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Treatment Process Optimization At The Lee Hall Water Treatment Plant Newport News, Virginia, Marcy Granum Garnett

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Various methods can be used in operating a water treatment plant. It is desirable to produce good quality water as efficiently and economically as possible. This study evaluates each phase of operation at the Newport News (Lee Hall} water treatment plant for overall efficiency.

This study begins by giving a detailed description of the Lee Hall water treatment plant. The description includes sources of water, a description of each treatment process, a plan view of the treatment plant, and a flow diagram of the treatment plant.

Based on the raw water data, flow rates, and the treatment plant characteristics, the …

The Geology Of Maine's Coastline : A Handbook For Resource Planners, Developers, And Managers, Maine State Planning Office

Maine Collection

The Geology of Maine's Coastline : A Handbook for Resource Planners, Developers, and Managers

Executive Department, Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, Maine, June 1983.

Contents: List of Figures / Introduction: The Geological Connection / Chapter 1: Using the Marine Environments Maps / Chapter 2: Perspectives of the Maine Coast / Chapter 3: The Building Blocks of Maine's Coast / Chapter 4: The Disappearing Shoreline / Where to Go for Help / Some Planning Considerations for Development in Coastal Geologic Environments / Land Use Laws of Special Interest to Individual Coastal Property Owners

Hydraulic Model Study Of Hyrum Dam Auxiliary Labyrinth Spillway, Kathleen L. Houston, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation, Division Of Research, Hydraulics Branch

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The updated IDF (inflow design flood) for Hyrum Reservoir could not be passed with the existing hydraulic structures. The labyrinth was the most economical alternative for an auxiliary spillway. The labyrinth spillway, a series of trapezoidal shapes in plan form, would provide the necessary spillway length and capacity within a comparatively small width. The spillway configuration was based on design curves developed in the Bureau of Reclamation Hydraulic Laboratory.

The 1:30 scale model included the upstream approach channel, the labyrinth spillway, and a transition section leading to a long sloping chute. The model confirmed the maximum discharge of the spillway …

Evaluating The Effects Of Alum With Polyelectrolyte Coagulant Aids In Treatment Of Low Turbidity Waters, Kenneth John Stockwell

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Potable water sources usually require treatment for removal of suspended organic and inorganic particles. Conventional treatment processes incorporate chemical coagulants for removal of these suspended particles. Alum is a widely used coagulant that can provide adequate removals of turbidity. However, high alum dosages are required for treatment of low turbidity waters producing a voluminous sludge that is difficult to dewater.

Recent Federal regulations have limited disposal options for chemical sludges. This has prompted a reevaluation of coagulants and their dosages with the goal of reducing the amount of sludge produced and improving the sludge handling characteristics necessary for ultimate disposal. …

Interstate Gas Pipeline Ratemaking And Contract Implications, Henry E. Brown

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

61 pages.

Contains references.

Contains 7 attachments.

Creditors’ Rights Involved In The Production And Sale Of Natural Gas, William M. Schultz

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

101 pages (includes forms).

Contains 6 attachments.

Section 311 And 312 Of The Natural Gas Policy Act Of 1978 And Hinshaw Pipelines, Lauren Eaton

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

5 pages.

Drafting And Interpreting Sensitive Gas Purchase Contract Provisions, William D. Watson

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

8 pages.

Off-System Sales: Will They Ever Return?, Paul F. O'Konski

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

5 pages.

Off-System Sales – Will They Ever Return? (The Interstate Side), Robert C. Mchugh

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

27 pages (includes illustrations).

Contains 2 pages of references.

Contains 1 attachment.

The Natural Gas Industry In Transition, Ruth A. Maurer

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

10 pages (includes illustrations).

Legislative Prospects For Wellhead Pricing Of Natural Gas, Richard G. Morgan

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

162 pages.

Contains 16 attachments.

Contractual And Other Considerations Affecting Producers, Pipelines And Distributors During Current Period Of Market Demand Constraints [Outline], Michael J. Manning

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

6 pages.

Agenda: Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions For The Future Of Regulatory Environment, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center, University Of Houston. Law Center

Natural Gas Symposium: Contract Solutions for the Future of Regulatory Environment (March 24-25)

Contents:

The natural gas industry in transition / Ruth A. Maurer -- Legislative prospects for wellhead pricing of natural gas / Richard G. Morgan -- Off-system sales : will they ever return? : the interstate side / Robert C. McHugh -- Off-system sales : will they ever return? / Paul F. O'Konski -- Contractual and other considerations affecting producers, pipelines and distributors during current period of market demand constraints / Michael J. Manning -- Section 311 and 312 of the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 and Hinshaw pipelines / Lauren Eaton -- Drafting and interpreting sensitive gas purchase contract …

Hydraulic Analysis Of Surcharged Storm Sewer Systems, Don J. Wood, Gregory C. Heitzman

KWRRI Research Reports

Surcharge in a storm sewer system is the condition in which an entire sewer section is submerged and the pipe is flowing full under pressure. Flow in a surcharged storm sewer is essentially slowly varying unsteady pipe flow and methods for analyzing this type of flow are investigated. In this report the governing equations for unsteady fluid flow in pressurized storm sewers are presented. From these governing equations three numerical models are developed using various assumptions and simplifications. These flow models are applied to several example storm sewer systems under surcharge conditions. Plots of hydraulic grade and flow throughout the …

An Economic Evaluation Of Benefits And Costs Of Maintaining Instream Flows, Rangesan Narayanan, Dean T. Larson, A. Bruce Bishop, Parvaneh Amirfathi

Reports

Instream flows enhance recreation, hydropower, fish and wildlife maintenance, and riverine ecosytems. Each use has water requirements that vary over time in unique patterns. The determination of the overall instream requirement at any given time must be considered in competition with the demand for municipal and agricultural uses. Two obstacles to integrating instream uses into the appropriation system of water law are difficulty in satisfying the legal requirements of an appropriation for a public use and the fact that instream flow uses are considered more "environmental" than "economic" in character. The extreme options for allocating flow between these user groups …

The Effects Of Limited Food Availability On The Striped Bass Fishery In Lake Mead, John R. Baker, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The original range of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) was along the Atlantic Coast. They were introduced into the lower Sacramento River in 1879 and are now also found along the Pacific Coast. A landlocked striped bass fishery was established in Santee-Cooper Reservoir, South Carolina, in 1954, and they have since been introduced into numerous other reservoirs, including Lake Havasu, Lake Mead and Lake Powell on the Colorado River. Striped bass were introduced into Lake Mead in 1969 in response to declines in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fishery that occurred during the 1960s and in order to further utilize the …

Limiting Swine Stress With Evaporative Cooling In The Southeast, Robert L. Fehr, K. T. Priddy, Samuel G. Mcneill, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Three-hourly weather data for 7 locations in the Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling for reducing swine stress. Stress was defined as a relationship between dry and wet bulb temperatures which exceeded a stress index of 85. This analysis indicates that properly installed evaporative coolers could reduce the number of hours that stress would occur in swine facilities from 89.6 to 96.4% depending on location.

An Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Crude Oil On Two Freshwater Lake Ecosystems, Martin D. Werner, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

Responses of two freshwater lake ecosystems of the Intermountain West to crude oil impaction were investigated. The research was conducted in two phases; in the first phase effects of crude oil were studied on an ecosystem established in three phase laboratory microcosms (gaseous-aqueous-sediment), which simulated the natural lakes. Notable responses of the microcosm ecosystem to oil impaction included: an increased oxygen demand by the biological community, nutrient immobilization, a reduction in plant biomass accumulation and a heterotrophically dominated ecosystem. The increased availability of biologically degradable reduced carbon (i.e., the oil) and nutrient immobilization, rather than toxic effects of oil on …

Effects Of Cadmium On Streams And Irrigated Agriculture In The Presence And Absence Of Oil Shale Leachate, Douglas A. Selby, Jean M. Ihnat, Fredrick J. Post, Jay J. Messer

Reports

Artificial streams, soil perfusion columns, and potted plants were exposed to 20 ug Cd/l in the presence and absence of unretorted oil shale leachate. High cadmium accumulations occurred in the stream biota, but did not measurably affect community structure or function. The presence of oil shale leachate had no effect on bioaccumulation or ecosystem structure or function. Nitrification in soil columns was enhanced by the presence of the organic fraction of oil shale leachate, but this effect was not observed when cadmium was present. Crop accumulation of cadmium was somewhat higher in alfalfa and radishes irrigated with leachate, but did …

The Evaluation Of Metals And Other Substances Released Into Coal Mine Accrual Waters On The Wasatch Plateau Coal Field, Utah, Alberta J. Seierstad, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra, Nancy J. Hoefs, Robert E. Hinchee

Reports

Six sites on the Wasatch Plateau were chosen representing subsurface coal mines which were discharging or collecting accrual water on this coal field. Water samples were collected monthly at these sites for a period of 1 year (May 1981 to April 1982). Samples were taken before and after each mine's treatment system. Water sampels were analyzed for major anions and cations, trace metals, physical properaties, nutrients, total organic carbon, oil and grease, trihalomethanes, and algal assay. Predictions were made as to the possible effects these coal mine accrual waters would have when used for drinking water, irrigation water, stock and …

Conjunctive Water Use Planning With Water Quality Constraints In Tooele Valley, Utah, Bhasker Rao K., Calvin G. Clyde, Rangesan Narayanan

Reports

The need for more efficient water management is gaining recognition due to the increased cost of water supply, the growth in the demand for water, and greater environmental and social impacts of water programs. "Conjunctive use" of surfact and groundwater resources provides opportunities for increasing net benefits to the water users. Past "conjunctive use" studies, however, have usually not included water quality constraints. In Tooele valley, Utah, spatial variation of groundwater qualtity (total dissolved solids) is significant. The areas of good (400-500 mg/1), fair (500-1,000 mg/1), and poor (1,000-3,000 mg/1) quality groundwaters were identified in an earlier study by the …

Alteration Of Availability Of Heavy Metals To Aquatic Microflora By Complexation With Organics Associated With Oil Shale Development, Bruce S. Mok, Jay J. Messer

Reports

Leachates from both raw (unretorted) and Paraho retorted oil shale show the ability to bind copper, and perhaps cadmium, strongly enough to mitigate the inhibitory effects of these metals on the growth of the test algal,

Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Some Utah Reservoirs, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

Introduction: Phosphorus inputs to lakes and reservoirs from tributary streams and non-point sources are well-known contributors to nuisance algal growths that degrade water quality for potable and recreational uses in lakes and reservoirs. However, phosphours inputs to the euphotic zone may also occur from within the lake itself, as a result of releases from both oxic and anoxid sediments. Such releases may originate from phosphorus inputs to a lake or reservoir during high runoff periods in the previous winder or spring, or they may represent phosphorus trapped in the sediment many years earlier, when phosphorus contributions from natural or anthropogenic …

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Are They A Problem In Processed Oil Shales?, David L. Maase, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Organic residues from processed oil shales were characterisized with specific attention to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Oil shale development in the White River Basin (Utah and Colorado) was projected and hydrological and geological parameters pertinent to estimations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) flux were focused. Oil shale samples from the Union B, Paraho, and Tosco II processes were extracted by using organic solvents in a soxhlet apparatus and by mixing shale samples with water (characterization in

Adapting Water Services To Urban Growth: A Case Study Of Salt Lake County, Dean T. Larson, Kirk R. Kimball, Calvin W. Hiibner, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Urbanizing areas thorughout the nation are considering governmental reorganization or consolidation to coordinate planning and improve the cost effectiveness of the delivery of public services. More efficient water supply and wastewater services may become important in the political debate over reorganization. However water factors figure politically, accomplished reorganizations must carefully plan for efficent provision of water services. This study profiles the structure and interactions of municipalities and water service agencies in Utah's Salt Lake County during the 1970s. Both 1975 and 1978 attempts to consolidate Salt Lake City and the unincorporated areas of the county failed. The voting patterns, interest …

Hydraulics Of Solving Unsteady Debris Flow, Roland W. Jeppson, Salvador A. Rodriguez

Reports

This report describes methods for determining the depths, velocities, and flow rates of debris flows. As used herein debris flow consists of water rand solid particles sot that the density of the mixture is roughly twice as large as water, and due to the accumulation of large solid particles the viscosity of the mixture is large enough for the flow to exhibit typical laminar flow properties in which adjacent layers slide with respect to each other rather than intermix as occurs in turbulent flows of water for example. A previous report from this project proposed a basic equation for estimating …

Evaluation Of The Potential For Groundwater Transport Of Mutagenic Compounds Released By Spent Oil Shale, Robert E. Hinchee, V. Dean Adams, Jeffrey G. Curtis, Alberta J. Seierstad

Reports

The major focus of this study was on the potential mutagenicity of aqueous leachates from spent oil shale. Additional mutagenicity testing was also done on raw shale and coal. The Ames salmonella microsomal bioassay was used to test for chemical mutagenicity. Spent oil sahles from the Paraho and TOSCO II processes, a raw shale from Anvil Points, and a composite coal sample from the Wasatch plateau were extracted with water and organic solvents. Only organic solvent extraction of the TOSCO spent shale resulted in a mutagenic response. The lack of mutgenic reponse to organic extracts of Paraho spent shale was …

Eutrophication Assessment Of Mt. Dell Reservoir, Richard A. Hanson, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra, Kyle R. Cook, Dennis B. George

Reports

The degree and possible causes of eutrophication in Mt. Dell Reservoir, a small water supply reservoir in Parleys Canyon above Salt Lake City, were examined with a number of limnological studes. These studies described external (incoming stream flow) and internal (sediment) nutrient sources, general limnology, nutrient limitations, and trophic state. A monthly program of sampling at selected stream sites determined taht one area of mixed agricultural and undistrubed rangeland contributed significant amounts of total soluble inorganic nitrogen. Sediment phosphorus uptake and release rates were determined with aquatic three-phase microcosms. The results indicated that sediment phosphorus mass loadings were small (less …

A Preliminary Quantification Of The Impacts Of Aspen To Conifer Succession On Water Yield Within The Colorado River Basin (A Process Aggravating The Salt Pollution Problem), Gerald F. Gifford, William Humphries, Richard A. Jaynes

Reports

Heat pulse velocity techniques were developed for effectively monitoring water movement in aspen (Populus ttremuloides), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), and Englemann spruce (Picea engelmannii). Once the techniques were perfected, transpiration was monitored in replicated trees of each species for one year. This data was used to modify the plant activity index and the crop coefficient for each species within the model ASPCON, a deterministic, lumped-parameter model describing the hydrology of aspen to conifer succession. Results of the modeling indicate 18.5 cm(7.3 in) net loss of moisture available for stream flow when spruce replace aspen, and a loss of 7.1 cm …