International Business Commons^™

Trends. Licit And Illicit Human Trafficking: The Ultimate Violation Of Human Rights, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses human trafficking for economic reasons and its context.

Comparative Advantage In Production And Trade In Nigeria., Emmanuel U. Ukeje

Bullion

The Nigerian economy is generally large and very diverse. The country is endowed with a highly productive agricultural base and generally favourable climatic conditions, which provide the potential for intensive production, both for domestic consumption and for exports. This paper reviews the production and trade pattern in Nigeria with a view to identifying major structural changes with regard to the relative comparative advantage enjoyed by the sectors, the other parts of the paper focuses on some theoretical and conceptual issues. The rest of the paper is divided into five sections. Section 2 focuses on some theoretical and conceptual issues. Section …

Managing A Microcosm Of India, J Ramachandran

IIMB Management Review

The Tata Group, involved in diverse sectors ranging from automotives and engineering products to energy and consumer products, is held together by its common pursuit of improving the quality of life of people. The Group accomplishes this by targeting sectors that impact the national economy. Jamsetji started a steel plant because he said India must have steel. There was a bit of pioneering, patriotism and philanthropy, and of course profits all P’s by the way. In the same way, the Tata Group went into hotels, chemicals and automobiles. The Tata Group is all about leadership with trust in chosen areas …

Performance Improvement In International Environments: Designing Individual Performance Interventions To Fit National Cultures, Carol M. Sanchez

Peer Reviewed Articles

This article examines how internationalization might affect the design of individual performance improvement approaches in organizations. It begins by examining knowledge that has been learned principally from the North American context of what improves an individual's performance. Then, we discuss motivators, attitudes. and behaviors of workers and how they may vary among workers in different national cultural contexts. In short, we examine individual performance improvement for its cross‐border effectiveness, using various models of national cultural differences. By doing this, we hope to provide an understanding of how performance improvement systems might require modification to fit with non‐North American work environments.

Different Minds And Common Problems: Geert Hofstede's Research On National Cultures, Carol M. Sanchez, Dawn M. Curtis

Peer Reviewed Articles

This article discusses Geert Hofstede's work on national cultural differences. It explains how Hofstede's model of the dimensions of national culture might be of use to performance improvement professionals as they try to solve familiar, and perhaps not so familiar, problems in international settings. Hofstede's work, first published in 1980, argues that many management theories, such as those of Herzberr, Mausner, and Snyderman (1959), Maslow (1970), and McGregor (1960), are not valid worldwide be cause the authors are subject to cultural bias that is manifested in their own cultural makeup. Hofstede's research has shown that national cultures tend vary on …

Manipulating Ethos And Pathos: Accents, Product Complexity, And Promotional Messages In Chile, Victor Ramon Davila

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This dissertation is motivated by fundamental questions about source effects in persuasive communications: Do receiver attributes influence perceptions about the source and about the object of the message? Do source and object cues influence receiver perceptions about the source? Do source and object cues influence receiver perceptions about the object of the message?

Traditional conceptions of receiver responses to a source have focused on character trait inferences. Of these character trait inferences, the literature on source credibility appears to converge on two categories: source expertise and source trustworthiness. A more recent stream of research has grown around the concept of …

The Import Of Importing And Unnatural Acts: The Political Psychology Of Bioengineered Plants, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes political psychological aspects of opposition to the importing of bioengineered plants.

Trends. The People's Republic Of China And Permanent Normal Trading Relations: A Run-Up And Aftermath Of More Smoke Than Fire?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the vote of the United States (US) House of Representatives to approve permanent normal trading relations (PTNR) with the People's Republic of China (PRC). Human rights violations are discussed.

Factors Affecting Learning Effectiveness In International Joint Ventures (Ijv): An Empirical Analysis Of Indian Ijvs, Sameer P. Vaidya

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Increasing globalization of the business environment has prompted companies to form cross-border alliances. The need to form joint ventures is evident from the increase in the number of international joint ventures (IJV) in the US as well as in other nations. Researchers are also attempting to identify relationships that foster longevity in IJVs. This study contributes to the research in the field of IJVs by examining issues relating to the learning effectiveness of IJVs. Research (Harrigan, 1985; Kogut, 1998; Beamish, 1994) has shown that there are three main approaches for joint venture formation, which are transaction cost approach, strategic behavior …

Financial Information Resources For Special Librarians, Di Su

Publications and Research

Speed has always been a competitive factor and corporate asset in business world. The growth of the Internet has created an equal opportunity for information service professionals in both big and small companies to improve their efficiency. The prominent advantages of Web source are currency, accessibility, and thus, the speed. You are provided with instant updates on issues like rules, official statements, interpretations, statistics, etc., and these documents can be accessed twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are so many valuable Web sites on the Internet that it is impossible to include them all in this article, …

An Assessment Of The Links Between International Diversification, Product Diversification, Performance And Risk Within Service Corporations, Sally Ann Sledge

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

Services currently account for the dominant share of the workforce in all developed nations and are the fastest growing sector of employment in most developing nations. Services comprise approximately two-thirds of the GDP (gross domestic product) or total domestic output of final goods and services in highly industrialized nations from the OECD (Organization for Cooperation and Development). They make up almost half of the GDP in developing nations. All economic forecasts predict that services will continue to grow and account for the vast majority of future economic expansion throughout the world. Despite these facts, services have been studied infrequently among …

Explicating Sex Differences In Marketing Managers' Egoist Versus Utilitarian Ethical Orientations: The Effects Of The Enactment Of Agentic Versus Communal Social Roles, Jason Blair Macdonald

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This study examines the issue of sex differences in ethical orientations and suggests that the enactment of social roles and the associated use of information processing strategies influence the presence of sex differences in managers' ethical orientations. Managers' ethical judgments and intentions to use punishments or rewards to encourage ethical behavior are the two dependent variables in the study.

A 3 (prime: gender-role, work-role, no role) by 4 (ethical condition: positive egoist/positive utilitarian, positive egoist/negative utilitarian, negative egoist/positive utilitarian, and negative egoist/negative utilitarian) experimental design was applied in the efforts to answer the main research question: What is the role …

Trends. Labor And Environmental Standards And Human Welfare: Global Prescriptions, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the human consequences - labor and environmental impacts - of free trade, and the impact of possible standards for addressing those consequences.

The Marketing Challenge; By Laura Mazur And Annik Hogg, Hyderabad : University Press, 1998, Mithileshwar Jha

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Small Business Financing Sources And Self -Employment Trends Of Mainland And Island-Born Puerto Ricans, Yolanda Ruiz-Vargas

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

A growing interest in studying the self-employment decision can be attributed to the conventional wisdom that small business formation is necessary for economic development. Extant research has also begun to explore the self-employment determinants of emerging populations, such as immigrants and African Americans, emphasizing that there is need for better policies aimed at helping these populations. Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans epitomize this need to pursue these two areas of research. To specifically address these areas, this dissertation pursues two objectives: (1) to empirically analyze the self-employment trends of Puerto Ricans and mainland Puerto Ricans against other groups (Dominicans, Cubans, …

Searching For The Soul Of American Foreign Policy: The Cuban Embargo And The National Interest, Irving Louis Horowitz

Institute for Cuban & Cuban-American Studies Occasional Papers

No abstract provided.

Product And International Diversification Among Japanese Multinational Firms, Michael J. Geringer, Stephen Tallman, David M. Olsen

Management Faculty Publications

A study is presented that examines the relationship of performance with product and international diversification on Japanese multinational firms from 1977 to 1993. The relationships between diversification and performance are shown to change over time through the use of multiple time periods and accounting for keiretsu membership. Results show that while diversity strategies vary between keiretsu and non-keiretsu firms, performance is not much different. Across time periods, performance varies considerably, but strategies are less variable. Product diversity has weak effects on firm performance only in one time period, while international diversification has negative profitability and positive growth consequences in some …

Browsers Beware: Avoiding Legal Entanglements On The Internet, Michael Zugelder, Theresa Flaherty, James Johnson

Finance Faculty Publications

When Chicago resident David Loundy ordered a compact disk on the Internet from a British Web site, he received an e-mail confirming his order. Loundy expected to pay the advertised price of £8.99, or about $14. When he was subsequently charged £12.99, Loundy was incensed. He argued that he had accepted the set price of £8.99 and insisted that he pay no more for the disk. But when Loundy filed suit in England under the Consumer Protection Act of 1987, he was told that the Act did not apply to him because, under English common law, the place of the …

Foreign Market Entry Strategies Of Japanese Mncs, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou, Gregory E. Osland

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

While much prior research has focused on Japanese multi‐national corporations’ (MNCs) marketing strategies, little is known about the factors that influence Japanese MNCs’ foreign market entry mode choice. In this study, a survey of Japanese MNCs is conducted in order to assess the factors that are the most influential in the foreign market entry decisions of Japanese MNCs. Using bargaining power theory, eight factors are identified in the study. The findings indicate that five of the eight factors (stake of the host country, need for local contribution, riskiness of the host country, resource commitment, and host government restrictions) are significant …

Multinationality-Performance Relationship: A Review And Reconceptualization, Madan Annavarjula, Sam Beldona

WCBT Faculty Publications

Numerous empirical investigations have attempted to study the relationship between multinationality and firm performance. Results from these studies have produced conflicting findings about this relationship. It is argued that one of the causes of the conflicting findings may be an imprecise conceptualization of multinationality. A multidimensional conceptualization is proposed based on a methodological review of previous research.

The Impact Of Airline Alliances On Airlines, Saadah Huda Sholah

Student Works (2000-2009)

The study is aim at analysing airline alliances and their effect on the airlines. The effects of alliances on the factors critical to the choice of airline were ambiguous. An alliance's effect on conveniency, schedules, levels of service, reliability and other critical issues depends on the strategic decisions taken by the alliance partners. The only critical factor that is affected positively by the alliance almost without exception is the Frequent Flyer Programme that gains momentum with increased route network density. The business strategy of airlines forming collaborative alliances with each other to extend market reach, control costs and to limit …

Effects Of Globalization On The Sustainablity Of A Manufacturing Company A Case Study, Chai Hong Yeow

Student Works (2000-2009)

This case study addressed the issue of globalization effect on a Malaysian company. Business world become borderless especially with the recent advancement of telecommunication and computer technology. The case analyzed the effect of globalization on a cocoa manufacturing company. The top management has been given a business scenario using a case study methodology. ln this case analysis, in depth investigation on the management obstacles as result of globalization and strategy formulation are required to provide a remedy to the management challenges faced by the company. The analysis was performed using situation analysis, industry analysis and value chain analysis framework developed …

Lessons From The Malaysian Financial Crisis And The Tough Road Ahead For Proton, Ming Fong Khoo

Student Works (2000-2009)

The economic crisis contagion from Thailand had imposed a serious impact on Malaysia economic. In Malaysia, the currency and financial crisis became a crisis of a real economy. The Malaysia Government undertook many policies to tum around its economy. The more significant policies are capital control and fixed exchange rate implemented in September 1997. The economic and currency crisis had severe impact on automobile industry in Malaysia. All the automobile companies had implemented various strategies to overcome the economy turmoil. However, most of these strategies are reactive action and the automotive companies implement these activities to resolve immediate problem when …

Case Study : R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Malaysia, Kok Tee Lim

Student Works (2000-2009)

For this project assignment, I choose R.J. Reynolds Malaysia for my project because of a number of reasons. Firstly, there are only 3 main competitors exist in Malaysia such as Rothmans of Pall Mall, Malayan Tobacco Co and Philip Morris and the tobacco industries in Malaysia are highly regulated by government such as raising taxes, banning smoking in most public places and setting maximum limits for tar and nicotine in cigarettes can still provide competitive advantage. Furthermore, RJRM concentrates on exporting its products to Asia like Japan, Thailand, Brunei, Hong Kong and Duty Free Shops

Entry Of Proton And Perodua Into The Indian Passenger Car Market : A Study From The Marketing Perspective, Dilip Singh Mutum

Student Works (2000-2009)

Over dependence on the domestic market and weak brand image are the weaknesses of the two Malaysian car companies. Trade liberalisation under the auspices of WTO, APEC and AFTA presents both opportunities as well as threats. They can no longer depend on Government support for their survival and growth. The two companies also need to lower their dependence on foreign partners by speeding up their localisation programme. This is essential to reduce cost and be competitive when trade barriers fall. Merger or strategic alliance between the two companies may be one of the ways to remain competitive in the future. …

The Market And Ethics: The Case Of The 1994 Decision By The Clinton Administration To Delink China's Human Rights Record From Most-Favored-Nation Status, Susan C. Morris

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Amid the globalization of markets and the interdependence of states, human rights violations throughout the world still persist. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the economic interdependence of nations and the moral responsibilities of nations by examining the case of the 1994 decision by the Clinton administration to delink China's human rights practices from most-favored-nation status.

The annual 1997 Freedom House world survey of human rights rated China at its lowest point and quoted that “the regime continues to have one of the worst human rights records in the world.”1 Yet despite China's ongoing human …

An Empirical Analysis Of The Critical Determinants Affecting Commitment And Performance Of The U. S. Firm In The South African Market: Apartheid Versus Post-Apartheid, Sonja Pollard Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

Recognized by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce as one of the world's Big Emerging Markets (BEMs), South Africa has received vast attention from potential foreign investors (IRRC 1994) and has been recognized by scholars as an excellent base for research (Hofmeyr, Templer and Beaty 1994). Unfortunately, little is known about the export behavior of the foreign firm in South Africa (Calof and Viviers 1995) given the country's history of political, social and economic instability.

This dissertation is an effort to increase the understanding of the factors that contribute to the commitment and overall market performance of U.S. firms in South …

Resource Commitment, Entry Timing, And Market Performance Of Foreign Direct Investments In Emerging Economics: The Case Of Japanese International Joint Ventures In China, Takehiko Isobe, Shige Makino, David B. Montgomery

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined whether early movers and technology leaders attained superior performance in emerging economic regions. We assessed the determinants and performance consequences of two key aspects of entry strategy, resource commitment to technology transfer and timing of entry, using survey data from over 220 Sino-Japanese joint ventures (JVs) in China. Both high commitment and early entry had positive impacts on the perceived economic performance of the JVs. Yet these relationships were found to be significantly contingent on several internal and external factors, such as the strategic importance of an investment, parental control of a JV, and the availability of …

Preemption & Human Rights: Local Options After Crosby V. Nftc, Robert Stumberg

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In June 2000, the Supreme Court held in Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) that federal sanctions against Burma preempted the Massachusetts Burma law. With its "Burma Law," Massachusetts sought to replicate the anti-Apartheid boycott, one of the most successful human rights campaigns in history. Massachusetts' Burma law authorized state agencies to exercise a strong purchasing preference in favor of companies that do not conduct business in Burma unless the preference would impair essential purchases or result in inadequate competition.

In Crosby, the Court held that Congress preempted the Massachusetts Burma law when it adopted federal sanctions on …

A Review Of Palestinian Foreign Merchandise Trade Before And After The Paris Protocole, Iman Seoudi

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.