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Articles 5881 - 5910 of 5914
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Construction, Instrumentation, And Preliminary Verification Of A Physical Hydrologic Model, Donald L. Chery Jr.
Construction, Instrumentation, And Preliminary Verification Of A Physical Hydrologic Model, Donald L. Chery Jr.
Reports
From theoretical consideration involving a rationalized dimensional analysis of the rainfall-runoff phenomena, dimensionless products of the pertinent variables are derived. These dimensionless products guided the design and construction of a rainstorm simulator and topographic model. The design and construction of these two basic elements of the physical hydrologic model are described. A description of the instrumentation and several relevant calibration tests is followed by a discussion of two preliminary verification test sets. The tests indicated that some necessary refinements in equipment and instrumentation were needed before more precise experimental data could be obtained. Further, the tests produced results which encouraged …
Water Vapor Measurements Using Infrared Absorption, Duard S. Woffinden
Water Vapor Measurements Using Infrared Absorption, Duard S. Woffinden
Reports
Man’s attempt to control the amount of available water has taken two approaches, i.e., weather modification and water storage through the use of man-made reservoirs. In either case, it is necessary to ascertain the water vapor content of the atmosphere. In the case of weather modification, if the water vapor content is insufficient, it is futile to attempt to start precipitation. In the case of reservoirs, it is important to know the evaporation rate since it has been demonstrated that some reservoirs provide a net negative contribution to the total water supply by increasing the normal evaporation losses. Any attempt …
Equipment And Techniques For Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Monlayer-Forming Materials To Lakes And Reservoirs, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe
Equipment And Techniques For Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Monlayer-Forming Materials To Lakes And Reservoirs, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe
Reports
The authors wish to express their gratitude and sincere appreciation to the many organizations and individual who assisted in this research effort. The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has sponsored the investigation of aerial application equipment and techniques. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation personnel concerned with the evaporation reduction research program have b en most cooperative in supporting the efforts at Utah State University. The Reeder Flying Service has worked with Utah State University in the developn1 pilot of aerial application equipment since the inception of the project in 1961. Mr. Charles Reeder ha been very cooperative throughout the research program. …
Water Yields In Utah Developing A State Water Plan, Jay M. Bagley, Roland W. Jeppson, Cleve H. Milligan
Water Yields In Utah Developing A State Water Plan, Jay M. Bagley, Roland W. Jeppson, Cleve H. Milligan
Reports
Need and Importance of Study
Utah's problems of water use and water supply are becoming increasingly important. They are also becoming increasingly complex as competition for our water resources becomes more keen among various types of uses. In the formulation of plans for sound and efficient use of water it is essential to know the characteristics of occurrence and use of water supplies so that requirements can be balanced most effectively and economically against supply. This ordinarily requires basic hydrologic data to determine relations among climate, water losses, and water yield from watersheds.
Such data are often unavailable - especially …
Calibration Of Irrigation Headgates By Model Analysis, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Vaughn E. Hansen
Calibration Of Irrigation Headgates By Model Analysis, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Vaughn E. Hansen
Reports
Introduction
The purpose of this research project was to calibrate the slide gates used by the D.M.A.D. Company (Delta, Melville, Abraham and Deseret Irrigation Companies). These gates, which number more than 600, are located throughout the distribution system. Each gate is placed in a concrete box 4 feet wide, 3-1/2 feet deep and 4 feet long. The structure is used as a means of diverting the water and is also used as a measuring device.
A similar structure, but with a different type of slide gate, was calibrated in 1914. At the time rating tables were prepared which listed the …
Opposed Disc Plough Furrows Hard Kimberley Soils, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Opposed Disc Plough Furrows Hard Kimberley Soils, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
THE work of reclaiming the eroded areas of the Ord River catchment has posed special problems for field staff of the Department of Agriculture engaged on this large scale project.
Thousands of miles of furrows must be contour-ploughed and seeded in extremely hard ground over big areas of eroded country.
Planning New Farm Dams : Excavated Earth Tanks, J E. Watson, J. C. Grasby
Planning New Farm Dams : Excavated Earth Tanks, J E. Watson, J. C. Grasby
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
A GOOD farm dam is a valuable asset, and well worth its cost, but there are many aspects to consider when a new dam is required. Careful planning with adequate testing and checking will help to get the best value for money and reduce the chance of costly failures.
This article discusses these aspects in relation to the excavated earth tank type of dam.
Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Chemicals, Development And Evaluation Of Equipment And Techniques, C. Earl Israelsen, Vaughn E. Hansen
Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Chemicals, Development And Evaluation Of Equipment And Techniques, C. Earl Israelsen, Vaughn E. Hansen
Reports
Aerial applications of both liquid and powder evaporation retardants have been made in parallel strips on large lakes for purposes of comparison. Films formed from powder spread more rapidly than did those from liquid, but usually both films ultimately spread to approximately equal widths and had the same degree of compression as determined with indicator oils. Evaporation retarding materials with large numbers of particles having diameters smaller than 75 microns are greatly affected by the wind. As the chemical is dispensed from the airplane. the fine particles drift with the wind and in some instances are carried onto the land …
Swing Fence Flood Crossing For Creeks In The Kimberleys, A L. Payne
Swing Fence Flood Crossing For Creeks In The Kimberleys, A L. Payne
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
FENCING is the basis of the regeneration programme on the eroded Ord River catchment area, and the fences constructed must cross numerous creeks.
But heavy downpours of short duration characterise the wet season experienced in this area.
Because the rain falls on to bare, compacted ground, run-off is intense and gullies and creeks rise rapidly, causing serious damage to conventional fences and flood gates across watercourses.
Land Preparation For Border Irrigation, B Swan
Land Preparation For Border Irrigation, B Swan
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
LARGE amounts of water may be lost through excess run-off and deep percolation.
Proper preparation of irrigation land can help to minimise these losses.
This preparation is done by grading or levelling so that the original ground surface is shaped to allow for a more uniform distribution of water.
Firebreaks Without Erosion : Hints To Prevent Firebreak Erosion, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Firebreaks Without Erosion : Hints To Prevent Firebreak Erosion, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
AGRICULTURAL fire risks are now greater than they have been in the past and are steadily increasing with the advance of agriculture in Western Australia.
During the past 20 years the area of cleared arable land and the area under crop have more than doubled.
The area of established pasture is four times as great as it was. Pastures and crops are much more productive —and more liable to carry destructive fires than they were.
Developing A State Water Plan Utah's Water Resources--Problems And Needs--A Challenge, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Developing A State Water Plan Utah's Water Resources--Problems And Needs--A Challenge, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Reports
Of all the natural resources with which Utah has been endowed none is more vital to the social and economic well-being of the people than it water resource. We cannot manufacture water. We have found no acceptable substitute. Not one more drop of water is available for our use today than was available to the pioneers. Yet water uses and water demands have multiplied over the years. Since we can do little to change nature's water allotment to Utah we must learn how to utilize our existing supplies more judiciously. This means devoting increasingly more attention to problems of water …
A Practical Guide To Building Contour Banks With A Road Grader, J E. Watson
A Practical Guide To Building Contour Banks With A Road Grader, J E. Watson
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
THOUSANDS of miles of contour banks have been built in Western Australia, and most of this earthmoving has been done by tractor and disc plough* or by road grader.
This article describes the technique recommended for bank construction with the road grader.
Farm Dams In The Wheatbelt, J E. Watson
Farm Dams In The Wheatbelt, J E. Watson
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
MANY new farm dams are sunk each year in the wheatbelt and much money is spent on them.
With continued development of new land, and increasing stock carrying capacity of older land under legume pastures, the need for more water supplies will continue for a long time.
Farm Water Storage : Circular Brick Reservoirs, R P. Harington
Farm Water Storage : Circular Brick Reservoirs, R P. Harington
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
A circular brick tank is a cheap and efficient water storage which can be easily built on any farm. The method described below by Kimberley Research Station manager R. P. Harington was used to build a swimming pool—storage on the station.
Flooding And Salt Problems In The Wheatbelt, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Flooding And Salt Problems In The Wheatbelt, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
VALUABLE land has become salty in parts of the West Australian agricultural areas because most of the surrounding land has been cleared and developed for agriculture.
This salting of a small proportion of the land is part of the price paid for the development of agriculture in this State.
Drainage is not the answer to the wheatbelt flooding and salt land problems.
A more practical approach is to limit runoff from sloping land, and to make good use of salt-affected land by growing salt tolerant perennial pastures on it, says the Soils Division of the Department of Agriculture.
Water Requirements For Waterfowl Areas Near The Great Salt Lake Parts V-Vi, J. E. Christainsen, Ming Chang Tsai, D. K. Kaushik, J. B. Law, J. W. Teeter
Water Requirements For Waterfowl Areas Near The Great Salt Lake Parts V-Vi, J. E. Christainsen, Ming Chang Tsai, D. K. Kaushik, J. B. Law, J. W. Teeter
Reports
This report reviews activities on this project since the Progress Report, Part IV, June 1961.
The summer of 1961 has been one of the driest on record for Ogden Bay and Howard Slough Refuge. The extreme shortage of irrigation water has resulted in very little flow in the Howard Slough which originates from return flow. The available water from the Weber River for the Ogden Bay Refuge was also the lowest on record. The scarcity of water at these two refuges has resulted in increased salinity.
Most of the routine work on the project during the summer was done by …
Water Conservation On The Farm, John W. Lewis
Water Conservation On The Farm, John W. Lewis
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
SMALL scale conservation of water for agricultural use is becoming increasingly important throughout Australia.
As land development intensifies, it is natural that farmers turn to more dams and earthen tanks for stock water and irrigation.
Adequate water is essential to supply the carrying capacities made possible by improved pastures, and where greater quantities of water can be stored, fodder crops, pastures, orchards and vegetables can be irrigated.
Potatoes Sprinkler Irrigated From The Collie River, John W. Lewis
Potatoes Sprinkler Irrigated From The Collie River, John W. Lewis
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
THE highly productive soils of the flats along the Collie River at Roelands are an important source of many of our summer grown potatoes in this State.
Large areas are planted year after year, the record being held by Mr. Clarry Cox of Roelands, who has planted potatoes on the same seven acres every season since 1922.
Flooding Of Salt Land, C V. Malcolm
Flooding Of Salt Land, C V. Malcolm
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
Many farmers have expressed concern and some have gone to considerable expense in trying to alleviate flooding problems on salt affected land.
Some consideration will be given here to flooding, its causes, effects on salt encroachment, methods of prevention and alleviation.
Automatic Waterers For Day Old Chickens, P Smetana, W. Ward
Automatic Waterers For Day Old Chickens, P Smetana, W. Ward
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
ONE of the most tedious and time consuming tasks on a poultry farm is the provision of water to chicks from day old up to the age of three or four weeks.
Most poultry farmers use half-gallon glass fonts with metal bases for the first few weeks, until the chicks are old enough to use the automatic watering system usually situated along one wall of the brooder house.
This cumbersome glass font system can be replaced by the cheap and easily installed automatic watering system described below. This system has already been adopted by several local poultry farmers.
A Rational Approach To The Estimation Of Evaporation And Evapotranspiration From Climatological Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen, B. B. Patil
A Rational Approach To The Estimation Of Evaporation And Evapotranspiration From Climatological Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen, B. B. Patil
Reports
Many attempts have been made to derive mathematical expressions relating evaporation and evapotranspiration, or consumptive use, to climatological data. IN the United States, the Blaney-Criddle formula is probably the best known for estimating consumptive use (2 and 3). Blaney (1) has also suggested that this formula is suitable for estimating evaporation as measured with a Weather Bureau pan. Other well known formulas are the Penman formulas (10), the Thornthwaite formula (15) and the Hargreaves formulas (8). Halkias, Beihmeyer and Hendrickson (6) suggest that water requirements of crops can be determined from atmometer data. Lowry and Johnson (() in an early …
Model Analysis Of Spillway And Stilling Basin Of Porcupine Dam, Gordon H. Flammer, C. Earl Israelsen
Model Analysis Of Spillway And Stilling Basin Of Porcupine Dam, Gordon H. Flammer, C. Earl Israelsen
Reports
Introduction: The Engineering Experiment Station at Utah State University was engaged by the Utah Water and Power Board to make a model analysis of the spillway and stilling basin of the Porcupine Dam. This dam will be located on the East Fork of Litle Bear River, just east of Avon, Utah. It will be approximately 650 feet long and 160 feet high, composed of zones earth fill with rock rip-rap facing. The spillway will have a reinforced concrete inlet section and the remainder of the chute and stilling basin will be excavated out of the rock and leck unlined. The …
Irrigation And Drainage Problems In Uruguay, Jerald Emmet Christiansen
Irrigation And Drainage Problems In Uruguay, Jerald Emmet Christiansen
Reports
Synopsis: Uruguay irrigates about 65,000 acres, mostly rice (74%) and sugar cane (15%). Summer rainfall averages about 3.5 in. per month, but frequent droughts seriously affect both crops and livestock. Irrigation can be increased by storage in small reservoirs on tributary streams by means of low earth dams. Some areas will require flood control and draiange before intensive agriculture can be practiced.
Overcoming Stock Watering Problems In The Kimberleys, B Swan
Overcoming Stock Watering Problems In The Kimberleys, B Swan
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
ONE of the ever-present problems of the pastoral areas is that of providing: watering-points in reasonably close proximity to the grazing areas.
All too frequently, the country on the river frontages and that in the vicinity of the water-holes becomes eaten out and although there may be ample feed on other portions of the run, it is too far distant from the available water to be effectively utilised.
Comprehensive Survey Of Sedimentation In Lake Mead, 1948-49, W. O. Smith, C. P. Vetter, G. B. Cummings, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation
Comprehensive Survey Of Sedimentation In Lake Mead, 1948-49, W. O. Smith, C. P. Vetter, G. B. Cummings, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation
Publications (WR)
Reservoirs are becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the American landscape. Built for flood mitigation and to change a fluctuating river into a dependable source of water for irrigation, power, and other purposes, they are predestined, like natural lakes, to be destroyed sometime following their creation. Sedimentation sooner or later robs most lakes and reservoirs of their capacity to store water. The significance of sedimentation in the life of Lake Mead, the largest artificial reservoir in the world, was realized when the plan for the reservoir was conceived, and an aerial survey of the floor was made in 1935 before …
Irrigation In Western Australia : Report On Government-Controlled Areas : 1958-59, H K. Gibsone
Irrigation In Western Australia : Report On Government-Controlled Areas : 1958-59, H K. Gibsone
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
IRRIGATION in the south-western portion of Western Australia is mainly confined to the coastal plain west of the Darling Range where the three main irrigation districts of Harvey, Collie and Waroona have been established by the State Government.
The Government-controlled irrigation areas extend southward from Waroona (70 miles from Perth) to Dardanup (120 miles from Perth) and have an average width of about five miles.
Water Resources Development -- An Analysis Of Economic Justification Practices Of The Corps Of Engineers, Kerwood W. Barrand
Water Resources Development -- An Analysis Of Economic Justification Practices Of The Corps Of Engineers, Kerwood W. Barrand
Masters Theses
"Presented herein is a brief analysis of the economic justification practices of the Corps of Engineers as commonly implemented in proposals concerning water resources projects. Where applicable, recommended methods are compared to similar methods advocated for, and accepted by, private engineering firms in similar situations.
The major problem exists in the lack of a profit motive in programs undertaken with the use of public funds. However, a profit can be said to have been realized in public works programs if the total benefits of the programs to all the people exceed the costs of these programs and, further, if the …
Report Of Engineering Research With Recommendations For Strengthening The Program, Vaughn E. Hansen
Report Of Engineering Research With Recommendations For Strengthening The Program, Vaughn E. Hansen
Reports
Progress of Engineering Research: The growth initiated with the reorganization of the Engineering Experiment Station in 1957-58 has been stready and consistant through 1958-59. Every sign points to continued expansion through the coming year. This growth is shown in Table 1. The number of active projects this year has increased to nineteen, the funds allocated for Engineering research were $53,861 plus $17,826 to contract research, exclusive of approximately $75,000 in the Agricultural Experiment Station. The number of staff members engaged in research is now twelve. Contract research money has been obtained to finance four projects which were financed previously with …
The Importance Of Hydraulics Of Surface Irrigation, Vaughn E. Hansen
The Importance Of Hydraulics Of Surface Irrigation, Vaughn E. Hansen
Reports
Summary: Surface irrigation is a complex hydraulic phenomenon. The hydraulic elements involved in surface irrigation are listed and discussed. Relating these hydraulic elements is the key to efficient irrigation, good design, and permanent agriculture.