Engineering Commons^™

Open-Loop Frequency Response Analysis Of A Jacketed Kettle With Internal Heating/Cooling Coil, Wayne P. Brenckle

Theses

This work was performed to investigate the response and stability of a jacketed kettle with internal heating/cooling coils and glasteel thermowell. This system was first analyzed mathematically by deriving transfer functions for each component and then combining all component equations together to give the overall system transfer function. The mathematical model was then checked by frequency response analysis of the system. Bode plots of the system were prepared and the effect of the thermowell was analyzed.

Nyquist plots of the system were used as the criteria for determining stability, and obtaining the open-loop gain necessary to give optimum closed-loop response. …

Heat And Mass Transfer In The Absence Of Air, James Joseph Howley

Theses

The effects of heat and mass transfer across a frosted heat exchanger operating in the absence of air was evaluated. It is felt that this work could be applied to processes such as desalination of water or the purification of materials by reverse sublimation.

The system consisted of a single 1/2” O.D. stainless steel tube mounted within a 3" O.D. plexiglas tube with the ends suitably flanged. A vacuum was maintained in the annular space. Refrigerated ethylene glycol passed through the inner tube in laminar flow. A series of runs with substantially air-free water vapor added to the annular space …

The Reaction Of Cyclic Acetals With N-Halo Compounds, Nicholas Hrinkevich

Theses

Chemical reactions were carried out to determine the products of the halogenation of cyclic acetals with N-halo compounds (specifically N-bromosuccinimide and N-chlorosuccinimide) under conditions essentially free of those directly associated with free radical mechanisms (photocatalysis, peroxides, azonitriles, etc.).

Cyclic acetals were prepared and halogenated with bromine (Br2) or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). The distilled product from each reaction after workup was analyzed by vapor phase chromatography (VPC). The major components from the VPC were collected and identified by either infrared (IR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elementary analysis.

A mixture of compounds was found in each distilled …

Natural Gas Liquefaction, Travis George Hutchinson

Theses

In this thesis the author has developed a new process by which natural gas is converted into its liquid form. This has been accomplished by cryogenically cooling, condensing and fractionating natural gas. Resultant from this process is the design of natural gas liquefaction with valuable by-product recovery.

A Computer Program For Multicomponent Distillation From Start Up To Steady State, Leo Julian

Theses

A computer program is presented which develops for a multicomponent distillation column a composition and temperature profile as a function of time from initial start-up to steady-state conditions.

The program is written in Kingston Fortran II language for use on an IBM 1620 II machine. It is a Thiele-Geddes type solution, i.e. the total number of plates, feed plate, overhead and bottoms split are specified and the solution gives plate. compositions and temperatures. The material balance at any time is based on the composition at the previous time, increased (or decreased) by the net quantity added and removed as a …

Approximation Of Reaction Rate Models, Hsu-Tung Lee

Theses

In reaction rate studies, experimental data is interpreted and correlated in terms of various mathematical models. The converse of the modeling of practical problems is the task- of experimental determination of reaction mechanisms. Generally, this approach is classified into integral and differential methods. Both involve trial and error techniques. The mathematical model which satisfies the test becomes the equation for mechanistic representation.

Both the integral and differential methods have been tried. Generally speaking, the differential method is more advantageous than the integral. For one thing, the parameters which are involved in the nodal can be determined directly by the differential …

An Investigation Of Some Properties Of Liquids Near Their Freezing Points, Martin Irwin Pulver

Theses

Five normal alcohols were prepared to greater than 99% purity. Simultaneous viscosity and density measurements were made beginning at 20°C above the reported normal freezing point and ending at incipient crystallization.

It was assumed that viscosity could be expressed as a function of specific volume and absolute volume, and that a simple logarithmic function would give a suitable correlation. The resulting equation yielded viscosities with an average error of less than 0.8% for the entire collection of data.

Deviations from a previously established linear function were observed in the density data from about 5°C above the reported normal freezing point …

The Measurement Of Dispersion Coefficients, John Harold Rosenberger

Theses

This work describes a method of determining axial dispersion coefficients in a packed bed chemical reactor. This is done by measurement of the fractional conversion of acetic anhydride to acetic acid, by first order reaction in dilute solution. The reaction is carried out at various flow rates in a four inch diameter reactor packed with one-half inch Raschig rings. analysis is by the aniline-rater method. Calculation of the dispersion coefficients is by trial using a digital computer. The results are presented graphically and compared to results obtained by other methods. The results of this study are found to correspond to …

Thermal Conductivity Of Mixtures, Paul Joseph Orosz

Theses

A concentric cylinder type cell was designed and constructed tp measure thermal conductivity of liquids. The materials of construction were stainless steel and teflon, so that a wide variety of liquids could be tested.

The systems studied were aqueous solutions of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and tertiary-butyl alcohol. Thermal conductivity was studied as a function of composition.

The data obtained were fitted to quadratic equations by least squares analysis. For each system, an equation of the following type was obtained:

k_L = A + Bx_A + Cx_A²

where k_L is thermal …

Trace Element Content Of Magnetites And Hematites, Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province, Usa, Geza Kisvarsany, Paul Dean Proctor

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Six major and numerous smaller Precambrian iron deposits of mag-matic origin occur in the volcanic rocks of the Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province in an area approximately 70 miles long and 40 miles wide. The Precambrian igneous complex is composed of mainly high silica, with some intermediate, volcanic rocks intruded by granitic rocks and some diorites and gabbros. Biotite schists occur locally. Some of the volcanic and intrusive rocks are characterized by an unusual abundance of alkali metals. Local enrichments in fluorite, calcite, and iron oxides are present. The shapes of the iron deposits range from massive tabular to irregular. …

Ball Milling Of Non-Newtonian Dispersions, Barry S. Miller

Theses

This investigation attempts to obtain a better understanding of flow behavior of a pigmented dispersion in a ball mill.

A power-law fluid model was used to approximate the rheological behavior of the milled fluid. To correlate power data on each of 276 milled dispersions, this model was used together with power number, Reynolds number, Froude number; and some geometrical variables.

Laboratory size stainless steel jars containing stainless steel balls from 1/8 to 3/4 inches in diameter were used to Mill a pigment/binder/solvent system at various speeds for different periods of time.

A correlation of power number as a function of …

The Effects Of Additive And Surface-Active Agents On Interphase Mass Transfer In A Solid-Liquid System, Gim Tan

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Study of the effects of contaminants on interface mass transfer in fluid-fluid systems has been the object of many recent theoretical and experimental investigations. The investigators’ common hope of finding a unified theory to explain the action of surfactants has not been accomplished. Instead, many different and conflicting theories have been advanced to explain the experimental results. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of contaminants on liquid phase mass transfer in a solid-liquid system. The theoretical and experimental model chosen for the present case was that of a flat disk rotating in a quiescent fluid. The rotating-disk …

The Frequency Response Analysis Of A Reboiler-Condenser Under Condensate Control, Douglas F. Ready

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a reboiler-condenser pair, with the reboiler operating under condensate control, were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two analyses compared.

The theoretical analysis was performed using the standard method of Laplace transform transfer function synthesis.

The experimental study consisted of a frequency response analysis of the system response to sinusoidal variations of the steam condensate rejection rate.

Two mathematical models were developed, one quite rigorous but extremely cumbersome, the other neglecting all but the most important factors for the sake of simplicity.

The experimental data (in the form of Bode …

Potassium T-Butoxide-Initiated Elimination On Substrate 1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane, James Waldron

Theses

1-bromo-2,2-dimethoxyethane (I) was prepared in 68% yield from the addition of bromine to a solution of vinyl acetate and methanol. A Williamson ether synthesis, using sodium methoxide in methanol and I, gave 1,1,2-trimethoxyethane (II) in 48% yield. The compound (II) was the desired substrate for elimination reactions because it contains poor leaving alkoxide groups.

Many different reactions were investigated to convert II into 1,2-dimethoxyethylene. Among these were pyrolysis, acid catalyzed eliminations, and base initiated elimination reactions.

Best results were obtained using a bomb reactor, compound II as substrate, and potassium t-butoxide as the base. From this reaction, tertiary-butyl methyl ether, …

Recovery Of Copper By Liquid Ion-Exchange, Bipinchandra V. Vora

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

In 1955 the United States Atomic Energy Commission declassified certain information regarding solvent extraction (1). Since then the liquid ion-exchange process, sometimes known as liquid-liquid extraction, has become significant method tor the recovery of pure metals from low grade ores. This process has achieved its greatest success in the uranium industry (2).

Vaporization Through Porous Membranes, Marshall E. Findley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mixtures may be evaporated from one interface of a Non wettable porous membrane with diffusion through the vapor-filled pores and condensation at the other interface of the membrane, by a sufficiently higher temperature on the mixture side maintained by a heat supply to the mixture and heat removal from the condensate equal to the latent heat transferred with vapor plus heat transferred by conduction. This permits essentially infinite-stage flash evaporation at constant liquid pressures, either with diffusion through Non condensable gases in the pores, or with vapor flow at a lower pressure than liquid pressures, but with liquids excluded from …

Carburizing Of Steel Using "Cracked" Methane, Robert Alvin Hesse

Theses

An attempt was made to carburize steel using cracked methane, industrial terminology for methane burned in air over a catalyst to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as the carburizing agent. Initial tests in a laboratory scale furnace using steel in chip form showed that, the feasibility of this method was excellent. These tests also indicated that a good method of control of the carburizing would be by a system that could measure the dew point of the gases introduced into the furnace. The next step was to apply the method of carburizing to small production size lots of bearing components. …

Melt Rheological Properties Of A Filled Polyethylene, George Lewis Levy

Theses

A procedure was developed to convert shear stress at various melt temperatures into a computed shear stress at a constant temperature in an isothermal system.

The isothermal shear stress was first analyzed at an equilibrium condition before time induced stress reduction for

1) the temperature dependency of shear stress

2) non-newtonian flow behavior

3) a relationship between the independent variables of shear rate, filler concentration and temperature, and shear stress.

A statistical analysis was performed on the data to find an empirical relationship between shear stress and the independent variables, at any time, under stress, for unfilled and filled high …

Variation In Gold Content Of Minerals Of The Marysville Quartz Diorite Stock, Montana, Erwin J. Mantei, Arthur H. Brownlow

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Neutron activation analysis for gold has been carried out on 135 mineral samples from throughout the Marysville stock with the following results: (1) the gold content of 44 biotite ranges from 0·002 to 0·924 ppm with an average of 0·076 ppm; (2) 37 hornblende samples gave a range of 0·003-0·823 ppm and an average of 0·100 ppm; (3) for 44 magnetite samples the range was 0·003-0·329 ppm and the average 0·037 ppm; (4) 10 quartz-feldspar samples varied from 0·006 to 0·176 ppm with an average of 0·065 ppm. High gold values mainly occur near the edge of the stock and …

Numerical Approximation To Performance Predictions Of Gas-Drive Reservoir With Or Without Gas-Cap And Gas Injection, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"The pressure-saturation transient history for a hydrocarbon reservoir is solved for solution-gas, gas-cap and injected-gas drives assuming the saturation-pressure variations depicted by Muskat, under specific restrictive assumptions. A prototype reservoir system and its transient pressure saturation distribution under production is systemized on an IBM 360-Model 40 Computer which allows the definition of the transient behavior of saturation with pressure declination and fluid withdrawal for preassigned initial saturations of the oil, water and gas phases. This analysis is then modified for the existence of a gas-cap and for the re-injection of produced gas volumes for pressure maintenance considerations and the ensuing …

Handlos And Baron Model: Short Contact Times, J. Patel, Robert M. Wellek

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Radial Pressure Gradient In Turbulent Pipe Flow, Gary Kent Patterson, Walter J. Ewbank, Virgil A. Sandborn

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements made with a Prandtl static pressure probe have demonstrated that a radial pressure gradient does exist in turbulent pipe flow with approximately the magnitude predicted by Sandborn from hot-wire anemometry measurements.

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosities Of Solutions Of Linear Flexible High Polymers, Lung Yu Chou, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viscosity-concentration results in the moderately concentrated range for four samples of polyisobutylene (molecular weights of 1.3 x 104 to 1.0 x 106) in cyclohexane (concentrations up to 4.7 g./dl.) and in benzene (concentrations up to 7.0 g./dl.) at 24°C. (a theta solvent) showed molecular weight and goodness of solvent dependencies similar to those reported earlier for three other polymers. For polyisobutylene, polystyrene, and a copolymer of styrene and methyl methaerylate in good solvents, viscosity-concentration data plotted as ηsp. C[η] vs. k′[η]C fit a single curve. The linear region of this curve suggests that the Huggins equation is useful to C[η] …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Cadmium, James W. Johnson, E. Deng, S. C. Lai, William Joseph James

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The anodic dissolution of cadmium has been studied in aqueous solutions containing Cl−, Br−, I−, Ac−, SO₄=, and NO3− ions. The normal valence (+2) was found in all solutions with the exception of NO₃−. The apparent valence (calculated) of cadmium ions in nitrate solutions varied from 1.2 to 2.0 and was found to be a function of NO₃− concentration, current density, and temperature. An anodic dissolution mechanism has been proposed involving local corrosion and disintegration of the anode which is consistent with the experimental results. © 1967, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Role Of The Doctor Of Engineering Degree In Graduate Education, Wouter Bosch, Robert E. Carlile

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Continuous Countercurrent Evaporation Through Porous Water-Repellent Membrane With Pressure Above Atmospheric, Yung C. Hsu

Masters Theses

"An experimental method for measuring mass transfer rates at pressures above atmospheric has been developed for the case of continuous countercurrent evaporation through porous water-repellent membranes. The final developed equipment is suitable for operation under pressures up to 50 psig and at temperatures near the boiling point of 7% salt water when high flow rates are reached. Rates of evaporation of water through the membrane were measured, and the data and results were used to examine the effects of operating conditions on the over-all mass transfer resistance. Least squares equations for fitting the data were also obtained. Over-all mass transfer …

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosity Of Dilute And Moderately Concentrated Polymer Solutions, Hwa Luh

Masters Theses

"The effect of concentration on the viscosity of dilute and moderately concentrated polymer solutions was studied for eight narrow molecular weight polystyrene samples (900

Analog Simulation Of A Plug Flow Tubular Reactor, Jon Douglas Carson

Masters Theses

"This thesis stresses the importance of analog and digital computers in the field of reaction kinetics. The analog computer is used to simulate a chemical reaction, the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride. The hydrolysis reaction takes place in a tubular reactor. The reactor is 3/4 inch in diameter and 20 feet long. These reactor dimensions allow the reaction system to approach plug flow, if the reactants flow through the reactor at turbulent flow rates. The physical, reactor, system is used to obtain experimental data for the hydrolysis reaction. The data is obtained at reactor temperatures between 75 and 100°F. Feed concentrations …

Velocity Profiles In Viscoelastic Drag Reducing Solutions, Luis Gustavo Florez E.

Masters Theses

"Turbulent velocity profiles in viscoelastic drag reducing solutions were measured using hot-film anemometer and Pitot tube techniques. Data were obtained in a solution of one per cent aluminium [sic] dioleate in toluene and in 0.2 and 0.4 per cent solutions of polyisobutylene (PIB) L-200 in cyclohexane. Velocity profiles were also obtained for comparison in toluene and cyclohexane by both techniques. By integrating the Pitot tube velocity profiles, large flow rate discrepancies between integrated and measured flow rates were found for the drag reducing polymer and soap solutions. This discrepancy was not observed in the hot-film anemometer measurements. The hot-film anemometer …

The Economics And Design Of Desalination By Evaporation Through Porous, Water-Repellent Membranes, Kuei-Hsiung Yang

Masters Theses

"The economics of desalination by evaporation through porous, water-repellent membranes has been studied in this investigation. Using reasonable assumptions this desalination process was found to be economical with the principal advantage being the simplification of multi-stage flash-type evaporation. Based on this process, two different methods were designed and studied by means of computer calculations for a 10 million gallons product water per stream day desalting plant. One method was based on a membrane evaporator and a heat exchanger and was designated Method I; and a combined evaporation-heat exchanger system was designated at Method II. The major factors affecting the economics …