Engineering Commons^™

Irish H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Excessive Beam Deflections On The Ky-52 Bridge Over Dix River (Boyle-Garrard County Line), Theodore Hopwood Ii, Vishwas G. Oka, David Q. Hunsucker, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Upon rehabilitation, beams and deck of the Ky 52 bridge over Dix River were observed to have excessive deflections. An investigation of the problem included field inspections, structural analyses, and interviews with relevant KYDOH and other personnel.

Field measurements were made of the beam deflections. Those were compared to construction field measurements and dead-load calculations.

The beam deflection problem is attributed to 1) a failure to provide for sufficient camber in the beams to accommodate for construction dead loads, and 2) pre-existing sags in the beams when placed prior to casting the deck. Part of the deck deflection problem can …

Allocation Of Highway Costs And Revenues, Jerry G. Pigman, John A. Deacon

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A continuing task related to highway financing is determination of the appropriate level of taxation for each class of highway user. Cost allocation in various forms has traditionally been the tool used to achieve an equitable assignment of user responsibility. Following is a summary of results from such a cost-allocation study undertaken by the University of Kentucky's Transportation Research Program. The objective of this study is to determine highway cost responsibility of various user classes and to assess revenues relative to costs under existing levels of taxation and under various alternatives considered in the 1988 legislative session.

Evaluation Of Procedures For Testing Aggregates, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes findings of a research study conducted to evaluate aggregate testing procedures as related to aggregate soundness and durability. The objectives of the study were to determine a suitable replacement or modification of Kentucky's existing Sodium Sulfate Soundness Test for aggregates which would more accurately reflect in-service performance of concrete pavements and bridges, to correlate freezing and thawing durability data and other test data with sodium sulfate soundness data, and to develop a rational implementation criterion for use of new or modified testing procedures.

There were no observable correlations between the various test methods evaluated and the Sodium …

Irish H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Load And Resistance Factor Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Load And Resistance Factor Design Specification For Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members With Commentary, Ling-En Hsiao, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

FOREWORD This progress report contains the following two parts: Part I: Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (pp. i-101). Part II: Commentary on the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (pp. 103-148). The load and resistance factor design specification proposed herein is the revised version of the design recommendations prepared in September 1985 and submitted to American Iron and Steel Institute as Seventh Progress Report. This document was prepared according to the 1986 edition of the AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The selections of ϕ …

Load And Resistance Factor Design Of Cold-Formed Steel: Calibration Of The Aisi Design Provisions, Wei-Wen Yu, Ling-En Hsiao, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

In the design of steel buildings, the "Allowable Stress Criteria" have long been used for the design of cold-formed steel structural members in the United States and other countries.' In view of the fact that the mathematical theory of probability, which has been so successfully applied in other fields of engineering, would seem to be equally applicable to cold-formed steel design by providing a more uniform degree of structural safety, the "Limit State Design" method based on the probabilistic concept has been used in Canada and Europe for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.' In the United States, a …

Load And Resistance Factor Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Comparative Study Of Design Methods For Cold-Formed Steel, Ling-En Hsiao, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Allowable Stress Design is the current method used to design cold-formed steel structural members and connections. In this design approach, factors of safety are used to compute the allowable design stresses which are compared to the actual maximum stresses that will occur in the member during the life of the structure. In recent years, the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method has been developed for the design of hot-rolled steel shapes and the design of cold-formed steel structural members. This method is based on probabilistic and statistical techniques to account for the many uncertainties involved with the actual design. …

Evaluation Of Stability And Rutting Potential Of Asphaltic Concrete Using Big-Stone Gradations, David L. Allen, Hossien Roghani

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Considerable interest has been generated in recent years in using big stone gradations to reduce rutting and shoving in asphaltic concrete. This report documents mix design procedures and a laboratory testing program to determine the stability and rutting potential of a big-stone gradation. A series of creep tests was performed on a big-stone gradation and the results were compared to creep tests performed on a Class I base mixture. The big-stone mix average approximately 50 percent rutting potential as compared to the Class I base. One creep specimen of the big-stone mixture was compacted using polymer-modified AC-20 grade asphalt cement. …

Evaluation Of Ads Polyethylene Pipe, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Construction and performance evaluations of ADS Polyethylene Pipe N-12 are presented. Construction procedures and visual inspection data are included. The pipe appears to be performing well.

Long-Term Evaluation Of The Acoustic Emission Weld Monitor, Theodore Hopwood Ii

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Research Program conducted an extended 10- month evaluation of the Acoustic Emission Weld Monitor (AEWM) in a bridge fabrication shop. That device was used to detect welding flaws during typical production of butt-welds on flanges and webs used in steel bridges. A total of 153 welds were monitored.

AEWM test results were compared with visual inspection and double- blind results of conventional nondestructive testing routinely conducted on the welds. The AEWM did not miss any flaws detected visually or by nondestructive testing. Three AEWM flaw indications were confirmed by conventional nondestructive testing (radiography).

A large number of …

Review Of Work Zone Literature, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A literature search was conducted with the objective of identifying sources of information related to safety in highway work zones. Included is an annotated bibliography of 165 references. From the references, a list of recommendations were made to improve safety in highway work zones. The recommendations were organized into the six categories listed below.

1. Flagging
2. Delineation
3. Traffic Control Devices
4. Accidents
5. Design
6. Policy

Environmental Assessment Of Las Vegas Wash And Lake Mead Artificial Wetlands Demonstration Project, John R. Baker, R. M. Gersberg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

The effective use of artificial wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater is well documented; however, design and economic data for artificial wetlands development are limited (Gersberg et al., 1984a). This is due partly to regional differences in climate, soils, and vegetation and partly to the desired waste treatment. As a result, specific treatment levels and cost benefits relative to the use of an artificial wetlands for a particular site cannot be evaluated adequately without a pilot demonstration project. Las Vegas Wash receives sewage effluent from the Las Vegas metropolitan area and has been designated as a wetlands community park. Las …

Reliability Of Existing Bridge Inspection And Evaluation Procedures, Leroy R. Klouser

Theses

In general, bridge inspection is subjective since visual observation and the basic inspection tools cannot reveal hidden structural deterioration, such as corrosive and delaminated rebars embedded in the concrete. Based on the NJDOT SI&A report, a scale (9 to 0) is used in rating five bridge components. This approach seems reasonable, since the time span, manpower and cost are limited throughout the counties of New Jersey. On the other hand, based on the scaling system, the SI&A reports can vary depending upon the exposed surface appearance and the experience of the bridge inspector.

Water, de-icing agents, freezing and thawing cycles …

Thermal Desorption Of Hazardous And Toxic Organic Compounds From Soil Matrices : Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Benzene, Toluene, 1-Chloronaphthalene, 1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene, Arun S. Chemburkar

Theses

This research project was undertaken to understand the process of desorption/removal of organic compounds from soil matrices under the influence of temperature and gas purging. The project was divided in two parts :

A. Plug deposition experiments: Columns packed with soil matrices were purged with an inert gas under isothermal conditions. Organic compounds were then introduced as a plug on the front of the column by on-line injection. The rate of passage (due to sequential adsorption/desorption) of the plug through the various soil matrices was measured by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The compounds studied …

Adsorption Of Nickel And Lead With Activated Sludge, Chi-Yun Chen

Theses

Wastewater produced in domestic, commercial, and industrial activities often contains significant amounts of metals. This would result in the discharge of heavy metals into the sewer system. Some of the heavy metals can be adsorbed by activated sludge. This may present a problem for the treatment and ultimate disposal of sludge.

The purpose of the research was to determine how much metals can be adsorbed by sludge. Nickel and Lead were selected for this investigation because of their environmental significance. Both belong to priority pollutants considered potentially toxic. Factors affecting the adsorption, such as sludge concentration, metal concentration, mixing condition, …

Optimal Design Aspects Of A Unit Treating Hazardous Wastes Via Biodegradation : A Theoretical Approach, Farnaz Saghafi

Theses

The treatment of wastes via biodegradation is a widely utilized technique in most industries today. The kinetics of biodegradation, in most cases, follow either the Monod (non-inhibitory) or Andrews (also known as Haldane, inhibitory) model as indicated by published experimental data. The present study investigates aspects of the optimal design of a unit treating wastes when the biodegradation kinetics are those mentioned above. The criterion of optimality is the minimum volume achieving a desired conversion under given load conditions.

Two alternatives from the point of view of the number of vessels (one and two), and three alternatives from the operational …

Use Of Latex Modified Concrete For Repairs And Overlays, Chen-Hoang Lo

Theses

Latex modified concrete and polymer concrete have been widely used for bridge deck overlays and crack repairs for the past decade. In recent years, many of these repaired structures were found to be defective. The causes of these failures are not clearly confirmed. Some blame the quality of the latex products while manufacturers accuse the contractors of improper placement and/or surface preparation. While most of these failures largely appeared to be debonding and delamination of the overlays, excessive cracks, possibly shrinkage cracks, were also reported in the overlaid LMC.

To evaluate the suitability of using latex modified concrete for crack …

Column Base Plate Under Eccentric Loading, Ja-Pung Sheu

Theses

The understanding of the strength and deformational behavior of column base plates is of paramount importance in the analysis and design of pipe and pressure vessel supports. Both elastic and plastic stress analyses, using ANSYS computer program to simulate the strength and deformation of column base plates anchored over a concrete block with an eccentric load, are presented in this study. The work presented here includes the effects of bolt pretension and prying actions of stressed flexible plates.

The analytical results were benchmarked with the published test data by D.P. Thambiratnam and P. Paramasivam for the maximum longitudinal strain along …

Design Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members Proposed Allowable Stress Design Specification With Commentary, Shin-Hua Lin, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION This progress report on the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members contains the following two parts: Part I: Proposed Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members (Third Draft). Part II: Commentary on the Proposed Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members (Second Draft). This project was sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The financial assistance provided by the Chromium Center, the Nickel Development Institute, and the Specialty Steel Industry of the United States is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended to members of the ASCE Steering Committee (Dr. Ivan M. …

Simpson-Vance House, Susie Van Kirk

Susie Van Kirk Papers

One of Eureka' s finest examples of Queen Anne architecture, the Simpson-Vance House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Also historically-significant, the house was associated with an important Eureka builder, James Simpson, and with the prominent John M. Vance family. Despite exterior alterations and adaptive use, the house remains architecturally intact with good potential for full restoration of its original, opulent splendor.

Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The purpose of this supplement is to amend the design memorandum referenced above to include the recreational development at Riverside Park in Yankton, South Dakota.

Investigative Study Of The Reliability Of A Rotating Turbine Blade, William Stuart Beal

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

-Turbine blading incidents are a concern to electrical utilities since they can result in power plant unavailability. The reliability of a particular turbine blade is investigated in this report to determine if it can be replaced with a more reliable blade design. The majority of incidents concerning this blade have been attributed to stall flutter vibration that has been the result of unit operation at low load levels with high back-pressures in the steam condenser. Stall flutter can be avoided by limiting back-pressure levels during low load operation and is thus not a concern here. Another potential cause of unreliability …

Finite Element Analysis Of A Glass Fiber Inclusion, Jeffery R. Southland

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This analysis investigates the micromechanical behavior of a fiber-reinforced composite. Two realistic deviations from the typical set of simplifying assumptions are considered: nonhomogeneous matrix properties and imperfect fiber/matrix bonds. The stress effects due to a soft matrix interlayer at the fiber interface and the loss of a portion of the fiber/matrix interface bond are examined. The analysis is performed with the ANSYS finite element program. The effects of higher order shape functions and different mesh densities are studied. The final results are compared to a previous analysis performed at Florida Technological University (now University of Central Florida) which utilized a …

Axisymmetric Wave Propagation In A Finite Linear Elastic Cylinder, Brian D. Johnson

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This work addresses the linear elastic analysis of axisymmetric wave propagation in a finite elastic cylinder. The waves are generated by the Fast Triaxial Device (FTRXD), which fails soil specimens at very rapid rates. The very short duration of the triaxial tests requires the consideration of wave phenomena in the analysis of the test results.

The soil specimens are modeled as linear elastic cylinders which are compressed in the axial direction. The resulting axisymmetric waves are analyzed with the wave equations which are cast in finite difference form, allowing the solution of displacements and stresses throughout the cylinder as a …

Continuous Time Convolution Model For Generation Synthetic Hydrographs, Cheryl Brooks

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic hydrographs are often used in stormwater management to provide estimates of peak rate, volume and time distribution of stormwater runoff. A hydrograph model based on the mathematical technique of convolution was developed using an exponential routing response function and the basic watershed continuity equation. After incorporating the model into a computer program, it was calibrated using hydrographs from four urban and three rural watersheds. The watersheds are located in regions of west and south Florida and range in size from 14.7 to 3500 acres. Two other hydrograph models, the Soil Conservation Service's Unit Hydrograph (SCS-UH) mode 1 and the …

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Of Transportation Facilities, David L. Allen, Vincent P. Drnevich, Mostafa Sayyedsadr, L. John Fleckenstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Concern has grown in recent years, over the seismic activity of the New Madrid seismic zone located in the central United States. Western Kentucky is located in this region. To permit emergency medical, supply, and equipment traffic into this area after an earthquake has occurred, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is interested in the possibility of keeping selected routes passable. This report lists the routes that have been investigated and recommended as being routes that should be maintained in passable conditions. These recommended routes have been visually surveyed and all seismically significant features cataloged. These features are listed in the Appendix. …

Shear Strength Of Compacted Shales, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Some basic physical and engineering properties of a broad range of different types of shales located in Kentucky are examined. Physical testing included liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity, particle-size analysis, natural water content, and jar-slake determinations. These tests were performed on some forty different types of shales selected from various geological formations of different periods. Geological periods included Recent, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Pennsylvanian Mississippian, Silurian, Ordovician, and Devonian. Engineering tests included slake-durability, bearing ratio, consolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests with pore-pressue measurements, moisture-density relationships, well deflection and pressure, mineralogy, and Shore sclorescope. Ten different slake-durability testing procedures, including the original procedure …

Optimization Of Storm Sewer Construction Costs Using A Microcomputer Program, Dawn E. Fetter

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

When designing a storm sewer system there is a material and labor cost trade-off between changing pipe diameter for a specific flowrate while keeping physical pipe slope constant, and changing physical pipe slope for the same flowrate while keeping the pipe diameter constant.

To calculate costs associated with every possible combination of pipe diameters and excavation depth to find the optimum design for a storm sewer network without the use of a computer would be a very cumbersome task indeed. In fact, a minimum cost solution may never be found.

This paper presents a microcomputer program which assists the engineer …

Material Characterization Of Hot-Mix Recycled Bituminous Pavements : Executive Summary, Leonard E. Wood, Ahmed Samy Noureldin

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.