International Business Commons^™

Business Strategies In Transition Economies By M W Peng, Internationa L Business Series, Sage, 2000, Pp 322, Price: $29.95., D Sampath

IIMB Management Review

Most theories on strategy have originated from the western world, which presupposes the existence of a certain type of institutional support existing in the economy. The "core competence" of Prahl ad and Hammel, Porter's vision of competitive dynamics, and Krishna Palepu's theory on non-applicability of focussed strategies for emerging economies have unfortunately been regarded as globally applicable by academics and practitioners alike. Culture specificity of a nation, which may be under transition, and the need to reorient the strategies with culture as one of the key variables has either been ignored or scoffed at. However, it is becoming increasingly clear …

Economic Impacts Of Nafta And Transfer Pricing Legislation Along The United States-Mexico Border, Alton Henry Cook Jr.

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Economic theory predicts that small economies benefit most from regional economic integration. There is ample anecdotal evidence of the NAFTA economic benefit for Mexico in the post-Treaty expansion, both in size and number, of the many maquiladora manufacturing plants established from Matamoros to Tijuana. The U.S. is the large economy in the NAFTA regional integration arrangement. Have the Treaty economic benefits also extended to the large economy in this tripartite agreement? Employing trade data before and after NAFTA, the dissertation investigates the economic impact resulting from the Treaty for the U.S. as a whole and its sub-regions. The other purpose …

An Instance Of The Trade Between The United States And Latin America Applied To The Playground Industry, Nathalie Sandra Labre

Theses Digitization Project

This project presents the marketing strategy that should be developed in order to be successful in the Latin American market. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the market's opportunities and threats linked to the customers/consumers expectations by using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis.

Selecting International Modes Of Entry And Expansion, Gregory E. Osland, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Selecting a mode for entering or expanding in a foreign market is a crucial strategic decision for an international firm. This article identifies and compares the most influential factors that affect the international modes of entry and expansion decisions of US and Japanese firms. Using mail surveys, this is one of the first studies on this subject to collect data from top executives in both Japan and the USA. Findings reveal that the Japanese are particularly sensitive to external risk and other target market factors. For Americans, company factors, such as international experience, appear to be most important when selecting …

Export Performance Of Malaysian Frozen Shrimp Industry Against Selected Asean Countries, Chai Fong Lim

Student Works (2000-2009)

The recent liberalisation of trade in A SEAN has promoted more regional trade in shrimp among the ASEAN countries as well as trade with countries outside the region. An important issue arising from the liberalisation of trade concerns the increased pressure of competition and direct rivalry among Malaysia and the other ASEAN countries for the export of shrimps in the international markets. This paper analyses the export performance and competitiveness of Malaysian frozen shrimp against three other ASEAN countries, that is Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, in the Japanese market. Four different methods, namely constant­ market-share analysis, shift-share analysis, revealed …

Market Interdependence; Gold Bullion, S&P500, Mining Company Adr’S And Underlying Security Markets, Roberto Curci, Robert A. Clark, Cynthia J. Brown

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

The internationalization of equity markets appears to be associated with a level of interdependence and transmission of stock price movements across national markets. This study examines the responses of international and ADR securities common stimulus. The study analyzes the equity price behavior of companies engaged in the production of such companies which are cross-listed in U.S. equity markets through ADRs and in underlying economic markets.

European Banking After The Euro: Progress And Problems, William K. Templeton, Robert Clark

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

The introduction of the euro has presented the European banking industry with an opportunity to examine its structure and address its fragmentation. The leaders in European banking will evolve as the efficiencies in a single currency are realized. This article discusses the changes in European banking since the introduction of the euro, providing statistics on mergers and acquisitions and their effects on assets both inside and outside the eurozone. It considers the factors which make cross-border mergers less attractive, the effect of consolidation on costs, and the impact of the euro on foreign exchange earnings, debt markets and cash management …

An International Comparison Of Taxation Of Married Individuals: Is The "Marriage Tax" Unique To The United States?, Ralph Fritzsch, Neal Matthys, Arthur Andersen, Neal Vazante

Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Technology

The "marriage penalty" or "marriage tax" is a topic of considerable current interest. The purposes of this paper are to provide an explanation and brief example of the "marriage tax," a brief history of how it become part of the US tax code, and a comparison of how marital status affects tax liability in three other English speaking countries (Canada, England, and Australia) with progressive income taxes similar to the US.

International Corporate Governance, Diane K. Denis, John J. Mcconnell

Purdue CIBER Working Papers

We survey two generations of research on corporate governance systems around the world, concentrating on countries other than the United States. The first generation of international corporate governance research is patterned after the US research that precedes it. These studies examine individual governance mechanisms – particularly board composition and equity ownership – in individual countries. The second generation of international corporate governance research considers the possible impact of differing legal systems on the structure and effectiveness of corporate governance and compares systems across countries.

Transnational Strategy At Nestle : A Focus On Nestle Malaysia, Pin Tat Keh

Student Works (2000-2009)

Nestle is one of the few multinational companies that adopts the transnational strategy to pursue its global competitiveness. In Nestle Malaysia, it is no different with great focus on product innovation and cost leadership a real challenge to the management. With the advent of trade liberalisation upon the implementation of AFTA and WTO, it is inevitable that Nestle Malaysia should focus on its core competencies and build on its strengths as designated by the Asian Zone Management, that is to be a regional player of Milo and infant cereals In order to consolidate and build on its dominant market share …

Developing An Effective Marketing Strategy For Petlin (Ldpe), Ramu Shankar

Student Works (2000-2009)

Malaysian International Trading Corporation (MITCO), a fully owned subsidiary of Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) has been appointed to market the Low Density Polyethylene (LOPE) of PETRONAS's share to be produced by PETRONAS's joint-venture petrochemical plant called PETLIN. The plant would be on-stream (in production) at the end of the year 2001. A continued rapid growth in the low-density polyethylene (LOPE) market has been expected globally for the next 4 to 5 years although competition is being encountered from other resins such as polypropylene in the important consumer and industrial packaging market. The growing concern is that the impact of this …

The Impact Of Selective Capital Controls On The Malaysian Economy, Tengku Rethwan Tengku Mansor

Student Works (2000-2009)

The capital control policy adopted by Malaysia is a radical approach towards restoring its battered economy during the financial crisis of 1997. Such stance was taken by the Malaysian government to combat currency speculators from causing further damage to its economy as the earlier IMF-like prescription had failed. It may be an unpopular approach especially, to the advocates of the free market, nevertheless it provides an alternative solution for other countries to emulate in the event of facing such onslaught on their currency. It is also hoped that this study will serve as a reference on the subject of selective …

Money Attitude And Compulsive Buying Behaviour Among Urban Malaysians, Boon Chui Teo

Student Works (2000-2009)

This paper seeks to explore the attitude of urban Malaysians towards money, Ethnic and gender differences on their money attitude were examined. In addition to exploring money attitude, compulsive buying, a specific aspect of abnormal consumer buying was investigated. Specifically, the intent of this study is to examine the extent to which money attitude influence compulsive buying. This study involved 270 respondents from the urban areas in the Klang Valley and Kuala Lumpur and was conducted using survey approach to a convenient sample of consumers. Gresham and Fontenot's Money Attitude Scale ( 1989) and later modified to reflect money behaviour …

The Competitiveness Of Malaysia Palm Oil Export By The Year 2005, Wee Chen Liew

Student Works (2000-2009)

The palm oil production in Malaysia has been on the increased trend since it was first commercially produced. In the last 10 years its contribution towards Malaysia GDP also is shadowing the trend of the production and export. Malaysia palm oil industry is getting more competitive in recent years. Indonesia, the second largest producing country is posing a huge threat to Malaysia with their vast land and cheaper labor. Hence, it is crucial to understand the competitiveness of Malaysia palm oil industry in relation to Indonesia as well as other major oils and fats producing country. Porter Five factor analysis …

The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Manufacturing Growth In Malaysia, Ah Hoon Lee

Student Works (2000-2009)

It is generally perceived that FDI (foreign direct investment) plays an important role in economic development especially in the industrialisation process in Malaysia. The extent of FDI's contribution to manufacturing growth remains uncertain. By using econometric models, this study attempts to analyse the impact of FDI on manufacturing output, manufacturing exports, manufacturing imports and manufacturing employment generation. The empirical results showed that the impact of FDI on manufacturing output growth is not as critical as expected. However, a positive link emerges where an increase in FDI flows will increase the output growth in the next period. The study revealed that …

Opportunities For Competitive Strategy In The Malaysia's Food Industry, Kieng Yii Ng

Student Works (2000-2009)

Competition among the food industries in the local and international environment is intensifying with the opening up of the market and the growing trends towards a wider acceptance of different foods as people and products are crossing the border more freely today. In general, market trends tend to cascade down from the more developed countries to the developing countries. With this in mind, this study started with the scanning of the environment in the global market with emphasis on the food trends in developed countries namely European Union, United States and Japan. This exploratory research used mainly secondary data. With …

Issues Raised In Cross-Border Mergers, Karen Cascini, Abdel M. Agami

WCBT Faculty Publications

There has been a significant increase in the number and value of cross-border mergers among multinational businesses in recent years. Some of the reasons for this increase are due to an increase in competition, the growth in global markets, and the rapid changes in technology. In order to justify a merger, management usually claims that the merger will produce synergy. It claims that the merger will increase revenues, earnings, cash flows, the value of stockholders' equity, and will benefit society. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the issues involved in cross-border mergers among multinational businesses, suggest …

Enslaved To Fashion: Corporations, Consumers, And The Campaign For Worker Rights In The Global Economy, George Demartino

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of Levi’s Children: Coming to Terms with Human Rights in the Global Marketplace by Karl Schoenberger. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2000. 288pp.

Levi’s Children presents a sobering account of the tribulations of a transnational corporation with a heart trying its best to navigate honorably the polluted moral waters of the global economy. San Francisco-based Levi Strauss and Company, maker of the iconic Levi’s jeans and other apparel, sought to maintain a commitment to social responsibility in the face of intensifying financial pressures to do otherwise. Author Karl Schoenberger puts this account to good effect, illuminating the extraordinary …

Chapter 10: Upper-Middle-Class Politics And Policy Outcomes: Does Class Identity Matter?, Herman L. Boschken

Faculty Publications, School of Management

This chapter in Clark and lipset's book on class in American politics resulted from a multi-day workshop at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in the summer of 1999. The piece reverses the normal causality of class politics. It does not analyze citizens in elections, but government officials creating policies. It asks why policies differ across localities (specifically public transit decisions in 42 U.S. metropolitan areas). It probes how some government officials work with an "upper-middle-class" citizenry in mind, while others do so less. The chapter then tests for differences across localities and finds quite distinct patterns. The chapter …

Investigating The Effect Of The International Stock Indexes On The United States Stock Index Futures, Zehlha Illhan Ertuna

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

The futures market is used extensively for price discovery, arbitrage, and hedging. Since their introduction in the 1980's, the stock index futures have also become an active market and a very important research area. Any additional knowledge to understand the underlying effects on the index will help both investors and researchers. In this study, I examine the role of informational flow from the world's major stock markets (British, French, German, Japanese) to the U.S. futures market in terms of forming expectations, and offer new insights regarding the informational efficiency of the futures markets in an intenational perspective. State space modeling …

From Ambivalence To Activism: Australia And The Negotiation Of The 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Christopher Hubbard

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This Dissertation presents a study of Australia's involvement in the negotiation and early interpretation of the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), an instrument which remains the most important global nuclear arms control measure in international law. Using data from recently released Australian government documents, the study analyses the process by which Australia was transformed from an ambivalent nuclear sceptic within the Western alliance, into a steadfast global campaigner against the spread of nuclear weapons. It concludes that Australia's urgent search during 1967 and 1968 for coherence in its policy on nuclear weapons acquisition, largely played out within sections of the …

Manufacturing And Supply Chain Management In China:: A Survey Of State-, Collective-, And Privately-Owned Enterprises, David Pyke Phd, Ma, Mba, Ba, David Robb Phd, Mba, Be, John Farley Phd

School of Business: Faculty Scholarship

Because of the booming economy, interest in China has soared in recent years. The government has decided to privatize many State-owned enterprises (SOEs), so foreigners can much more easily invest in existing firms than ever before. Is it wise to consider investing in these SOEs? Certainly, many have major problems. How sophisticated are Chinese manufacturing firms? Do they understand modern principles of manufacturing strategy and supply chain management? What is the level of installed technology, from traditional production planning systems, like MRP, to robotics? This paper attempts to answer these questions based on a survey of 100 firms in the …

The Etic/Emic Dimensions Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior In Mexico: A Cross -Cultural Research Study, Luis Ortiz

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The purpose of this dissertation is to use field research data gathered from Mexican maquiladora administrative professionals in order to develop a new scale of Mexican Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (MOCB—“going beyond the norm”). A major tenet from the literature states that to correctly capture an entire phenomenon such as MOCBs in a different culture, researchers must use both the emic/etic dyad, triangulation, and should use employee samples.

The methodology in this dissertation utilizes a preliminary study and a main study. The first study uses two large multinational enterprises (MNEs) to empirically test six propositions. The preliminary study determined that organizational …

An Analysis Of Financial Issues Faced By Microenterprises In Mexico, Heikki Heino

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The economic and social role of microenterprises in developing countries is well recognized. Research has shown that the importance of microenterprises in economic development derives from the fact that small firms use labor intensively rather than capital. In the case of Mexico, microenterprises employ over 20 percent of the working age population. Moreover, from 1991 to 1995 the number of microenterprises operating in Mexico increased from 5.7 to 6.1 million firms.

Given the role that microenterprises play in employment creation, a natural research question that arises is then, “how microenterprises are created and survive under credit market imperfections.” A general …

Sectoral Labor Choice In Post-Revolutionary Nicaragua: The Evolution Of The Informal Labor Sector In The 1990s, Michael Jack Pisani

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This dissertation focuses on the contemporary informal labor sector in Nicaragua. Central to the study are four research questions concerning the informal labor sector in Nicaragua; they are: (1) Are Nicaraguans positively or negatively selected into the informal/formal sector? That is, do Nicaraguans participate in their respective sector by choice (e.g., positive selection) or by force (e.g., negative selection)? (2) Are Nicaraguans working in the informal sector queued to work in the formal sector? (3) How has the queue changed, if any, for informal sector workers desiring formal sector employment over the course of the 1990s? and, (4) How have …

Motives For Corporate Philanthropy In El Salvador: Altruism And Political Legitimacy, Carol M. Sanchez

Peer Reviewed Articles

This paper discusses how Salvadoran companies practice corporate philanthropy in El Salvador, and what might motivate it. First, I briefly discuss three principal theories of corporate philanthropy, and explore some current trends in international corporate philanthropy to highlight some of the motives Salvadoran companies may have to participate in charitable activities. Then, I discuss the history of the Salvadoran private sector to help us understand philanthropic activity today. Next, I suggest that philanthropic acts by Salvadoran firms are driven by altruistic and politically strategic motives, and reflect individualistic and paternalistic attitudes. In the discussion, I include examples of Salvadoran corporate …

Nationalism In The People's Republic Of China: A Consequential Chameleon, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes how nationalism among political leaders in the People's Republic of China (PRC) can be the linchpin of divergent views on the desirability of the PRC's future in a globalized economy.

Trends. Blowing Smoke: Tobacco Machinations And The World Health Organization, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses actions of agents of the tobacco industry and their attempts to undermine World Health Organization (WHO) tobacco control activities as reported in a WHO report.

The Antecedents And Consequences Of Customer Loyalty: The Roles Of Customer Satisfaction And Consumer Trust -Commitment, Sergio Alonso

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The objective of this dissertation is to develop and test a model of customer loyalty. This model can help explain the process that a customer follows to pledge loyalty, sometimes even subconsciously, to a product or service provider. From the provider's perspective, this process enables a firm to have a superior marketing performance based on the consideration that a loyal customer always is going to repurchase from the same provider. The whole model is composed of two sides: the firm and the consumer side. The firm is the entity that starts the process with the production of a consumer value …

Women's Income-Generating Activities In Turkey, Nihan Kayaardi

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Home working has recently reemerged in both less-developed and developed countries. It is observed in both unskilled and highly skilled work. In general, there are no estimates of the number of women who bring work into their homes. Home working is part of the informal economy that is disguised and shadowed in the economy. Most of this type of employment is hidden in official statistics. In Turkey, for example the female informal labor force is about 68% (Kumbetoglu, 1993). Most of the work done by the women is piecework, and their earnings depend on the piece-rate.

This thesis utilizes existing …