Engineering Commons^™

Effects Of Plan Asymmetry In Inelastic Seismic Response Of One-Story Systems, Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of one-story systems are identified by comparing the dynamic response of an asymmetric-plan system and the corresponding symmetric-plan system for a wide range of system parameters—uncoupled lateral vibration period, uncoupled torsional-to-lateral frequency ratio, stiffness eccentricity, and yield factor. Elastic as well as inelastic systems are studied. For the latter, two values of the strength eccentricity are considered: equal to the stiffness eccentricity and zero; the latter is representative of code-designed buildings. Based on the response results for a wide range of system parameters, this paper identifies how the structural response is …

Cost Effective Maintenance Contracting -- A Literature Review, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Faced with ever increasing maintenance needs and constrained resources for meeting those needs, government agencies are searching for the most cost effective means of conducting highway maintenance. One alternative being used is contracting highway maintenance to private agencies. This report includes the findings of a literature search of articles pertaining to contract maintenance.

Review of the articles acquired in the literature search indicates that contract maintenance is increasing in usage and is a cost effective alternative.

Evaluation Of Highway Geometrics Related To Large Trucks, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

One objective of this study was to determine the extent of highway safety and geometric problems associated with larger trucks using Kentucky's highways. The accident analysis involved both a general analysis of all truck accidents statewide as well as the identification of specific high-accident locations. A second objective was to identify criteria which can be used in identifying roadway sections that cannot safely accommodate large trucks.

The accident analysis given can be used to investigate locations which have a high number of truck accidents. The general accident statistics related to trucks can be used in the investigation of the high-accident …

Effects Of Alternative Sprinkler Irrigation Parameters On Pesticide Movement, Ahmad Yar Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, Antonio Maria Requena, Howard M. Deer, Majid Ehteshami

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The relative reduction in potential ground-water contamination due to pesticides at several sites in Utah was determined by comparing alternative irrigation system designs, water management practices and pesticides. Alternative sprinkler irrigation distribution coefficients were used to estimate infiltration depths. The movement of pesticides through soils following sprinkler irrigations was simulated with one-dimensional model. Pesticide contamination of ground water can be reduced by careful selection of pesticides, properly designed irrigation systems and improved water management techniques. Procedures for selecting an appropriate sprinkler design and pesticide are presented.

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Ole Miss Engineer 1991

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

The Edge Strength Of Annealed And Heat-Strengthened Glass, Gregory P. Sallee

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Sadly, up until now, very little research has been conducted in the field of glass window strength. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to explore the topic of glass window strength such that we might offer some conclusive evidence as to the probable in-situ performance of structural windows. Our intention is to examine the specific phenomenon of thermally- induced stress and its effect on glass strength. J. G. Croll explains the existence of this well-documented problem. "Whenever a structure is subjected to a varying temperature distribution, or where it is prevented from free expansion, stresses will be induced that …

Evaluation Of Film Coated Window Glass Subjected To The Effects Of Windstorms, Ronald B. Shankland Jr.

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The harm incurred by structures, equipment, and people due to window unit failure during a windstorm is drastically reduced if the glass remains in the frame until the storm has subsided.

There are basically two types of window glass used in curtain wall cladding systems: heat treated and annealed. Heat treated glass is tempered during its manufacture so that it retains residual surface stresses in the range of 3500 psi to 10,000 psi, or more. Annealed glass is cooled very slowly under controlled conditions in order to remove undesired internal stresses (Reznik, 1987). Also known as float glass, annealed glass …

Development Of Turning Templates For Various Design Vehicles, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to develop the data necessary to produce the turning templates that would represent the minimum turning paths for critical design vehicles. This would include information concerning truck turning radii and offtracking for larger trucks with varying wheelbases operating in Kentucky. In order for the turning templates used for the various design vehicles to be based on the same procedure, data were produced tor design vehicles ranging from a passenger car to a combination truck with a 53 foot trailer. The simulation model used was the Truck Offtracking Model (TOM) and was developed by the …

Indiana Model Zoning Ordinance, T. William Patterson

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This HERPICC model is intended as a basis for helping Indiana counties, cities, and towns to write or revise local regulatory ordinances. Having such a model is especially urgent because field trips taken throughout the state have revealed that many jurisdictions are vulnerable to lawsuits because their ordinances are out of date and do not conform to the current provisions of the Indiana Code. This situation is made more serious by the lack of adequate professional planning staff or consultants available to local governments. Many may have received inaccurate advice from their attorneys. Too often, attorneys are not familiar enough …

Computation Of Dynamic Large Displacements In Earth Systems, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Jerry I. Lin, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake.

A Variational Formulation For Classical Models Of The Slope Stability With Earthquake Effect, Petr Koudelka, Petr Procházka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper deals with an extension of application of the Method of Apriori Integration to a model of a general slope, which is partly homogeneous and which is loaded also by the earthquake effect. The most dangerous direction of the power effect of the vibration is shown and for this direction the change of safety factor is discussed. The effect of reduced shear strength is included.

Consideration Of Earthquake Damage To Earth Dam For Irrigation In Japan, Shigeru Tani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There are many small earth dams for irrigation called "TAMEIKE" in Japan, Most of them were constructed before modern soil engineering were established on the basis of empirical techniques. Earthquakes in the past gave much damage to these earth dams. This paper surveys damage of earthquake for those remaining on records again, and as for Nipponkai-Chubu Earthquake, detailed investigations such as in-situ test, laboratory test, analysis were made to clarify causes of the damage to earth dams. From the result of survey, the following matters were found; i.e., large damages occur at a high rate on earth dams whose foundation …

Displacements Of Slopes Under Earthquake Loading, L. J. L. Lemos, P. A. L. F. Coelho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The displacements and rates of displacement of slopes post-rupture are influenced by the dynamic response of soils. Pre-existing shear surfaces at or close to residual strength are frequently present in slopes of clay and weak mudstone, due to previous slope movement or tectonic disturbance. Knowledge of the strength of such surfaces under rapid loading is necessary of stability during and after an earthquake is to be examined. To obtain such data, high speed displacement controlled ring shear tests have been performed, on samples after being pre-sheared to residual conditions. With the results from those tests, suitable constitutive laws were derived …

Dynamic Response Of Earth Dam-Foundation System, Lin Gao, Guan Fei

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A numerical procedure is proposed to analyze the seismic response of structure resting on layered medium. By this approach the effects of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) upon the response of earth dam on multi-layered half space subjected to seismic ground motions are studied. The dynamic responses of earth dams on rigid base are also evaluated to compare with those on a flexible homogenous half space. It is noted that great differences may arise between the results of the two cases. To investigate the influence of the truncated size of foundation in horizontal direction on the dynamic response of the …

Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake induced liquefaction of sediment stored behind dams can give rise to high uplift pressures which could endanger their safety. The uplift pressures depend upon the permeability and compressibility of both the sediment and the foundation and are controlled by Biot's equation. Uplift pressures are computed for a single dam and foundation with a range of properties. The results show that for the conditions analyzed, the uplift pressures are largely controlled by the foundation permeability with the largest uplift pressures occurring for the highest foundation permeability. The possibility of liquefied sediment flowing into fissures in the foundation rock is also …

Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method of inelastic seismic analysis of earth dams developed by the authors is used to study the response of the San Fernando and Santa Felicia dams to accelerograms recorded in the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. The method involves two separate stages. In stage I, the dam is discretized into finite elements and is subjected to horizontal static inertia-like forces; its nonlinear deformation is computed using a plane strain code, while the applied horizontal forces are gradually increased until large enough strains develop in most elements of the dam. The results of this analysis are utilized to derive realistic …

Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed a seismic stability assessment of the Ririe Darn and Reservoir Project located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ririe Darn is an earth- and rockfill darn with a central impervious core constructed between 1966 and 1975 in a narrow canyon of Willow Creek. A geologic and seismologic study indicated that the controlling maximum credible earthquake (MCE} is a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake at a distance of 8 km from the darn. The seismic stability analysis included a dynamic response analysis of the darn using two-dimensional finite element procedures. Empirical relations derived from the observed response …

One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earth dams may experience reduction in shear strength due to seismically induced pore pressures. Such reduction may be large enough to result in large deformations and eventual loss of the reservoir. While the analysis of embankment dams subject to earthquake loading is a complicated process, it is required for evaluation of seismic stability. In particular, the possibility of liquefaction in older, hydraulically-filled or otherwise poorly compacted dams during earthquakes presents a threat that must be addressed. This paper compares two methods of calculating the peak dynamic shear stress (critical to liquefaction evaluation) that occurs in an embankment during an earthquake. …

Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical solution is presented for steady-state lateral response of earth and rock fill dams in canyons subjected to asynchronous excitation consisting of obliquely incident SH waves. The dam is idealized with a 2-dimensional shear wedge and the canyon is considered rectangular and consisting of flexible rock. A parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of (a) the angle of incidence, (b) the impedance ratio and (c) the canyon narrowness on the steady-state response, by considering in a simplifying way the effects of the dam-canyon interaction. The results demonstrate that the above factors may have a significant effect on …

Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Slope stability problems involving colluvia on shale bedrock are common in the Greater Cincinnati Area. The behavior of these hillslopes during earthquakes is, however, not known. This gives cause to speculation whether they are vulnerable to earthquake vibrations. In order to verify the response of these slopes to earthquake induced ground motions, representative composite clay shale samples obtained from a typical colluvial hillside in Cincinnati were tested in a cyclic direct shear apparatus which was attached to a load cell from the MTS piston actuator. The samples were initially consolidated under a selected normal pressure and then sheared until residual …

Stability Analyses In The Ports Of Long Beach And Los Angeles, Allen M. Yourman Jr., Gerald M. Diaz

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The combined Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (Ports) have experienced extensive growth over the last three decades. A main feature of the expansions is the creation of new land by placing hydraulic fill behind rock retention dikes. This paper presents an overview of the recent history and state of practice of slope stability analyses performed for projects related to the expansion of the Ports. The geologic and seismic setting and typical soil conditions are also described. This paper is based on a review of geotechnical reports prepared for projects in both Ports and selected published papers. The various …

Attenuation Laws Considering M And R Uncertainties, Sun-Rong Huo, Yuxian Hu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Accounting for the measuring errors or uncertainties of magnitude and distance in addition to ground motion, the attenuation laws for peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA), velocity(PGV). And displacement (PGD) are studied with a weighted consistent least-square regressional method (WCLSRM) proposed by the authors to obtain the functional relation among several random variables (R.V.). The saturation of ground motions near epicenter with respect to both magnitude and distance is also emphasized in the models. The result is that the scaling factors for distance and the linear term of magnitude in the attenuation relations regressed by the suggested method are about 16 …

Bem-Fem Hybrid Analysis For Topographical Site Response Characteristics, Hirokazu Takemiya, Masaki Ono, Kiyotaka Suda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper concerns an amplification of seismic ground motions by a certainly shaped surface soil deposits in view of its topographical configuration. Different hybrid methods of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are used for the two-dimensional (2- D) analysis. In the analysis, the far field impedance is first evaluated by BEM then it is incorporated into the near field FEM analysis based on the weighted residual method. The steady state responses for different types of harmonic incident waves are investigated. Some useful findings are pointed out in comparison with the one-dimensional (1-D) results.

Dynamical Behavior Of A Slightly Alluvial Basin Due To Concentrated Turbulence, Takashi Nishigaki, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper is concerned with theoretical analyses and numerical evaluations based on the wave propagation theory to find dynamic characteristics of an alluvial basin locally situated on a half spatial bedrock due to concentrated loadings on the free surface. The method presented herein is derived from the Aki and Larner's method by releasing the assumption of the repeated irregularities, so that the wave field having localized irregularities can be evaluated. The numerical analyses show that the amplification effects are obvious on the free surface inside the alluvial sediment and the subsurface structure influences the seismic behavior observed on the surface.

Effect Of Local Soil Stratigraphy On Microtremor Measurements, George Bouckovalas, Ioanna Krikeli

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The method of microtremors has been recently applied for the microzonation of the town of alamata, in southern Greece. Results from this study are evaluated in comparison with predictions of seismic ground response obtained by 1-D wave propagation analyses. Predominant periods of microtremor are considerably lower than estimated fundamental ground periods. It is shown that a small part of the observed differences in due to soil non-linearity in connection with the small strain amplitudes induced by microtremors. The largest part appears to be due to geologic factors, namely the existence of rigid soil layers within the soft soil above the …

Effects Of Local Soil Conditions In The 1986 Kalamata Earthquakes, George A. Athanasopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic ground response analyses and simplified determinations of fundamental periods of soil profiles were conducted for nine sites of the Greek coastal city of Kalamata which was struck by two destructive small epicentral distance earthquakes in September of 1986. The response analyses were performed by using the computer program LUSH here as the fundamental periods were determined by applying simplified methods suggested in recent literature. The dynamic soil properties needed in all calculations were obtained by in-situ and laboratory testing. The results of all analyses showed differentiation of response from site to site in terms of both frequency content and …

Evaluation Of Soil Amplification At Smart1 Array, Taiwan, Mansour Niazi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In a recent compilation and analysis of nearly 750 accelerograms, we studied six pairs of triaxial accelerograms recorded digitally at two neighboring sites underlain by rock and soil, respectively. The distance between the two sites, both located south of the SMART1 array in northeast Taiwan, is approximately 2 km. The epicentral distances are less than 80 km. For each component, we computed the ratios of peak and spectral amplitudes recorded at the soil site to that of the rock site, for three peak parameters and 23 spectral ordinates. The mean estimates of the soil amplification for the peak parameters range …

Session 8: Opening Remarks, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Pseudo- Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Cyclic Deformation Of Ground Subject To Seismic Liquefaction, Ikuo Towhata, M. D. Shafiqui Islam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A Numerical tool was developed to evaluate the effects of differential movement which occurs at the ground surface during earthquakes. A special emphasis is placed on liquefaction of subsoils. A complicated three-dimensional analysis was avoided by using a pseudo-three-dimensional method of finite element analysis which runs on an element mesh of the ground surface topography as seen from the sky. The present analysis takes into account the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of soils, the ground softening due to pore pressure development, and the irregularity in the topography. The proposed method was applied to several cases in which buried pipelines were damaged …