are so vital in management of a multi-purpose river. In order to do this, however, we must first be able to identify "tradeoffs." This requires good scientific …

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Drought Management Concepts: Lessons Of The 1976-1977 U.S. Drought, Rangesan Narayanan, Herbert H. Fullerton, Trevor C. Hughes, A. Bruce Bishop, Mac Mckee, Dean T. Larson, Hamid Fakhraei Jan 1983

Drought Management Concepts: Lessons Of The 1976-1977 U.S. Drought, Rangesan Narayanan, Herbert H. Fullerton, Trevor C. Hughes, A. Bruce Bishop, Mac Mckee, Dean T. Larson, Hamid Fakhraei

Reports

Three approaches to drought management are developed as generalized mathematical models. Each model is then applied to particular locations in Utah using the hydrologic/economic data from the 1976-77 drought. The modeling approaches include: (1) A multiple regression approach is used to quantify the changes in water use achieved by three common municipal sector rationing policies: (a) restrictions on time of outdoor use, (b) price increases, and (c) mandatory quantity restrictions (2) A model was presented for determing the optimal long term price schedule for rationing a stochastically variable water supply during summer peak demand season among groups of municipal water …

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Index Construction For Multiple Objective Analysis Of Land And Water Use In A High Mountain Watershed, L. Douglas James, Dean T. Larson, Mac Mckee, Jay J. Messer, Thomas M. Twedt, Randy Sperger, Barbara D. Campion, Frank J. Nemanich, Donald B. Porcella, Herbert H. Fullerton Jan 1983

Index Construction For Multiple Objective Analysis Of Land And Water Use In A High Mountain Watershed, L. Douglas James, Dean T. Larson, Mac Mckee, Jay J. Messer, Thomas M. Twedt, Randy Sperger, Barbara D. Campion, Frank J. Nemanich, Donald B. Porcella, Herbert H. Fullerton

Reports

Comprehensive planning is an elusive ideal. The practical planner must sort the relevant information from the vast amounts of data that modern technology can collect. The objective of this study was to use the Upper Blackfoot watershed in the mountains of Southeastern Idaho as an arena for developing methods for construction, refinement, and application of indices needed to design land and water management schemes, compare alternatives, and influence the public in their uses of the area. A total of 21 uses were examined on 242 land units of a 160 square-mile area ranging in elevation from 6300 to 9000 feet …

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Evaluation Of The Utah Operational Weather Modification Program, Geoffrey E. Hill Apr 1982

Evaluation Of The Utah Operational Weather Modification Program, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

This study is an evaluation of a winter orographic cloud seeding project in Utah. The evaluation is based upon both intensive field measurements and historic~l records. For the field measurements, ground and airborne data were collected during February and March, 1981 in the vicinity of the Tushar Mountains. In evaluating the physical data three aspects are emphasized: the dispersal of artificial ice nuclei, the distribution of supercooled liquid water, and the growth and trajectories of precipitation. Ground based measurements were made by K and X band radars, a dual frequency microwave radiometer, a network of precipitation gauges, an ice nucleus …

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Optimizing Growth Options For The Wewahootee Pump And Transport System, Joseph O. Lung Apr 1982

Optimizing Growth Options For The Wewahootee Pump And Transport System, Joseph O. Lung

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Techniques for performance optimization and energy reduction were reviewed for application to water supply plants. Simple techniques were developed which permit intelligent management decisions for plant operation growth. The techniques were applied to the Wewahootee Water Supply Plant, Cocoa, Florida. Optimum performance for the existing plant was determined together with a growth plan for reducing energy consumption and increasing the maximum flow capacity to meet demand through the year 2000. The following recommendations were made: 1. Plant operators should incorporate the optimized pump operation schedule presented herein. 2. Four existing pumps should be modified for dual speed operation, and a …

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Salt Uptake In Natural Channels Traversing Mancos Shales In The Price River Basin, Utah, J. Paul Riley, D. George Chadwick, Lester S. Dixon, L. Douglas James, William J. Grenney, Eugene K. Israelsen Jan 1982

Salt Uptake In Natural Channels Traversing Mancos Shales In The Price River Basin, Utah, J. Paul Riley, D. George Chadwick, Lester S. Dixon, L. Douglas James, William J. Grenney, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

Field and laboratory measurements of process rates for runoff and salt movement were used to develop and calibrate a hydrosalinity model of outlfows from the Price River Basin at Woodside, Utah. The field measurements were specifically used to formulate a model for estimating surface flow (both overland and from small ephemeral channels) in the Coal Creek Basin on the valley floor of the Price River Basin. The basin simulation assessment model (BSAM) was used to combine local flows and model total outflow from the Price River. The results must be regarded as a first generation model that, while giving ostensibly …

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Effect Of Herbicides On Performance Of Aerobic Dairy Lagoons, John D. Bottom, Joseph L. Taraba Jan 1982

Effect Of Herbicides On Performance Of Aerobic Dairy Lagoons, John D. Bottom, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The herbicides glyphosate, bromacil, and dalapon were assessed for their affect on the oxygen uptake of microorganisms from an aerated dairy lagoon at 20 °C. The maximum recommended addition of herbicide active ingerdient to a lagoon is: glyphosate (isopropyl amino salt)—0.42 mg/L; bromacil—3.70 mg/L; and dalapon (85.8 percent Na salt and 14.2 percent Mg salt)—1.95 mg/L. In addition, microorganism isolates from the aerobic dairy lagoon were incubated under aerobic and anerobic conditions at room temperature to assess the effects of the herbicides. Under aerobic incubation, it was found that neither herbicide type nor herbicide concentration affected isolate growth. Under anaerobic …

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An Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Modified Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment System: Sloped Rock-Grass Filtration, Daria Wightman, Dennis B. George, John H. Zirschky, Daniel S. Filip, Judith Sims Jan 1982

An Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Modified Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment System: Sloped Rock-Grass Filtration, Daria Wightman, Dennis B. George, John H. Zirschky, Daniel S. Filip, Judith Sims

Reports

The effectiveness of a sloped rock-grass filtration system in treating municipal wastewater was tested on a 24 m by 36 m (80 ft by 120 ft) slope on a 2.5 percent grade sown with a mixture of rye grass, fescue grass, and bluegrass. The field was divided into six plots, each approximately 3.5 m wide and 36 m long. Three of the plots (slope-rock) were constructed with 9 m of gravel, 7.6 cm deep, on the upper reaches of the slope. Raw (screened, degritted) municipal wastewater from Hyrum, Utah, was applied to the slope-rock sections at application rates of 13 …

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Potential Of Water And Salt Yields From Surface Runoff On Public Lands In The Price River Basin, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill, Brian Peckins Jan 1982

Potential Of Water And Salt Yields From Surface Runoff On Public Lands In The Price River Basin, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill, Brian Peckins

Reports

The report examines possible sources of dissolved salts in the Price River basin. Ephemeral and intermittent streams contributed dissolved salts and are the focus of the study. Seven subwatersheds and the Price River at Heiner are investigated to examine the effects of existing watershed characteristics on runoff and dissolved salts production. Alternatley, the report examines the effects of specific land treatments on surface runoff quantity and quality. Various instrumentation techniques are evalauted to help improve future data collected capabilities in intermittent channels. The examination of the data reveals various trends that might be considered for further investigation in subsequent studies.

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An Evaluation Of Water Conservation Techniques In The Upper Colorado River Basin, Rangesan Narayanan, Douglas R. Franklin Jan 1982

An Evaluation Of Water Conservation Techniques In The Upper Colorado River Basin, Rangesan Narayanan, Douglas R. Franklin

Reports

The Upper Colorado River Basin states contain large deposits of oil shale, tar sands, crude oil, coal, and natural gas, which are or could be used to produce refined petroleum products, natural and synthetic gas, and eletrical power. Agriculture is the predominant water consuming industry of the basin, accounting for 90 percent of the total depletions. Future energy development in the Upper Colorado River Basin will compete with agriculture for the limited supply of water by bidding up the price of water. The study attempts to identify the need for government-sponsored water conservation measures in conjunction with other water saving …

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Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff Jan 1982

Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff

Reports

Snowmelt collected from snow cores taken from the 1982 spring snowpack in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah lacked mineral acidity and retained enough buffering capacity in the form of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates to titrate additional inputs of strong acid equivalent to the amount apparently already neutralized. While acid anion concentrations were higher than those found in pristine areas, they were much lower than those reported for winter precipitation in other western areas experiencing acidification of precipitation. Snowmelt pH ranged from 5.62 to 6.88 (mean = 6.17), and sulfate was relatively more important than nitrate, showing an average equivalent …

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Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post Jan 1982

Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post

Reports

Introduction: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains vast deposits of coal, oil shale, and tar sands, which could undergo extensive development should oil prices rise or an international situation restrict oil imports. Naturally, the prospect of development of these alternative fossil fuels resources has led to concern over how extraction and conversion activities will impact environmental quality. A thorough understanding of the nature and magnitude of the resulting envionemental impacts is a necessary prerequisite, if the costs and risks of such activites are to be weighed against the economic benefits. When we set out to evaluated these costs and risks, …

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A Multivariate Water Quality Index For Use In Management Of A Wildland Watershed, Ramzi Mahmood, Jay J. Messer, Frank J. Nemanich, Charles I. Liff, Dennis B. George Jan 1982

A Multivariate Water Quality Index For Use In Management Of A Wildland Watershed, Ramzi Mahmood, Jay J. Messer, Frank J. Nemanich, Charles I. Liff, Dennis B. George

Reports

Executive Summary: Summary: Multivariate statistical techniques were used to define a method for establishing a water quality index (WQI) for use in protecting the stream environment in a high mountain watershed. The purpose of the WQI was to aggregate water quality parameters in such a way that the effects of low level increments in mining, grazing, logging and other activities could be related to a change in the value of a single entity, aquatic environmental aquality, in a linear programming (LP) management model. Several data aggregation methods were explored, using water quality data collected over 5 years (1975-1979) by the …

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A Chance-Constrained Programming Model Of Water Allocations In Utah, John E. Keith, Gustavo A. Martinez Gerstl, Rangesan Narayanan, Donald L. Snyder Jan 1982

A Chance-Constrained Programming Model Of Water Allocations In Utah, John E. Keith, Gustavo A. Martinez Gerstl, Rangesan Narayanan, Donald L. Snyder

Reports

A chance-constrained separable programming model of water allocations between agriculture and energy production was developed in order to examine the effect of the variability of water supplies in Utah. Using an incomplete gamma function, based on method of moments estimation of parameters, the water flows at 85, 90, and 95 percent probabilities of occurence were generated. These flows were then used as constraints in the allocation model. Results indicate that water quality could be a more significant constraint on irrigated agriculture than water quantity in the face of large scale energy development, and the variability of water availability alone is …

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Consumptive Use And Water Requirements For Utah, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Trevor C. Hughes, Jay M. Bagley Jan 1982

Consumptive Use And Water Requirements For Utah, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Trevor C. Hughes, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Foreword: Studies on the meteorological determinants of evapotranspiration were initiated at least as long ago as the 1920s and by the late 1940s had produced the Blaney-Criddle method for estimating crop consumptive use. The resulting ability to estimate water requirements by both location and crop added a new scientific dimension to water rights administration that was first introduced into the courts of Utah during adjudication of water rights in the Escalante Valley in 1949. Application of the consumptive use concept to water rights administration and water resources planning, however, required a wirtten reference. Technical Publication No. 8 entitled "Consumptive Use …

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Organizational Alternatives To Achieve Greater Uniformity In State-Wide Water Rights Management In Utah, Daniel H. Hoggan, Kirk R. Kimball, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws Jan 1982

Organizational Alternatives To Achieve Greater Uniformity In State-Wide Water Rights Management In Utah, Daniel H. Hoggan, Kirk R. Kimball, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws

Reports

In the distribution of water among users in the state of Utah there is lack of organizational uniformity. On some rivers, the state engineer is assisted by river sommissioners who have been appointed to measure and monitor water deliveries. On other rivers there are no comissioners; problems and disputes must be settled on a case by case basis by the state engineer. The responsibilities, arrangements, salaries, and methods of payment for commissioners vary from basin to basin. A more unifed distribution organization composed of state-employed water sommissioners would have several advantages over the existing system of commissioners employed by local …

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Further Studies Of A Cache Valley Residence Having A Groundwater Heat Pump, Michael L. Henrie Jan 1982

Further Studies Of A Cache Valley Residence Having A Groundwater Heat Pump, Michael L. Henrie

Reports

The thermal behavior of a 5-ton groundwater heat pump and the wood-frame house in which it is installed (located in Logan, Utah, latitude 44°49’; elevation 4775 ft.) were investigated during two 30 day peak use periods, the first in late summer and the second in mid-winter. Continuous measurements were taken of indoor and outdoor temperatures, groundwater temperatures, supply and return air temperatures, gallons of groundwater cycled, and Btu rejected or absorbed. These measurements were used for 1) determining the instantaneous heat gains and/or heat losses of the house by conduction and infiltration of both periods studied and 2) computing the …

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Defining Stream Fish Microhabitat Requirements For Water Project Planning, William T. Helm Jan 1982

Defining Stream Fish Microhabitat Requirements For Water Project Planning, William T. Helm

Reports

Brown trout daily activities were divided into two braod categories, resting and feeding, and the population was divided into three size groups (one of which is reported on here), based on the timing and location of these activities. Microhabitat components, measured previously in four rivers at sites occupied by fish, were utilized to develop usable componenet ranges for each size group and activity to illustrate the breadth of component values utilized out of the total range available. Microhabitat is thus described as a range of numerical values for each componenet of a specific set of components. A 90 meter section …

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Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George Jan 1982

Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to remove nitrate-nigrogen (i.e., reduction to a gaseous form) from the secondary wastewater effluent. To accomplish th above task, a jar test procedure was established and the concentration of NO3-N along with the concentration of NH3-N present in the secondary wastewater, treated with SO2, were measured initially and after 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 24 hr. Then, the percent NO3-N removal was calculated, comparing the NO3-H concentrations measured in each treatment with the initial values. The above procedures were conducted for …

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Guidelines For Minimizing Salinity Buildup In Groundwaters Of Utah, Edward P. Fisk, Calvin G. Clyde Jan 1982

Guidelines For Minimizing Salinity Buildup In Groundwaters Of Utah, Edward P. Fisk, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

In arid Utah practically all of the replenishable surface water supplies are nearly fully developed. At least some groundwater resources are being used in every basin. Groundwater use is expanding throughout the state and in some areas the draft is nearly equal to the sustained yield. Irrigated agriculture is the major water user. Multiple reuse of water is common in many areas, but as salinity increases with each cycle of usage, salinity also is usually the limiting factor for usefulness. Effective control of salinity buildup will permit more efficient and more extensive use of the state’s waters with potentially large …

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Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks Jan 1982

Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

An extensive review of the literature was conducted and results were evaluated for the use of the reverse osmosis process in the treatment of drinking water supplies. All aspects of reverse osmosis technology, including pretreatment requirements; membrane type and configuration; membrane cleaning and maintenance; and reverse osmosis removal of organics, inorganics, and microbial contaminants were incorporated inot the literature evaluation. A survey (Appendix E) of existing full scale reverse osmosis installations was also carried out and results of the survey are discussed. In light of data presented in the literature and results of the survey conducted, the following recommendations were …

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Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George Jan 1982

Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

Small scale, three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. This compound was chosen as a model for carcinogenic PAH because it is a typical constituent of petro-chemical effluents and has middle-of-the-range physical and chamical characteristics. In a series of experiments, techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicate taht benz(a)anthracene has no acute effect on aquatic organisms as indicated by the parameters used to measure community structure and function (gas productivity, nutrient utilization, biomass accumulation, and species composition). Gas …

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