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Articles 31561 - 31590 of 40073

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Case History Of Two Building Experience Large Post Construction Settlements - Wilmington, Delaware, R. David Charles Mar 1998

Case History Of Two Building Experience Large Post Construction Settlements - Wilmington, Delaware, R. David Charles

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper discusses a case history involving two buildings which were constructed over compressible soils at a site along the Christina River in Wilmington, Delaware. The buildings, which were constructed in 1987, have undergone significant settlement of both shallow and deep foundation elements. As of early 1995, some of the pile foundations for one of the buildings were observed to have settled as much as 8 inches, while portions of the floor slab were observed to have settled as much as 9-112 inches since the completion of construction. As a result of these large settlements, the owner retained the author's …

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A Case Study On Expansive Soils And Rocks Of Al-Khod In Northern Oman, Amer A. Al-Rawas, Mohammed Qarnaruddin Mar 1998

A Case Study On Expansive Soils And Rocks Of Al-Khod In Northern Oman, Amer A. Al-Rawas, Mohammed Qarnaruddin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study of damage due to expansive soils and rocks in Northern Oman has been studied. Geological and geotechnical investigation revealed the presence of very stiff to hard silty clay with mudstone. Swell pressures up to 330 kPa, and swell percent values up to 70 were measured. Smectite (montmorillonite) and illite clay minerals were identified as being the main clay minerals present in the soils and rocks. A detailed investigation into the damage to the different building elements has been undertaken to study the mechanism of structural damage to establish the cause of such damage and to recommend the …

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A Case Study On Settlement Of Oil Storage Tank Foundations, G. Ramasamy, G. Kalaiselvan Mar 1998

A Case Study On Settlement Of Oil Storage Tank Foundations, G. Ramasamy, G. Kalaiselvan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Foundations of 8 Steel Oil storage tanks and two fire water tanks were proportioned limiting total settlement to 100 mm. The soil at the site consists of alternating layers of cohesive and cohesionless soils. Settlement estimates were based on currently available methods with suitable modifications to the situation met with. The tanks were load tested (Hydrotest) and settlements observed at nine locations along the periphery on tank shell base. These observed settlements are compared with the estimated values.

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Experimental Analysis Of Large Lateral Displacement Of Piles In Centrifuge, Bouafia Ali Mar 1998

Experimental Analysis Of Large Lateral Displacement Of Piles In Centrifuge, Bouafia Ali

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reduced scale model tests in centrifuge have been carried out for measurement of the ultimate horizontal load of a pile driven in dense sand. The construction of the load-transfer P-Y curves has allowed to analyse the response of the soil to the large displacements of the pile. The comparison between experimental results and those predicted by the current methods has shown the insufficiency of the theoretical approaches.

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Steering Committee, Multiple Members Mar 1998

Steering Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Failure Of Buildings On Mound ̶ A Case Study, U. N. Sinha Mar 1998

Failure Of Buildings On Mound ̶ A Case Study, U. N. Sinha

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The century old buildings situated on mound at Jais town, Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh), India, failed after heavy rainfall. The paper presents the convincing evidence of the failure or buildings through photographs. The prime cause of failures and suggestions are also reported.

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Foundation Construction On Random Fill, Nasser Massoudi Mar 1998

Foundation Construction On Random Fill, Nasser Massoudi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Due to the high cost premiums associated with development on virgin lands, it is not uncommon to find new structures planned for construction over filled grounds. Such structures vary in function ranging from industrial facilities to public institutions. This paper presents three case histories related to construction or shallow foundations on random fill for a factory building, a public library, and a college building. The factory building was constructed partly over deep uncontrolled fill with little foundation improvement and partly over residual soils. The library was constructed partly over a randomly filled, abandoned quarry and partly over pinnacled limestone and …

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Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa Mar 1998

Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In Northern Tehran, a 100- years old residential masonry building is being renovated into a public library. The wooden floors of the upper story are being reinforced with an exposed steel space - frame and for settlement prevention of old bearing walls, the end bearing piles are used. During the construction of a reflective pool very close to the building, a number of masonry foundations begun sliding from under the brick columns of the main facade. In order to stop the sliding and prevent damage to the building a design was proposed to reinforce the foundation. The paper, examines the …

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Sinkholes In Earth Dam Kota Barrage [India], Narendra Kumar, V. K. Talwar, R. K. Pal Mar 1998

Sinkholes In Earth Dam Kota Barrage [India], Narendra Kumar, V. K. Talwar, R. K. Pal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Kota Barrage is the lowermost hydraulic structure amongst the series of four dams built across the river Chambal, a tributary of the river Yamuna in the Ganga Basin. It is situated near the Kota City, Rajasthan in India and is in operation since November, 1960 with an irrigation potential of 679 thousand ha in two adjoining states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It comprises of a composite structure consisting of a 268.2m long earth and rockfill dam and a 304.8m long masonry spillway, the total length being 573.0m The earth/rockfill dam abuts in the right against a hillock over which …

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Study On Mechanism Of Caisson Type Sea Wall Movement During Earthquakes, Masayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Satoshi Katayama Mar 1998

Study On Mechanism Of Caisson Type Sea Wall Movement During Earthquakes, Masayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Satoshi Katayama

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Model vibration tests under gravity and centrifuge model vibration tests in 50G were performed to investigate the behavior of caisson type sea mill with reclaimed ground below and behind the caisson. In the tests, sliding of caisson occurred only during excitation, which indicates that it is impossible to predict the displacement of caisson and the deformation of back-fill ground without taking account of both inertia force of caisson and dynamic earth pressure. As for the dynamic earth pressure acts on the caisson, it was found that when input acceleration is small, the dynamic earth pressure seems to restrain the movement …

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An Anchored Band Bracing System For Deep Excavations In Clay, Linbing Wang Mar 1998

An Anchored Band Bracing System For Deep Excavations In Clay, Linbing Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An anchored band bracing system was introduced for the bracing of a deep excavation in hard clay with low-level expansion. In this system, stress redistribution was considered to further deduce the thickness of the surfacing shotcrete, global stability was ensured by prestressed anchors and a concrete band for the distribution of the prestress. The bracing system was shown to be cost effective and reliable under certain conditions, it is the first project using prestressed anchors combined with shotcrete for deep excavation bracing in hard clay with low level expansion in P.R. China. In this paper, the design procedure and criteria …

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Behavior Of Braced Deep Excavation In Soft Soils, Changjie Xu, Yuanqiang Cai, Shiming Wu Mar 1998

Behavior Of Braced Deep Excavation In Soft Soils, Changjie Xu, Yuanqiang Cai, Shiming Wu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A successful case study of braced deep excavation in Hangzhou, 1994, is presented in this paper. A stiff braced retaining structure was adopted through theoretical analysis, the bottom soil of the pit was strengthened by cement mixed grouting to increase the stability of the retaining structure. The excavation was completed smoothly in short period of time, displacements surrounded the pit and stresses in braces were measured during the whole procedure of excavation and the measured results agreed well with the prediction by FEM. Some conclusions drawn from this successful case may be instructional to other similar engineerings.

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Failure Of Excavation Bracing System For New World Plaza At Changchun In China, M. S. Wang, X. Wu, M. C. Wang Mar 1998

Failure Of Excavation Bracing System For New World Plaza At Changchun In China, M. S. Wang, X. Wu, M. C. Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a case history on the failure of an excavation bracing system. The engineering projects involved the construction of the New World Plaza in Changchun, China. The plaza building had a 3-story deep basement which supported an 8-story building together with a 42-story main tower. The excavation area was surrounded by streets on three sides and an on-going 8-m deep excavation along the fourth side. The excavation varied from 15 m to 16 m in depth and was braced with 157 anchored cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles. The bracing system failed as soon as the design depth was reached. …

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Large Retaining Structures Reinforced By Geosynthetics: French Case Histories, Jean-Claude Blivet, Jean-Pierre Gourc Mar 1998

Large Retaining Structures Reinforced By Geosynthetics: French Case Histories, Jean-Claude Blivet, Jean-Pierre Gourc

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

French experience in earth embankments reinforced by geosynthetics dates back more than 25 years. This technique was developed on the basis of reference structures fitted with instruments to monitor their behaviour. Three of the largest structures built have been chosen in this paper as they are typical of the different construction technologies used in France.

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Numerical Modeling Of A Crib-Wall Failure, Wolfgang H. Roth, Alexander Delnik Mar 1998

Numerical Modeling Of A Crib-Wall Failure, Wolfgang H. Roth, Alexander Delnik

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 2-D finite difference program FLAC was utilized to investigate the probable cause of failure of a crib wall at Hebrew Union College in Los Angeles. Shortly after reaching its final height of 45 feet, cracking/crushing of the precast-concrete elements had been observed, and the crib wall was lowered to 35 feet. In spite of this design change, however, a portion of the wall later collapsed following prolonged rainfalls in March of 1992. In analyzing the construction stages and subsequent wall failure, a simple Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model was coupled with seepage analysis to simulate the effect of rainwater infiltration. Two …

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Pier Failure Of Bridge And Geotechnical Investigation − A Case Study, J. K. Jain, A. K. Saxena, Sanjay Kumar Shrivastava Mar 1998

Pier Failure Of Bridge And Geotechnical Investigation − A Case Study, J. K. Jain, A. K. Saxena, Sanjay Kumar Shrivastava

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper a case of foundation failure, due to which the complete bridge structure has collapsed, is considered. The bridge is situated in Km. 26/6 on Langi Durg Road. It was constructed in the year 1980-81. This bridge has two solid slab spans of 15.25 meters each. The substructure is of solid coarse rubble stone masonry. The base dimensions of pier foundation are 3780 mm. in traffic direction and 10080 mm. in current direction at R.L. 94.00m. The pier foundation is resting on bouldary strata. During the floods in the year 1995 the pier constructed in mid-stream failed. This …

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A Computer Aided Rock Mass Classification For Rock Slopes, Hong Li, Gang Li Mar 1998

A Computer Aided Rock Mass Classification For Rock Slopes, Hong Li, Gang Li

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper proposes a new microcomputer aided geomechanical classification for rock slopes. This classification for rock slopes is established based on well known established rock mass classification such as the CSIR classification, the Q classification, SRM classification and the Chinese Engineering Rock mass Classification (CERC) and the concept of “preferred planes”. In order to obtain a useful result by taking account to the complicated geological conditions and the multiple goals decision, a computer aided geomechanical classification for rock slopes (CSRSS) has been built based on the expert system design skills. The case studies showed that the classification system works well. …

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Investigation Of The Influence Of The Clay Seams Around An Underground Excavation In Rock Salt, S. Kwon, John W. Wilson Mar 1998

Investigation Of The Influence Of The Clay Seams Around An Underground Excavation In Rock Salt, S. Kwon, John W. Wilson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The presence of clay seams in the roof is especially important for assessing the stability of the excavations in salt and potash mines, since they allow separation as well as horizontal slip. The deformational behavior at clay seams in the roof of excavations was investigated by using actual field measurements made at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WlPP) site. From the in situ deformation measurements, the separation and separation rate across the clay seams in the roof and floor could be estimated by using the technique developed in this study. The horizontal displacement along the clay seams was determined from …

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Remedial Works In Tile Ljubelj Tunnel, Borut Petkovšek, Lojze Bevc Mar 1998

Remedial Works In Tile Ljubelj Tunnel, Borut Petkovšek, Lojze Bevc

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Tunneling In Squeezing Ground, J. C. Chern, C. W. Yu, H. C. Kao Mar 1998

Tunneling In Squeezing Ground, J. C. Chern, C. W. Yu, H. C. Kao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A criterion for identifying the squeezing potential of tunnel is proposed. Tunneling conditions, classified as slightly or non-squeezing, moderately squeezing and highly squeezing, were identified by relating the strength-stress (σcm/Po ) ratio to the development of plastic zone extent and the amount of tunnel closure. Actual case histories of tunneling in Taiwan show that this criterion predicts the tunnel performance quite well. This enables the identification of tunneling conditions expected which require special considerations in support design and excavation-support procedures.

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Composite Ground Modification System: Vibroreplacement And Dynamic Compaction, Salt Lake County Detention Center, Utah, Roberto A. López, Mathew J. Francis, Kyle M. Rollins, Scott W. Davis, Zoran Batchko Mar 1998

Composite Ground Modification System: Vibroreplacement And Dynamic Compaction, Salt Lake County Detention Center, Utah, Roberto A. López, Mathew J. Francis, Kyle M. Rollins, Scott W. Davis, Zoran Batchko

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The site for a new Adult Detention Center currently under construction in Salt Lake City, Utah, is underlain by loose sands and soft clayey lake deposits. Due to bearing capacity, static settlement, and liquefaction concerns, a hybrid ground improvement program consisting of both dynamic compaction and vibroreplacement was implemented. Stone columns were concentrated under spread and wall footings; dynamic compaction was performed over the whole site. A comprehensive quality assurance/ quality control program was executed, with a significant number of cone penetration tests, standard penetration tests, 10 plate load tests, and deceleration readings taken with an accelerometer mounted on the …

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Ground Improvement At The Queensway Bay Downtown Harbor, Long Beach, California, Suji Somasundaram, Gamini Weeratunga, Kris Khilnani Mar 1998

Ground Improvement At The Queensway Bay Downtown Harbor, Long Beach, California, Suji Somasundaram, Gamini Weeratunga, Kris Khilnani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vibro-replacement with stone columns was selected as the optimum ground improvement solution to mitigate liquefaction potential, provide seismic stability, and provide adequate structure foundation support for a proposed harbor/marina development at an oceanfront site. The site is underlain by up to 27 meters of soft/loose hydraulic fills and seafloor sediments. An 18-meter wide ground improvement zone straddling the proposed 600-meter long bulkhead wall alignment was designed to create a non-liquefiable barrier that would prevent flow failures towards the lagoon, limit seismically induced deformations to acceptable levels, and allow the wall to be supported on shallow footings. The construction of a …

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Investigation Of Landslides Affecting A Romanian Railway, Ion Stanculescu, Florian Braniste, Ion Borsaru Mar 1998

Investigation Of Landslides Affecting A Romanian Railway, Ion Stanculescu, Florian Braniste, Ion Borsaru

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The study of the landslides that occurred on the hillside between Covurlui plateau and Brates Lake is presented, together with geotechnical investigations performed in order to establish the trigger mechanism of the registered cyclical instability phenomena. Laboratory test results showing the peculiarities of the clay strata, mineralogical, physical, and mechanical properties are discussed, and stability analysis results are commented, in order to substantiate the proposed consolidation measures.

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Lime Slurry Injection, Lime Piles And Stone Columns For Improvement Of Soft Soils − Field Trials, A. K. Gupta, Satish Kumar, D. S. Tolia Mar 1998

Lime Slurry Injection, Lime Piles And Stone Columns For Improvement Of Soft Soils − Field Trials, A. K. Gupta, Satish Kumar, D. S. Tolia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Scarcity of good land available for construction has resulted in development of a number of techniques for improvement of ground. If properly treated, most soils can be made into useful construction materials. Two case histories arc presented utilizing two different kinds of ground improvement techniques. Field scale trials are conducted to reinforce deep deposit of soft marine clay with stone columns and a road embankment made with black cotton soil modified with lime columns and pressure injection of lime slurry. Both techniques resulted in significant improvement in strength and settlement characteristics.

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Observations On Landslide Incidences In Himalayas In Kashmir Area, A. K. Gupta, Jai Bhagwan, B. C. Joshi Mar 1998

Observations On Landslide Incidences In Himalayas In Kashmir Area, A. K. Gupta, Jai Bhagwan, B. C. Joshi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Himalayas have been found to experience the highest frequency of landslide incidences, thereby, causing loss of life and property. The rocks of Himalaya are repeatedly deformed and are affected by the periodic reactivation of deepseated faults. The experiences in the area of landslide investigations reveal that these lineaments are characterised by the frequent occurrence of landslides. Recently, studies have been carried out on a number of landslides falling between Murree and Panjal thrust along the Karole-Kastigarh road in Ram ban area of Jammu & Kashmir. This paper is intended to present the salient features of some of these landslide …

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Performance Prediction And Uses Of Pv Band Drains Under The Embankments On Soft Marine Clays Of Bangkok, Kaushik Mukherjee Mar 1998

Performance Prediction And Uses Of Pv Band Drains Under The Embankments On Soft Marine Clays Of Bangkok, Kaushik Mukherjee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of prefabricated vertical (PV) drains for the improvement of soft clays is a widely adopted technique today. Vertical drains arc used to accelerate the consolidation under preloading by taking the advantage of higher rate of horizontal flow of water through the soil. The present paper is aimed at the prediction of the performances shown by the ‘Alidrain’, used in the soft marine clays of Bangkok, in the field under embankment loading and in the laboratory in a in-house designed large scale consolidometer, by using a Finite Element model of the transient, axi-symmetric flow problem considering equal strain. This …

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Soil And Site Improvements Of The Marsh Soils In Puerto De Santa María Highway (Cádiz, Spain), Carlos S. Oteo, José M. Delgado, Germán Burbano, Luis M. Sopeña Mar 1998

Soil And Site Improvements Of The Marsh Soils In Puerto De Santa María Highway (Cádiz, Spain), Carlos S. Oteo, José M. Delgado, Germán Burbano, Luis M. Sopeña

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Puerto de Santa Maria and Puerto Real news highways are 17.4 kms. long, of which about 9 kms. run through a marshland area. The soft soil surveys involved piezocone reconnaissances and the construction of 3 experimental embankments. The embankments rest on ground improved with vertical drains for heights between 2.5 and 4.0 m., and with gravel columns for heights between 4.0 and 9.0 m. Expanded polystyrene was also used, for the first time in Spain, as a light fill in the embankments providing access to one of the bridges. The foundations for the 9 bridges located in the marshland …

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Tension Tests On Drilled Micropiles In A Stiff Clay, Alan J. Lutenegger, Gerald A. Miller Mar 1998

Tension Tests On Drilled Micropiles In A Stiff Clay, Alan J. Lutenegger, Gerald A. Miller

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A series of 20 small diameter drilled and grouted micropiles were installed at three different depths in a stiff surficial clay crust at the National Geotechnical Experimentation Site in Amherst, Massachusetts. A detailed site characterization program was performed to evaluate· the soil characteristics in the crust. Three different sizes of micropiles ranging in diameter from 76 mm to 152 mm and having lengths from 1.52 m to 4.57 m were installed vertically at the site using both continuous flight augers and hand auger techniques. Concrete was placed in the open holes using gravity free-tall. After allowing the concrete to cure …

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Treatment Of Soft Soils By Dynamic Compaction, Kejing Chen, Huishan Liu, Robert Lo Mar 1998

Treatment Of Soft Soils By Dynamic Compaction, Kejing Chen, Huishan Liu, Robert Lo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper reports a case study on treatment of soft days by dynamic compaction. A special technique adopted in this project allowed massive stiff columns to be formed under the impact locations, and the soils between these impact locations to be replaced and mixed with granular fills, hence creating a composite foundation. The comprehensive field investigation showed that the allowable bearing capacity of the treated ground (as a composite foundation) was 350 kPa, a significant increase compared with that of untreated ground (70 kPa). The achieved stiffness modulus of the composite foundation was 24 MPa.

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An Investigation Into The Causes Of Building Cracks On The Rear Scarp Of A Major Landslip, V. S. Hope, C. R. I. Clayton, M. C. Matthews Mar 1998

An Investigation Into The Causes Of Building Cracks On The Rear Scarp Of A Major Landslip, V. S. Hope, C. R. I. Clayton, M. C. Matthews

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper concerns a building constructed on the rear scarp of a major lands lip in the London Clay. Since its construction, the structure has shown significant cracking which has worsened with time. The paper describes how, using a systematic process of observation and interpretation, the principal cause of cracking was eventually identified. This case history is of value to engineers as a cautionary tale in which the most obvious answer is not necessarily the correct one.

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