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Articles 211 - 240 of 560
Full-Text Articles in Education
Earth And Space Science - Protecting From The Weather: Design Solutions, Brian Grublesky, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth And Space Science - Protecting From The Weather: Design Solutions, Brian Grublesky, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
The Earth can be divided many different ways, one of which is by climate zones. Climate zones are classified by similar weather traits which have been observed for at least 30 years. Each climate zone has weather hazards. Extreme temperatures, cyclones, tornadoes, drought, and monsoons are just some of the hazards. Humans regularly build structures to reduce the impact of the climate, but extreme weather conditions can tax normal structures and new ones need to be constructed.
Engineering, Technology, And Applications Of Science - Build A Nest: Changing The Environment, Elizabeth Martinez
Engineering, Technology, And Applications Of Science - Build A Nest: Changing The Environment, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Both plants and animals are dependent upon their environments for survival. However, in order to get the sustenance, they need, organisms often must alter their environment to meet their needs. Some animals gather and store food for a season due to times of extreme temperatures, ground conditions, and availability. Many bury food in the ground, while others store food in plants. Usually, the limbs or hollowed out sections of the trunks of trees are used, though some animals do store their food in densely populated areas of low plants. http://www.discoverwildlife.com/british-wildlife/how-identify-animal- food-stores provides a detailed list of some animal actions, while …
Engineering, Technology, And Applications Of Science - Winter Clothing Challenge: Engineering, Elizabeth Martinez
Engineering, Technology, And Applications Of Science - Winter Clothing Challenge: Engineering, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Students in kindergarten develop the understandings of basic needs, weather patterns, the concepts of push and pull, engineering, and the applications of science. Through identification of patterns, determination of cause and effect, investigation of structure and function, as well as systems and system models students begin to make sense of the natural world. Developmentally appropriate use of science and engineering practices prepares students for more complex phenomenon. December through February comprise the winter season in the Northern hemisphere. Changes in temperatures, forms of precipitation, types of storms, and preparedness plans occur during winter. Average daily temperatures in the Chicago area …
Life Science - Look At That: Pollinators, Elizabeth Martinez
Life Science - Look At That: Pollinators, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Pollinators are responsible for moving pollen from one flower to another flower of the same species or from one part of a flower to another part of the same flower. Moving the pollen from the stamen, male part of the flower, to the stigma, the female part of the flower, completes pollination, and results in the fertilization of a plant so that seeds may be produced to ensure reproduction.
Pollination involves animals such as butterflies, bees, wasps, insects, spiders, hummingbirds, and bats. These animals may deliberately visit a flower to gather pollen or accidently collect pollen while seeking …
Life Science - Time To Eat: Patterns In Survival, Elizabeth Martinez
Life Science - Time To Eat: Patterns In Survival, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Both plants and animals are dependent upon their environments for survival. However, in order to get the sustenance they need, organisms often must alter their environment to meet their needs. Some animals gather and store food for a season due to times of extreme temperatures, ground conditions, and availability. Many bury food in the ground, while others store food in plants. Usually, the limbs or hollowed out sections of the trunks of trees are used, though some animals do store their food in densely populated areas of low plants.
Earth And Space Science - Weather And Climate: Graphical Displays, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth And Space Science - Weather And Climate: Graphical Displays, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Weather and climate are related to one another. Current conditions and seasonal descriptions are considered weather, which include precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and barometric pressure to name a few. Each season has its unique features based on weather and amount of daylight. Thirty years’ worth of weather pattern data are analyzed to determine climates.
Annual and monthly temperatures, as well as precipitation data are the basis for climate zones. Landforms, proximity to oceans, and sea level also contribute the traits of the zones.
Latitude is used to geographically delineate climate zones. The higher the latitude, the …
Physical Science - What's That Sound? How Sounds Are Generated, Elizabeth Martinez
Physical Science - What's That Sound? How Sounds Are Generated, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Many organisms have the ability to communicate with sound. Sound allows organisms to learn more about their surroundings. Sirens, ringing of phones, musical instruments, animal sounds, and the human voice are a few examples of using sound to communicate. Sound is produced when an object vibrates. As demonstrated in the diagram below, the vibrations cause the medium’s particles, usually air, to move and allow the sound to travel in a singular direction. This longitudinal movement dictates the volume in which sound is heard; standing in the path of the longitudinal wave increases the probability, thus the volume, of hearing the …
Life Science - Plant And Animal Traits: Young And Old, Elizabeth Martinez
Life Science - Plant And Animal Traits: Young And Old, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Living organisms reproduce offspring and go through life cycles. Some offspring may look similar to their parents, while others look very dissimilar to theirs. Immature organisms that look similar to their parents will share some, but not all traits with their parents. This may be observed in many types of plants and animals. Examining the similarities and differences assists in identification, grouping, and classification.
Earth And Space Science - What's The Weather?: Patterns, Elizabeth Martinez, Patrick Young
Earth And Space Science - What's The Weather?: Patterns, Elizabeth Martinez, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Students in kindergarten develop the understandings of basic needs, weather patterns and severe weather. Through identification of patterns, determination of cause and effect, investigation of structure and function, as well as systems and system models students begin to make sense of the natural world. Developmentally appropriate use of science and engineering practices prepares students for more complex phenomenon. December through February comprise the winter season in the Northern hemisphere. Changes in temperatures, forms of precipitation, types of storms, and preparedness plans occur during winter. Average daily temperatures in the Chicago area range from a high of 36°F to 18°F as …
Physical Science - Patterns And Predictions: Forces And Motion, Elizabeth Martinez
Physical Science - Patterns And Predictions: Forces And Motion, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
A push or a pull, a force, is needed to set an object in motion. This requires objects to interact with one another. Types of interactions may be grouped into two broad categories. Direct contact between and among objects, such as friction, is one group. Interactions may also occur across a distance. Magnetic and gravitational forces are included in this category. Results of these forces are observable. Careful observations can lead to prediction of future results of interactions. The use of qualitative and quantitative observations assists in the development of predictions.
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
No abstract provided.
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
No abstract provided.
Physical Science - Make It: Physical Properties, Elizabeth Martinez
Physical Science - Make It: Physical Properties, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Physical properties of matter are those that can be observed without changing the chemical composition of the matter. Size, shape, color, flexibility, texture, solubility, melting point, and odor are just a few physical properties. Using these observations is helpful in classifying matter and determining which materials would be ideal for various uses. For example, something that dissolves in water would not be useful in making beverage cups.
Physical Science - Magnetic Cars: Forces And Motion, Patrick Young
Physical Science - Magnetic Cars: Forces And Motion, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Any moving electrical charge surrounds itself with a magnetic field. The electrons moving around within atoms are no exception. In most materials, the electrons are spinning and moving in random directions and their individual fields cancel out, leaving the material with no overall magnetic field. In some materials, however, the electrons can be organized so they all spin and move alike. Now their individual magnetic fields add together to produce an object with an obvious overall magnetic field.
Such an object, called a magnet, has a field with two poles, north and south. Like polls repel each other and opposite …
Earth And Space Science - Map It!: Geographical Features, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth And Space Science - Map It!: Geographical Features, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
There are many geographical features on the Earth, each with its own traits. These landforms may have been formed by plate tectonics. If tectonic plates move toward each other, and collide. The land is pushed upward resulting in hills and mountains. Sometimes plates move toward each other and one plate is forced downward into the earth creating deep trenches.
The formation of new crust and volcanoes are just two features caused by moving plates. As plates move away from one another, water may accumulate resulting in lakes, streams, and rivers. As these water shapes expand, they may change into features …
Physical Science - Heating, Cooling, And Reversibility: Changes, Patrick Young
Physical Science - Heating, Cooling, And Reversibility: Changes, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
Heating or cooling an object will always change its temperature and may alter other properties as well. The temperature change is reversible, but changes to other properties might be irreversible. Heating, in particular, often causes chemical changes in which atoms alter their bonding to form new substances. Cooking an egg changes the egg in ways that cannot be undone. It cannot be “uncooked” into a raw egg.
Phase changes are generally reversible. Water can be frozen, melted back into liquid, boiled into vapor, and then condensed back into its original liquid form. When considering a manufactured object, however, phase changes …
Life Science - Life Cycle Modeling: Plant And Animal, Elizabeth Martinez
Life Science - Life Cycle Modeling: Plant And Animal, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
All living organisms go through life cycles, which consist of stages from birth to death. While these stages are similar, the appearance of organisms in different stages varies. An awareness of child development is important to consider while teaching life cycles. Some research indicates that when a student is in second grade, there is a shift in his or her understanding of organisms, from representations based on perceptual and behavioral features to representations that are more scientific. Children may begin to understand death as the cessation of life processes at about 9 or 10. People of all ages have a …
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
No abstract provided.
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Additional Documents, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
No abstract provided.
Physical Science - Under Pressure: Matter And Its Interactions, David Hernandez, Elizabeth Martinez
Physical Science - Under Pressure: Matter And Its Interactions, David Hernandez, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Air pressure, or atmospheric pressure, is the force exerted on objects by the atmosphere. Barometers are typically used to measure atmospheric pressure. Made of a liquid filled glass tube, the level of liquid will rise when the pressure increases and fall when the pressure drops. Lower barometric pressure tends to be associated with precipitation and cloudiness, while higher readings are related to sunshine and calmer weather. Air is made of invisible particles. The density of these particles is affected by atmospheric pressure. The greater the pressure, the more densely packed the particles are. In comparison, less pressure means a lower …
Physical Science - Gravity On Earth: Gravitational Force, Patrick Young
Physical Science - Gravity On Earth: Gravitational Force, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Gravity is a curious property of our universe. Gravity causes objects to attract each other with a force. The strength of this force depends on the masses of the objects and their distance apart. The direction of the force is from the center of one object toward the center of the other. Although the force is invisible, we can observe its direction by watching how objects move in response to the force.
Physical Science - Railroad Rescue: Energy Conversion, Patrick Young
Physical Science - Railroad Rescue: Energy Conversion, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
In January of 1952, the Sierra Nevada mountains of California were stuck by a record-breaking blizzard. Railroad tracks through the mountain passes were being blocked by avalanches and snowdrifts. The tracks were generally kept clear by powerful rotary snowplows, but this blizzard was like nothing the Southern Pacific Railroad had ever seen before.
Physical Science - Energy Transfer: Heat And Light, Patrick Young, Peg Steffen
Physical Science - Energy Transfer: Heat And Light, Patrick Young, Peg Steffen
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Energy is the ability to do work. Energy can be thought of as a currency which is universally accepted as the way to make things happen. Energy can be stored in many ways and transferred from place to place in many ways.
Some of the most frequently recognized types of energy are heat and light. These, along with others, can be classified as a phenomenon known as electromagnetic radiation (EM). Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes. The visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a …
Physical Science - Classroom Detective Agency: Chemical Changes, Peg Steffen
Physical Science - Classroom Detective Agency: Chemical Changes, Peg Steffen
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Students are introduced to the differences between physical and chemical changes in simple kitchen substances that react to water and indicators in characteristic ways. The observable clues that a physical change has occurred includes changes in state such as gas, liquid, or solid. The material itself is the same before and after the change. An ice cube melting is an example of a physical change.
Earth/Space Science - But The Crust Is The Best Part: Earth Features, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth/Space Science - But The Crust Is The Best Part: Earth Features, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
The Earth’s crust is broken into pieces that are called tectonic plates. Seven major plates exist. Plates move in three ways; they may slide by one another (transform plate boundaries), run into each other (convergent plate boundaries), or move apart from one another (divergent boundaries). Movement of these plates is responsible for landforms and natural events such as earthquakes and volcanoes. Volcanoes and mountains tend to be the result of convergent plate boundaries. Earthquakes are likely to occur at transform plate boundaries. New crust is made where divergent plate boundaries exist. These actions occur on the ocean floor as well …
Earth/Space Science - Water, Water: Water Resources, Cassandra Armstrong, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth/Space Science - Water, Water: Water Resources, Cassandra Armstrong, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Water is one of the most important substances on earth and all living things depend on water to survive. In humans, water makes up 60% of adult bodies and without water humans cannot survive longer than a few days depending on activity and environmental conditions. Because water is such a vital resource we need to understand where it comes from and how to make sure we will have enough drinkable water in the future.
Earth Science - Oil Spills And Dust Bowls: Earth's Systems, Cassandra Armstrong, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Earth Science - Oil Spills And Dust Bowls: Earth's Systems, Cassandra Armstrong, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Earth is comprised of four interconnected systems: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. All of Earth’s processes are due to energy and matter cycling within and among these four systems. Because these systems are so connected, it is important to understand both individual characteristics of each system independently as well as features of their interactions with each other.
Physical Science - Speed And Energy: Diving Energy And Speed, Patrick Young
Physical Science - Speed And Energy: Diving Energy And Speed, Patrick Young
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Energy is the ability to do work. Energy can be thought of as a currency which is universally accepted as the way to make things happen. All moving objects have energy. The amount of energy depends on their speed and mass. The faster an object moves, the more energy it has, and the more work it can do on other objects with which it interacts.
Life Science - Tracking Matter: Movement Of Matter, Cassandra Armstrong
Life Science - Tracking Matter: Movement Of Matter, Cassandra Armstrong
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Energy exists in many forms and is constantly being transferred between forms. All energy types can be sorted into two main categories: potential and kinetic. Potential energy is stored energy. Chemical energy, nuclear energy, stored mechanical energy, and gravitational energy are all examples of potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Radiant (light) energy, thermal energy, sound energy, and electrical energy are all examples of kinetic energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between the types of energy. Most energy we use on Earth stems from the nuclear energy from within the sun.
Physical Science - Supervillain Detention! Properties Of Matter, Patrick Young, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Physical Science - Supervillain Detention! Properties Of Matter, Patrick Young, Peg Steffen, Elizabeth Martinez
Model NGSS Lessons: 4th - 5th Grade
Scientists and engineers need to understand the properties of the materials they use. They choose the best materials for specific projects based on the properties of the materials. For example, civil engineers must have a thorough understanding of the properties of materials that might be used to build roads, dams, or bridges and plan their designs around the materials that will be used.