Business Commons^™

"The Small Differences And Large Similarities To The Old Sales Paradigm" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Social Entrepreneurship, Public Benefit, And The Exclusivity Through Purpose" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. In the United States there has been the development of a relatively new category of for-profit enterprise that focuses on a public good that occurs directly as a consequence of the company’s operation. Unlike a tax exempt, nonprofit charity which can have no shareholders, the public benefit corporation allows for shareholders and profits, but it also allows management great flexibility in transferring the profits of the enterprise to …

"The Opportunity For Relevance—Creating Innovation And Relieving Stressors" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Reflecting Value In Intangibles: Proving The Worth Of Intellectual Property" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. One of the more challenging aspects of developing a company based on intellectual property assets is the challenge in valuing those assets for the purpose of both lenders and investors. As a general matter, the intellectual property assets created by a company are not reflected as having value on the company’s books. As the WIPO primer on intellectual property for small business explains, “[t]he practice of extending loans …

Why Can't We Be Friends? Examining The Benefits And Challenges Of Maintaining Your Friends Of The Library, Maureen Rust, Julia Stringfellow

Library Scholarship

One of the most fruitful collaborative relationships a library can have is with its Friends of the Library organization, providing that group is vibrant and progressive. This article provides insight into the history of the Friends of the Library group at a regional comprehensive university since its founding in 1962 to nearly becoming defunct in 2015. The steps taken in the transformation of the Friends of the Library since then from an inactive group with no clear direction, to a robust organization with an active board who have identified goals and strategies for successful library advocacy are described. The work …

The Pay Equity Dilemma Women Face Around The World, Lana D. Mcmurray

Honors Undergraduate Theses

In this research, I examine the pay equity dilemma women face around the world and how it is different in various regions of the world. My research question focuses on “how a nation’s cultural characteristics affect pay equity?” It is already documented that men are paid more than women. The goal of this study is to explain how individual characteristics of national culture (such as masculinity, individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance) impacts this inequality. By increasing the understanding of pay inequality, changes can be made that will improve the lives of not just women but the families of those …

Marketing Practices Of Socially Responsible And Sustainable Businesses, Brooke A. Bivins

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The topic of this research is marketing practices of socially responsible and sustainable businesses. It examines the strategies companies and brands use to represent themselves to the public through products, advertising, and philanthropy. This includes an evaluation of existing frameworks and case studies, as well as in-depth interviews. The question that this research will answer is as follows: How can new or existing companies embrace and integrate social responsibility or sustainability in a way that is authentic and contributes to a positive public reputation?

Younger generations are increasingly willing to switch to and, in some cases, pay more for products …

The Fat Leading The Thin: Relative Body Size, Physical Activity Identification, And Behavioral Problems, Andrew C. Pickett, George B. Cunningham

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Though sport and physical activity participation are key elements of a healthy lifestyle, anti-fat biases serve as barriers to active living, leaving a large population segment underserved. This stigma also creates thin body standards for people working in sport and physical activity, including instructors. In this study, the authors conducted an experiment to explore how instructor and participant body size interact to influence activity identification and subsequent intentions to be physically active. Results indicate that larger-bodied participants were more identified when working with a larger instructor. For thinner participants, there were no significant differences in identification related to instructor body …

Esports Venues: A New Sport Business Opportunity, Seth E. Jenny, Margaret C. Keiper, Blake J. Taylor, Dylan P. Williams, Joey Gawrysiak, R. Douglas Manning, Patrick M. Tutka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Typically played via the Internet, eSports (organized competitive video gaming) is becoming a global phenomenon. The popularity of video games and the desire to spectate online and in-person gaming has amplified as Internet-based gaming has improved. eSports competitions are hosted all around the world, but particularly in the United States, Europe, and Asia. While eSports-specific venues are increasingly being built, many venues that host eSports competitions were constructed primarily for other professional sports or entertainment. These entertainment facilities must attract popular financially beneficial events in order to survive. eSports events have great potential to fit this mold. This paper briefly …

Factors Impacting Ticket Price Paid By Consumers On The Secondary Market For A Major Sporting Event, Nels Popp, Stephen Shapiro, Patrick Walsh, Chad Mcevoy, Jason Simmons, Stephen Howell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In an era of dynamically priced tickets, sport marketers benefit from a greater understanding of factors impacting the price consumers are willing to pay. Past research has investigated external factors affecting ticket price on the secondary market, but little work has investigated internal factors and no prior research has utilized actual price paid as a dependent variable. The current study found age, income, prior attendance, timing of purchase, and seat location influenced secondary ticket price paid, explaining 44.9% of the variance, while fan identification and alumni status did not impact the amount patrons paid for tickets to a major college …

Rivalry Versus Hate: Measuring The Influence Of Promotional Titles And Logos On Fan Rival Perceptions, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Frederick G. Grieve

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study used an experimental design to examine how exposure to promotional titles and logos can influence fan rival perceptions. Students attending two schools that moved athletic conferences, and therefore, began rivalries with teams in their new conference, were exposed to either a neutral or negative fabricated title and logo meant to promote the new rivalry. They then reported their perceptions of the rival team. Results showed that students exposed to the neutral title were less likely to support their rival against another team than students exposed to the negative title. Further, students exposed to the negative title believed …

An Analysis Of Running Event Consumer Behaviors, Thomas Aicher, Jason Simmons, Alicia Cintron

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to examine the motives, constraints, and event selection factors affecting consumers’ decisions to participate in running events, specifically for a running festival in the Midwest United States. In partnership with a large running festival in the Midwest United States, data were collected via an online questionnaire. In total, 1,650 individuals completed a portion of the survey with 1,235 completing the additional questions for this investigation yielding a 74% completion rate. Based on the results of this study, runners’ autonomous motivation was significantly greater among those who participated in more events or longer distances during …

The Loud Crowd: Using Vocal Responses To Understand The Emotional Experiences Of Spectators, Matthew Katz, Bob Heere, Katherine Reifurth

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Much research has been conducted on the relationship between emotions and the sport experience, but most research in this field has used survey data, which has proven to have many limiting factors when attempting to measure emotions. Rather than relying on surveys, the present study uses a more direct measure of consumer emotion: sound. By measuring the variations in sound levels among sport attendees, the present study provides an exploratory study of sport fan emotions through behavioral indicators of emotional experiences rather than cognitive recall. Our results indicate that the strongest vocal responses were consistently in response to surprising plays, …

An Explorative Investigation Of Referee Abuse In English Rugby League, Tom Webb, Mike Rayner, Richard Thelwell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This article explored the experiences of 89 rugby league referees in England who undertook a mixed methods online survey from the January 9 to March 31, 2017. The results of the survey produced rich data from the open responses, and the quantitative measures are used to support these open responses. Findings identified an established culture of abuse towards referees, a refereeing workforce requiring greater support, better communication with the governing body and, therefore, revisions to existing policy and training. Conclusions identified specific recommendations and policy implications to improve the operational environment and working conditions and increased support for referees. Subscribe …

Lifelong Female Engagement In Sport: A Framework For Advancing Girls’ And Women’S Participation, Norm O'Reilly, Michelle Brunette, Cheri Bradish

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In a collaborative and nationwide project, the authors examined the status and challenges of girls’ and women’s participation in sport in Canada through a comprehensive literature review, extensive secondary research, a representative survey with Canadian females, and a survey and consultations with leading female sport experts. This multi-level analysis led to the development of a framework for advancing girls’ and women’s participation in sport to guide stakeholders’ actions at the system, organization, and individual levels to improve the state of girls’ and women’s lifelong engagement in sport. Subscribe to JASM

Records Of The Pentecostal Publishing Company And Morrison Theological Trust Arc1987-002 - Finding Aid, Ats Special Collection And Archives

Finding Aids

No abstract provided.

2018 Formula Sae Michigan Cost Report: Abbreviated Version, Rachel Rodgers

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Formula SAE Michigan is a collegiate design competition held every year at Michigan International Speedway. The University of Akron Zips Racing competes against 120 other teams in eight different events. The cost event requires a costed bill of materials and outline of how the team's open-wheel formula car is built. The event is scored on the car's total cost, the report's accuracy, and how students redesign components to meet a cost standard. This project is an abbreviated version of the cost report submitted for the 2018 Formula SAE Michigan event. Part drawings have been redacted due to their proprietary nature.

Impact Of Probable And Guaranteed Monetary Value On Cybersecurity Behavior Of Users, Santhosh Kumar Ravindran

Masters Theses

"This research examines the impact of probable and guaranteed monetary gains and losses on users' cybersecurity behavior. It also examines perceptual outcomes such as threat severity, trust, and fear that are associated with users' cybersecurity behavior. Drawing on Prospect Theory in the behavioral economics and decision-making literature, hypotheses were generated for the research. The hypotheses state that: (i) users are more willing to engage in risky computer security behavior to avoid a loss than to receive a gain, (ii) users exhibit a higher tipping point of expected monetary value to receive a gain than to avoid a loss for engaging …

God’S Grace And The Marketplace: Mainline Protestant Church, Faith And Business, Sarah Helene Duggin

Scholarly Articles

This paper explores the engagement of Mainline Churches with business ethics in the workplace and offers some ideas for how Mainline churches can participate more fully in the work that needs to be done. Part I suggests that, for many years, Mainline churches were less active than one might expect in supporting the development of robust faith perspectives on business ethics, and it identifies possible cultural, financial, and structural factors why this may be so. Many of these factors are common to other religious traditions, although some are particularly relevant to Mainline denominations. The discussion in Part II begins with …

A Data-Driven And Mixed Methods Analysis Of Automotive Retail Operations Management, Mark Allen Colosimo

Wayne State University Dissertations

The importance of effective retail operations management has never been more significant. Our research aims to expand the understanding for efficiency and dynamics of franchise outlets within retail networks with a focus on sales performance and profitability. The focus and contribution is the development of an actionable data analytics driven process by which automotive dealerships (retail outlets) can be analyzed to identify areas of opportunity for improvement. In general, automotive dealerships aim to sell product to make a profit, the manufacturer of the product/brand desires to sell vehicles to make a profit, and the customer desires to find a suitable …

Exploring The Leading Factors Associated With Absenteeism And Presenteeism In A Call Centre, Keith O'Mahony

Masters

High absenteeism levels, which have become synonymous with the call centre industry, have a detrimental impact on the delivery of contractual requirements, as well as the quality of service provided to customers. Conversely, presenteeism has less of an established association with call centres, primarily due to it being a relatively recent phenomenon. It is recognised, however, that both constructs have a negative effect on productivity and cost. Furthermore, presenteeism presents an incredible opportunity to reveal the unknowns that exist between absenteeism, no productivity, and maximum work engagement. This thesis focuses on identifying the leading factors correlated with absenteeism and presenteeism …

The Impact Of Entrepreneurship Education On Graduate Employability: A Cross Country Comparison, Rebecca Victoria Robinson

Masters

This thesis identifies and addresses a major gap in Entrepreneurship Education (EE) research. Specifically, it focuses on the entrepreneurial skills and attitudes embedded in employability skills. It tests the widely accepted assertion that employers desire more well-rounded graduates who possess entrepreneurial skills. Pittaway and Cope (2007) highlight an absence of evidence in the literature establishing a link between EE and employability skills.

It is the intersection of EE and graduate employability that provides the context for this study. This study examines the knowledge, skills and attitudes resulting from education and, in particular, from EE and ascertains the extent to which …

Interpersonal Affect, Accountability And Experience In Auditor Fraud Risk Judgments And The Processing Of Fraud Cues, Jennifer Schafer, Brad Schafer

Faculty Articles

This paper examines whether auditors’ affect toward client management influences fraud likelihood judgments and whether accountability and experience with fraud risk judgments moderate this effect. This research also explores the process by which affect influences fraud judgments by examining affect’s influence on the evaluation of fraud evidence cues. Results indicate that more positive affect toward the client results in lower fraud likelihood judgments. Accountability is found to moderate this effect, but only for experienced auditors. These findings have implications for fraud brainstorming sessions where all staff levels provide input into fraud risk assessments and because client characteristics are especially salient …

Going Beyond Ethics And Compliance: The Growing Corporate Movement To Embrace Social Value Creation, Seth J. Green

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A growing number of companies are embracing social value creation as a core part of their business strategy. This Essay illuminates why businesses are increasingly committed to doing well and doing good and then analyzes how corporate law is evolving to support this growing corporate movement.

The Evolving Nature Of Asset Price Bubbles, Financial Instability And Monetary Policy, A. (Tassos) G. Malliaris

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper links the bursting of the housing asset price bubble around 2007 in the U.S. to the instability that arose in financial markets with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, and both of these to the Great Recession and the unconventional monetary policy that followed. Similar narratives about the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the Crash of 1987 and the Internet Bubble of 2000 are briefly presented to show their evolving financial nature, describe the financial instabilities produced by them and their costs and, finally examine the responses initiated, primarily, by monetary policy. This analytical synopsis of …

Consumers' Management Of Risk In Daily Life Through Digital Virtual Consumption, Jenna M. Drenten, Linda Tuncay Zayer

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The term “risky consumption” elicits visions of extreme contexts, such as leaping from a moving airplane at 30,000 feet above ground or using illicit hallucinogenic drugs. However, this study aims to answer the call for understanding risk that is inherent in consumers’risk-laden life events. Specifically, we examine the process by which consumers use digital virtual consumption (DVC) to negotiate tensions related to risk and the implications that this process holds for consumers’ identity narratives. Findings demonstrate how consumers, upon a triggering risk-laden life event, can turn to DVC to both cope with risk, as well as to engage in pleasurable …

Profitability Strategies For Small And Medium Entrepreneurs In Michigan, Dritan Pepaj

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small businesses create 50% of all jobs in the United States, but at least 50% of all newly founded small businesses have failed since 2006, and only 1/3 have survived beyond 10 years. Small businesses have a high chance of failure in the first 5 years due to a lack of sustainable strategies. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies small business owners need to sustain their business beyond 5 years in a purposefully chosen county in Michigan. A conceptual framework was constructed based on the stakeholder theory and its derived theories to provide a …

Leadership Skills To Sustain High-Tech Entrepreneurial Ventures, Zoaib Z. Rangwala

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High-tech (HT) innovation-oriented entrepreneurs start 35% more ventures and create 10% more jobs in the first 5 years of operation than the rest of the private sector and drive significant economic growth across all industries; however, more than 50% of the entrepreneurial HT ventures fail during the first 5 years of operations. Guided by the conceptual framework of transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multicase study was to explore skills used by successful entrepreneurial leaders to sustain their HT ventures in Silicon Valley, California. Data collection was from 8 participants in semistructured 1-on-1 interviews and 3 participants in a …

Financial Strategies For Sustaining Small Businesses, Jennifer Cummings

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A failure of a small business has a negative impact on the economic health of the community where the small business operates. Small businesses are significant entities in economies around the world, but small businesses have a high failure rate. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore what financial strategies small business manufacturing leaders use to increase productivity and profitability to sustain the business for longer than 5 years. The population for this study was three small manufacturing business owners in Pennsylvania who have been in business over 5 years and have used financial strategies to increase …

Virtual Leadership In Complex Multiorganizational Research And Development Programs, Gariann Marie Gelston

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A 2002 congressional mandate initiated the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Centers of Excellence programs with a requirement to conduct cross-organizational research and development. The resulting complex multiorganizational programs required more effective virtual leadership and management strategies. Fifteen years later, the presidential budget showed that 61% of the DHS budget was targeted for such research and development. The complex management strategies and virtual leadership skills required to lead the programs were lacking, as top scientific researchers are drawn upon to manage programs. The purpose of this study was to understand followers' perspectives regarding virtual leadership and collaboration within complex …