Engineering Commons^™

Bulletin 3933 - Trickle Irrigation For Home Gardens, K Cole

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The use of trickle irrigation in the home garden can save money, time and water.

Trickle irrigation is a concept first used in glasshouses in England, then applied to field crops in Israel and developed and refined in Australia and America. Today it is widely used in orchards, vineyards, vegetable gardens and now has gained wide acceptance in the growing of ornamental plants.

Any good trickle system uses small quantities of water over an extended period of time. In the home garden, flows of 2.25 litres to 4.5 litres per hour are usual though for small shrubs lesser amounts may …

Highway Pavement Maintenance Costs And Pavement Type Selection, Donald C. Newberry Jr., Jesse G. Mayes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classified by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual …

Ole Miss Engineer 1975

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

Tentative Load And Resistance Factor Design Criteria For Steel Beam-Columns, M. K. Ravindra, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Nominal design equations and reai•tance factors are developed for steel beam-columns as part of Load and Resistance Factor Design criteria for steel buildings. The resistance factors are derived from principles of first-order probability theory using calibration to present designs.

Bridge Decks Constructed For Increased Durability, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The experimental features incorporated in this study were compaction, brooming, and hi-layered construction. Broomed surfaces initially exhibited a higher skidding resistance than non-broomed surfaces: broomed surfaces, however, wear more rapidly. No conclusive evaluation could be made at this time of the bilayered system and of tests made on the concrete cores. Electrical measurements made on the decks indicated there was no active corrosion of the steel.

Effects Of The Energy Crisis On Traffic In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent, Donald R. Herd, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Arab oil embargo in mid-October 1973 curtailed availability of gasoline. Fuel conservation measures resulted in reduced travel and decreased traffic speeds. On March 1, 1974, posted speed was set at 55 mph on rural highways in Kentucky. Traffic volumes, speeds, and accidents for the rural highway during the period known as the "energy crisis" and its after effects were compared to the corresponding period a year earlier.

Traffic volumes began to decline in December 1973 but began to rise again in March 1974. Total travel in the seven months through June 1974 decreased by 3.5 percent; traffic increased by …

Experimental Portland Cement Concrete Shoulders Design And Construction, James H. Havens, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky's first portland cement concrete shoulder project was conceived in 1970 and was inspired by the Portland Cement Association's issue Concrete Shoulders for Safe Modern Highways, Concrete Report, 1970, and FHWA's Informational Memorandum CMPB-17-70, Experimental Project for the Evaluation of Portland Cement Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to Concrete Mainline Pavement; Project Prospectus, National Experimental and Evaluation Program; May 12, 1970. It was expected that at least two states in each region would participate in the national program. A 3.442-mile section of US 31 W, between Radcliff and Tiptop, beginning at the intersection of US 60 and extending southward, …

Skid Resistance Studies In Kentucky (An Overview – 1974), James H. Havens, James L. Burchett, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

"To free Kentucky of slick roads" is the high goal toward which Kentucky has been striving since 1950's. A very capable fellow engineer used to say that there was more satisfaction in being able to take down a Slippery When Wet sign than in erecting one.

Considerable effort has been devoted to the development and adaptation of improved methods of skid resistance testing and to the standardization of testing devices (1, 2, 3, 4). Methods of tests have included the NCSA friction wheel (bicycle wheel), automobile deceleration, skewed-wheel (skewed front-wheels of an automobile), skidding automobile, and the skid-test …

Transient Response Of Visoplastic And Viscoelastic Shells Submersed In Fluid Media, Thomas A. Duffey Jr.

Civil Engineering ETDs

The transient fluid-shell interaction problem is investigated for thin shells constructed of other than linearly elastic materials. Specifically, solutions are developed in terms of elementary functions for the transient responses of impulsively loaded, fluid-surrounded spherical shells constructed of either viscoplastic or viscoelastic materials. In all cases the fluid medium surrounding the shell is taken as inviscid and compressible and only spherically symmetric shell motions and radiation of sound into the surrounding medium are considered. For the viscoplastic (strain rate sensitive) shells considered, two separate elastic-plastic solutions are presented. The first is based upon a shell material exhibiting linear strain hardening …

A Rock Classification Schema, Robert C. Deen, C. D. Tockstein, M. W. Palmer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for engineering data on earth materials for use in site selection, design, construction, and maintenance of major engineering structures is generally accepted. Probably the most pressing need is for such data to use in preliminary considerations of site selection and design alternatives. Maps and(or) surveys giving the areal distribution of earth materials and their characteristics, together with topographic maps available for many areas, would permit much preliminary work on engineering structures to be done without the engineer ever having to leave his office.

Heating The 9th Street Interchange, Louisville, Ky, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The 9th Street interchange, I 64-2(87)3, was first conceived about 1959. Preliminary design studies began in the early 1960's. Design began about 1964. The idea of heating the ramps was first considered in the early 1960's but was not pursued intently until the final design stage (about 1968). As the design progressed, it became more and more evident that snowing and icing conditions could prevent otherwise normal passage of traffic up and down the ramps. At one point on the structure, a combination of superelevation and grade would produce a 6 1/2 percent slope. The highest ramp or "fly over" …

High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Field observations and laboratory tests and evaluations were conducted on High-Intensity and Engineering Grade materials (Scotchlite), manufactured by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and were compared in regard to reflectivity, durability, and cost.

The High-Intensity Grade materials were found to have outstanding performance characteristics in comparison to Engineering Grade materials. The material significantly enhances sign legibility under low-beam illumination, and accelerated weathering tests showed superior durability.

Optimal Highway Safety Improvement Investments By Dynamic Programming [Aug. 1974], Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Jesse G. Mayes, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The process of determining which projects to implement under a given budget, and which to defer until later, is central to the planning and management of highway systems. With a limited budget for construction, maintenance, and safety improvements, investments which will produce the optimal benefits must be chosen. This is often impossible to accomplish without the aid of a computer because of the complexity of the problem. Dynamic programming has been tested and verified as an efficient method for selecting priority projects to derive maximum benefits.

There are several approaches to priority programming as it is related to the capital …

A Summary Of The Engineering Properties Of Subsurface Soils In The Albuquerque Area., Edmond Pierce Ryan

Civil Engineering ETDs

This investigation brings together in one volume information concerning subsurface conditions below, and foundation design data for, various structures in the Rio Grande Inner Valley and on the East Mesa. This information was collected from the engineering and architectural firms responsible for the design of the structures. Results of the analysis of the subsurface information are presented in the form of penetration graphs and plasticity charts. In addition, soil profiles and penetration profiles are pre­sented for the Inner Valley structures.

A summary of foundation design data for each struc­ture includes type of foundation, depth of the base of the foundation …

The Physical Properties Of Fiberglass And Polyurethane Foam Panels In Home Construction, Karlos G. Mcclure

Graduate Research Papers

The purposes of this study are: (1). to make a general survey of the information available and (2) specifically, make a comparison of some of the physical properties of polyurethane foam and fiberglass panels and traditional methods of construction.

Design Of I-Shaped Beams And Columns With Diaphragm Bracing, S. J. Errera, T. V. S. R. Apparao

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Cold-formed steel panels often are used as wall sheathing, roof decking or floor decking in steel framed buildings or pre-engineered metal buildings. Diaphragms formed by interconnecting these panels have considerable in-plane shear resistance, and can be utilized as bracing against buckling for individual members of a steel frame. For wall columns the diaphragm may be either directly attached or connected to girts which in turn are connected to the columns. A procedure is presented for the design of I-section beams and columns with diaphragm or diaphragm-girt bracing. The procedure is based on the ultimate load capacity of fully braced members, …

Water Salvage Potentials In Utah, Volume I. Open Water Evaporation And Monolayer Suppression Potential, Trevor C. Hughes, E. Arlo Richardson, James A. Franckiewicz

Reports

An estimate of the potential in Utah for evaporation suppression by the monolayer film method is presented. The model estimates evaporation suppression as a function of wind speed, a four parameter exposure factor, and reservoir size. The estimated suppression factors vary from 0 to 30 percent and average 11 percent of the statewide total annual evaporation. Estimates of May to October evaporation and suppression potential are calculated for each of the 227 impoundments in the surface water inventory. A forthcoming report in this series will examine the potential for evaporation suppression by thermal destratification. This procedure, which is already being …

"Before" Evaluation Of Economic Growth Center Developmental Highway (Ky 55, Campbellsville-Lebanon), Joseph T. Farmer, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Before-and-after impact studies were selected as the means of determining the effect of reconstructing a 4.813-mile (7.744-kilometer) section of KY 55 between Campbellsville and Lebanon. The area, though still depressed in terms of per capita income and employment, has many resources available for growth. The study area is predominantly an agriculturally-oriented economy. However, manufacturing employment has increased in recent years, mainly because of industrial sites made available by local industrial commissions.

Overall, social services appear to be adequate and very near statewide averages. Recreational facilities are not highly developed and are primarily of the summer outdoor type.

Reconstruction of KY …

Temperature Distributions In Asphaltic Concrete Pavements, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The straight-line relationship between temperatures at a given depth and the surface temperatures combined with 5-day average air temperatures appears to be as valid for upper New York State and Arizona as it was for Maryland. The main differences were in the ranges and mean temperatures. Values given herein are for straight-line equations for all 24 hours and for the depths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 inches (5.1, 10.2, 15.2, 20.3, 25.4, and 30.5 cm). The original concept appears to be valid and may be used with confidence for estimating pavement temperatures at other latitudes and longitudes.

Industrialized-Subsidized Housing In The Hackensack Meadowlands, Andrew Carl Gildersleeve

Theses

New Jersey as well as the rest of the nation is beginning to feel the pinch of what has been termed the housing crisis. The products of the World War II baby-boom are now reaching the age where they require homes of their own, making the demand for good quality low-cost housing very high. At the same time, the demand for good public housing continues to grow and we are learning that our previous efforts in this field have been far from satisfactory.

In the course of this study I have looked into the possibilities of solving a portion of …

Resonant Footing Test Apparatus, Bobby O. Hardin, Woodrow W. Thurman

Civil Engineering Faculty Patents

An apparatus for conducting resonant footing tests upon undisturbed soils includes an oscillatable mechanical structure with attachable electrical means for causing both oscillation of the structure and measurement of the behavior of the soil under test. The apparatus is transportable to the site at which the test is conducted on soil in-situ, and is adapted to be employed under selective loadings applied downwardly upon the oscillatable structure.

Identification Of Hazardous Locations On Rural Highways In Kentucky, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective method of identifying hazardous locations for on-site investigations. To decrease the possible effect of random or spurious accidents on the identification of hazardous locations, a 0.3-mile (0.48-km) segment was chosen along with 1- and 2-year periods for accumulating and comparing accident data. An optimal method for identifying hazardous locations and sections was determined to be one which (1) maximizes benefits from improvements, (2) identifies locations with critically high accident rates, and (3) identifies potential hazards. A sample of 170 locations was used to compare several location-identification methods. The procedure …

Acoustic Emission Testing Of Shielded Metal-Arc Welds Using Astm A 36 Steel, Theodore Hopwood Ii

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Manual, shielded metal-arc welds on ASTM A 36 structural steel were monitored with acoustic emission equipment. The listening device detected operator inconsistencies and improper electrode deposition during the welding operation. On completion of the weld, acoustic emission monitoring detected slag inclusions, cracking, and martensite formation.

Shear Strength Of Cohesive Soils And Friction Sleeve Resistance, Vincent P. Drnevich, C. Thomas Gorman, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Cone penetrations tests were performed on the silty clays of Kentucky, U.S.A., using a boring rig to push the Dutch, friction sleeve, cone penetrometer. Thin-walled tube samples were taken from nearby boreholes. For the first four sites, unconfined compression tests and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test were performed on the samples. For the last four sites, consolidated-undrained triaxial tests were performed on the samples. A procedure for estimating in situ shear strength from triaxial test stress paths was developed.

Small rock fragments in these residual soils caused erratic cone resistance at many locations. As a result, the friction sleeve resistance provided the …

Short Range Development Plan 1974-1979, Jacksonville Area Planning Board

Arthur N. Sollee, Sr. Textual Materials

A five year Short Range Development Plan was prepared simultaneously with and as the basis for Jacksonville's Capital Outlay Program (COP). Background studies for the Plan included land use and structural surveys, population and dwelling unit projections, zoning change and site plan approval trends, land use assignment criteria, and environmental and capital improvement needs criteria. A land use plan adequate to serve projected growth was prepared. The Transportation Plan reflects the latest transportation studies for the City including proposals for a fixed guide way, express bus and local bus systems. All additional community facility and utility needs for projected 1980 …

Optimal Planning Of Fixed Route Bus Transit Systems : A Systems Approach, Young Lee

Dissertations

A new bus transit planning tool is developed for application in determining operating policies of a fixed-route bus transit system. The objective of the study is to model a bus transit system which functions under time-varying passenger demands and service characteristics.

The two phase transit model developed in this research is intended for use as a mass transit planning tool, to solve transit problems confronting the mass transit planner. The model is used to compute cost differentials in transit system options. These alternatives of expanding, abandoning or modifying service depend upon the service frequency, fleet size and other system attributes …

Before-And-After Analysis Of Safety Improvements On I 75 In Northern Kentucky, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In September 1971, the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight met in Covington, Kentucky, to discuss the accident experience and remedial procedures taken to alleviate the frequency of accidents occurring on approximately five miles of I 75 just south of Cincinnati. This section of highway had been and was continuing to be the subject of several safety improvements. The objective of this study was to conduct before-and-after investigations of the effectiveness of the following safety improvement projects: (1) five variable message signs within a two-mile section, (2) a New Jersey-type median barrier wall extending approximately four miles, …

"Before" Evaluation Of Economic Growth Center Developmental Highway (Us 25e: Corbin-Barbourville), Joseph T. Farmer, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Before-and-after impact studies were selected as the means of determining the effect of reconstructing a 4.886 mile (7.862 kilometer) section of US 25E between Corbin and Barbourville. A comprehensive analysis of the "before" statistics revealed the area designated as a potential growth center suffered from social and economic mediocrity. Many characteristics considered essential for economic prosperity are lacking. Per capita income and educational achievement levels are lower than statewide averages. Transportation is dependent upon highways and many existing routes provide a very low level of service.

On the other hand, the area has adequate industrial and recreational potential to insure …

A Rock Evaluation Schema For Transporting Planning In Kentucky, C. D. Tockstein, M. W. Palmer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The initial goal was to devise an engineering classification system for intact rock samples based on simple index tests which could be used to categorize Kentucky surface and near-surface rock types and assist Kentucky Department of Transportation personnel in planning for transportation facilities. While conducting the literature survey, several facts become apparent:

1. a large number of rock classification systems, geologic and technical, general and specific, already existed;
2. an equally large number of index tests had been devised; and
3. there was a lack of communication among those involved in specialized areas of rock-related work (geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, etc.), and, …

Operational Characteristics Of Lane Drops, Don L. Cornette, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Traffic behavior studies were conducted at seven lane-drop locations, representing three lane-drop classes. These studies consisted of conflict observations (that is, erratic movements and brakelight applications), spot-speed observations, and lane volume counts. Such a study was made before and after each different traffic control device installation in an attempt to determine which device was the most effective in minimizing conflicts at existing lane drops. A study of conflict deviations indicates that no single type of traffic control device studied was significantly effective in reducing erratic movement and brakelight rates at all seven lane-drop locations. Rather, it appears that different traffic …