Business Commons^™

Gap, Inc., Jeffrey S. Harrison, Caroline Broadfoot, Julie Farmer, Surabhi Vittal

Robins Case Network

Sonia Syngal was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Gap Inc. in March of 2020. In an interview with the Stanford Graduate School of Business, Syngal directly addressed the 70% loss of revenue and $140 million in cash spending per week that occurred at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how she plans to lead the executive leadership team to redefine their purpose. Syngal emphasized the decision to become “inclusive by design” and to use that as Gap’s guiding North Star as it makes decisions, both big and small, going forward.

Gap, previously known as The Gap Stores, …

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems And Industry Knowledge: Does The Winning Region Take All?, Yating Li, Martin Kenney, Donald Patton, Abraham Song

All Faculty Open Access Publications

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) are composed not only of startups but also the organizations that support them. Theory has been ambivalent about whether an EE is spatially bounded or includes distant organizations. This exploratory study uses a time series of all Internet industry initial public offerings (IPO) to explore the locational changes not only of startups but also four key EE service providers: lawyers, investment bankers, venture capitalists, and board directors. We find that while the startups became only slightly more concentrated, the EE service providers concentrated more rapidly, as an industry center in Silicon Valley emerged. Our results suggest that …

Technology, Gender And Organizations: A Systematic Mapping Study, Gonzalo Valdes, Bobbi Thomason, Andrea Bentancor, Isidora Jeria, Constanza Troncoso

All Faculty Open Access Publications

In this article, we employed a systematic mapping methodology to examine the existing literature at the intersection of technology, gender and organizations. While much has been written about gender in organizations, the research has not consistently considered that modern organizations are increasingly technology-driven - in technology may lie an underexplored lever that could help expand our understanding of gender issues at the workplace. By analyzing a final sample of 168 research papers, we found that two main forms of conceptualizing technology emerged: technology as culture and technology as tools. Papers in the first category are concerned with environments in which …

Tax Implications Of The Infrastructure Investment And Jobs Act, Michelle Freeman

ETSU Faculty Works

On Nov. 15, 2021, President Biden signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act into law. The purpose of this legislation is evident in its name as it encompasses funding for “roads, bridges, railroads, airports, public transportation, access to broadband internet, and clean water” (Stradling, 2021). The revenue to support the $1.2 trillion Act will mainly result from “repurposing COVID-19 relief funds and unused unemployment benefits, delaying a Medicare rebate, and enacting stronger cryptocurrency reporting requirements" (Stradling, 2021). Although there are few provisions in this Act that will affect the average taxpayer, there are some that tax preparers should note.

Medst 260: Advertising And Marketing, Mara Einstein

Open Educational Resources

Introductory course to Advertising and Marketing.

The Role Of Digital Channels In Predicting Objective And Subjective Negotiation Outcomes, Roshni Raveendhran, Tami Kim, Ji Woon Ryu

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Today’s hiring and workplace communications are increasingly occurring in the digital space, a trend accelerated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In two preregistered experiments and an internal meta-analysis, we test the subjective and objective impact of two digital channels—video and synchronous text—that are popularly used in today’s workplace contexts. In doing so, we isolate the role that richness of digital channels plays in influencing negotiation outcomes while holding synchrony constant. Specifically, we predicted that negotiating via video (vs. synchronous text) will foster better integrative outcomes and improve negotiators’ subjective outcomes. Results indicated that negotiating via video, compared to synchronous …

Raleigh Hills Medical Center, Raleigh Hills, Oregon, Andrew Tucker, Anthony Bertenelli, Dan Noyes, Karisa Caracol, Matthew Koenigs

Real Estate Development Workshop Projects

Dogwood Development Group proposes a 2 Story Medical Office Building located at 7023 SW Beaverton Hillsdale Hwy, Portland, OR 97225 - on the corner of the impressive 6-way intersection of Scholls Ferry Rd, Oleson Rd, and the Hwy.

The site consists of 3 contiguous parcels, totaling 2.65 acres of rare undeveloped land within the heart of the Raleigh Hills town center area. Currently occupying the easternmost parcel is a longstanding veterinarian office ran by Dr. Daryl B Leu, the owner of the site.

The site presents a few notable challenges due to its proximity to the intersection, access to the …

Reconstructability Analysis: Discrete Multivariate Modeling, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

An introduction to Reconstructability Analysis for the Discrete Multivariate Modeling course and for other purposes.

Do Different Data Analytics Impact Auditors' Decisions?, J F. Brazel, Efosa Ehimwenma, Jared Koreff

School of Business Faculty Research

Global stakeholders have expressed interest in increasing the use of data analytics throughout the audit process. While data analytics offer great promise in identifying auditrelevant information, auditors may not use this information to its full potential, resulting in a missed opportunity for possible improvements to audit quality. This article summarizes a study by Koreff (2022) that examines whether conclusions from different types of data analytical models (anomaly vs. predictive) and data analyzed (financial vs. non-financial), result in different auditor decisions. Findings suggest that when predictive models are used and identify a risk of misstatement, auditors increase budgeted audit hours more …

The Vanishing Tuition Quandary: A Responsibility Accounting Case Study, Bonnie R. Albritton, Amy Foshee Holmes, Janet R. Jones

School of Business Faculty Research

Hidden Gem University is evaluating the profitability of each of its degree programs. The MBA program is growing but the operating income on the performance report is negative, which makes the program a target for possible discontinuance in the interest of the financial health of the University. In this case, students will evaluate the given report and various costs allocated to the MBA program to prepare an updated performance report. Accounting concepts such as cost behavior, flexible budgets, and responsibility accounting are integrated into this case study to encourage students to critically think about how these concepts interconnect and apply …

Collected Papers (On Neutrosophics Theory And Applications), Volume Xii, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This twelfth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers comprising 976 pages on Neutrosophic Theory and Applications, published between 2013-2021 in the international journal and book series NSS by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 112 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 21 countries.

A Spatial Analysis Of Smart Meter Adoptions: Empirical Evidence From The U.S. Data, Yue Gao, Chao Fang, Jing Zhang

School of Business

With the increasing demand on grid modernization for improving environmental sustain-ability and grid security, the topic of smart meter adoption has attracted much attention, especially with regard to the roles of public policies. However, there is a lack of research investigating the association between the multi-layered government policies and smart meter adoption from a spatial perspective to explain the variant adoption rates across the United States. This study constructs a panel of 48 contiguous U.S. states and the District of Columbia over the period 2007–2019. Using this unique dataset and spatial econometric models, we investigate the impacts of federal and …

The Game Of Teaching Resource Allocation, Ryan Samuel Sale

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

In response to the increased prevalence of remote learning, and exhortation that educators adopt more experiential pedagogy, a methodology is presented to use a free, commercially available game to teach a variety of resource allocation problems in various disciplines. The use of games to provide experiential learning has been shown to increase student enjoyment and mastery of learning outcomes. The technique is appropriate for students at different levels from secondary school through graduate-level university instruction. The lack of cost to the student or university coupled with the ease of adaptability of the game makes the technique widely available to all …

Smart Heuristics For Individuals, Teams, And Organizations, Gerd Gigerenzer, Jochen Reb, Shenghua Luan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Heuristics are fast, frugal, and accurate strategies that enable rather than limit decision making under uncertainty. Uncertainty, as opposed to calculable risk, is characteristic of most organizational contexts. We review existing research and offer a descriptive and prescriptive theoretical framework to integrate the current patchwork of heuristics scattered across various areas of organizational studies. Research on the adaptive toolbox is descriptive, identifying the repertoire of heuristics on which individuals, teams, and organizations rely. Research on ecological rationality is prescriptive, specifying the conditions under which a given heuristic performs well, that is, when it is smart. Our review finds a relatively …

The Moderating Effect Of Solar Radiation On The Association Between Human Mobility And Covid-19 Infection In Europe, Wenyu Zhao, Yongjian Zhu, Jingui Xie, Zhichao Zheng, Haidong Luo, Oon Cheong Ooi

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Some studies have suggested a negative association between sunlight intensity and COVID-19 infection, alluding to the belief that it might be safe to go out on sunny days. This paper examined whether solar radiation mitigated the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in Europe using a dynamic panel data model to investigate the effect of human mobility, solar radiation, and their interaction on COVID-19 infection. The results revealed that outgoing mobility was positively correlated and solar radiation was negatively correlated with COVID-19 infection at lag levels of 1, …

Charitable Organizations In Singapore: From Clan Based To State Facilitated Endeavors, Hang Wu Tang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Singapore, with a five million population, has a vibrant charitable sector with over 2000 registered charities attracting approximately USD$2.18 billion in annual donations. How did Singapore’s charitable sector achieve its current level when it has been, in the past, segregated along mainly religious, race and clan-based communities? This paper explores this question by piecing together the current ecosystem, regulatory and tax infrastructure which facilitates the charitable sector in Singapore. Central to the development of the charitable sector has been the Singapore government’s role of being a gatekeeper, regulator and enabler of charities. In analysing the government’s role in the charitable …

Do Sequels Outperform Or Disappoint? Insights From An Analysis Of Amazon Echo Consumer Reviews, Kyong Jin Shim, Siaw Ling Lo, Su Yee Liew

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rapid technological advances in recent years drastically transformed our world. Amidst modern technological inventions such as smart phones, smart watches and smart home devices, consumers of electronic digital devices experience greatly improved automation, productivity, and efficiency in conducting routine daily tasks, information searching, shopping as well as finding entertainment. In the last few years, the global smart speaker market has undergone significant growth. As technology continues to advance and smart speakers are equipped with innovative features, the adoption of smart speakers will increase and so will consumer expectations. This research paper presents an aspect-specific sentiment analysis of consumer reviews of …

Defining Smart Contract Defects On Ethereum, Jiachi Chen, Xin Xia, David Lo, John Grundy, Xiapu Luo, Ting Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Smart contracts are programs running on a blockchain. They are immutable to change, and hence can not be patched for bugs once deployed. Thus it is critical to ensure they are bug-free and well-designed before deployment. A Contract defect is an error, flaw or fault in a smart contract that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. The detection of contract defects is a method to avoid potential bugs and improve the design of existing code. Since smart contracts contain numerous distinctive features, such as the gas system. decentralized, it is important …

Information Systems Analysis And Design: Past Revolutions, Present Challenges, And Future Research Directions, Keng Siau, Carson Woo, Veda C. Storey, Roger H.L. Chiang, Cecil Eng Huang Chua, Jon W. Beard

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

Systems Analysis and Design (SAND) is Undoubtedly a Pillar in the Field of Information Systems (IS). Some Researchers Have Even Claimed that SAND is the Field that Defines the Information Systems Discipline and is the Core of Information Systems. the Past Decades Have Seen the Development of Structured SAND Methodologies and Object-Oriented Methodologies. in the Early 1990s, Key Players in the Field Collaborated to Develop the Unified Modeling Language and the Unified Process. Agile Approaches Followed, as Did Other Dynamic Methods. These Approaches Remain Heavily Employed in the Development of Contemporary Information Systems. at the Same Time, New Approaches Such …

To Blow Or Not To Blow The Whistle? An Islamic Framework, Dina El-Bassiouny, Amr Kotb, Hany Elbardan, Noha El-Bassiouny

All Works

In this paper, we draw upon Islamic teachings to address two questions. How do Islamic ethics deepen and advance our understanding of the whistleblowing act? To what extent are Islamic ethics of whistleblowing promoted in practice? First, we have undertaken a thematic content analysis of the holy book of Qur’an, supported by the Sunnah (Prophetic Traditions). This has yielded a novel Islamic ethics-based framework of whistleblowing comprising the five aspects of the whistleblowing process: What should one blow the whistle about? Who should blow the whistle? Why should one blow the whistle? How should one blow the whistle? And to …

Social Media Influencers: Talk Is Not Cheap!, Antoinette Okono

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Social media influencers are digital opinion leaders who have amassed large followings on social media. Through their content and communication on social commerce platforms, and social networking sites, social media influencers can influence their audience's attitude towards brands and encourage purchase decisions. This paper explores the impact of social media influencers on the relationship between social commerce and purchase intention. Since the relationship between social commerce and purchase intention has been thoroughly examined by researchers, I discover through reviewing the literature how an independent entity can impact social media consumers' attitudes and purchase decisions. Specifically, I analyze the social commerce …

Nostalgia As A Tactic For Marketers: The Use Of Retro Marketing To Entice Consumer Purchase, Cortnee Y. Bunch

AMTP Proceedings 2022

In marketing, nostalgia involves linking a product, service, or brand to the past to create an emotional connection. While it has existed in marketing positioning for some time, it has become a strategy that marketers can take advantage of through retro marketing. Retro marketing involves relaunching a product or service brand from an earlier period, by using familiar packaging or product designs, to evoke a nostalgic connection among consumers (Brown et al., 2003). Through the effective use of brand attitude, product experience, and brand preference, companies small and large can use retro marketing to create a competitive advantage and entice …

You Don't Belong: Exploring Luxury Branding Strategy, Lauren E. Beverly, Jamye Foster

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Luxury branding strategies create impressions of exclusivity which is transmitted into the brand’s products and retail spaces. Exclusivity is a necessary component to create consumer desire despite limitations of accessibility, time, effort, and pricing. A new population of aspirational shoppers, known as Chandlers, highly value exclusive brands as they increase perceptions of social status. This study will examine the impact of loud vs. discrete luxury branding on perceptions of brand status and browsing intentions, and the moderating impact of the Chandler effect.

Empathy, Altruism, Csr, And Consumer Buycott Behavior During Covid 19: Lessons Learned, Ania Izabela Rynerzewska, Eliza Hetrick

AMTP Proceedings 2022

As Covid-19 became a global pandemic, life as businesses and consumers know it changed dramatically. Suddenly, in-person shopping became rare while social distancing and working remotely became common practice. The impact of Covid-19 reached beyond the obvious death toll and economic recession and contributed to a shift in what is considered relevant and what is secondary. This study analyzed the impact of consumer levels of altruism and empathy on interest in Covid-19 exacerbated topics like employee treatment, social justice, and the environment. Further, this study emphasized the importance of CSR efforts supporting current topics, which have been found to contribute …

Supply Chain Resilience And Agility During Covid19: The Case Of Automobile Manufacturing, Leor Ben-Meir, Steve Lemay, Dave Mcmahon

AMTP Proceedings 2022

In this paper, we examine disruptions in the automobile manufacturing supply chain that resulted from the COVID19 pandemic. We explore the relationships between organizational resilience and agility and supply chain resilience and agility. We frame this exploration in terms of rare earth elements (REEs) and microchips, supplies that come from Tier 3 and Tier 4 in the automobile supply chain. We look at some adaptations made by Volkswagen to adapt to these disruptions but note that organizational resilience and adaptation does not always result in supply chain adaptation.

The Application Of Kahneman’S Concepts To Marketing Police In Ontario, Canada, Pritpal Thind, Steve Lemay, Dave Mcmahon

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Marketing concepts are rarely applied to policing, although for most modern societies it is an essential function and part of the social contract between governments at all levels and the publics they serve. In this paper, we look specifically at how marketing concepts apply to policing in Ontario, Canada. We frame our examination with concepts like the halo effect, the availability effect, and other ideas outlined by Kahneman (2013).

Investigating How Tacit Knowledge Management Inclination And Explicit Marketing Agendas Impact Business Success., Christine A. Makama

AMTP Proceedings 2022

The purpose of this paper is to develop and propose a framework that illustrates the relationship that exist between tacit knowledge management inclination, internal explicit marketing agendas and external explicit marketing agendas. Furthermore, the paper will also show how these variables act together to enhance business outcomes such as competitive advantage, growth and development, employee’s satisfaction, customers retention, loyalty, and satisfaction. Similarly, the conceptual framework would demonstrate how the assimilation between the variables extends and fill in the gap on conceptual and operational boundaries of existing models on explicit marketing agendas and how they help organizations attain success. And standing …

Investigating Consumer Choice Criteria For Free Services, Samer Elhajjar, Shaheen Borna, Russ Wahlers

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Behavioral sciences recognize the following steps in the consumer purchase decision process: recognition of a problem or a need, search for information, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. There is a plethora of research related to the aforementioned consumer decision-making process. The unanswered question in the marketing literature is: what changes, if any, in the consumer's decision process will be observed if they can obtain the product free of charge. Results of our study indicate that when consumers are spending their money on themselves, they are very careful and want to get the most for their money. On the …

Event-Related Potentials Differentiate Gender-Based Responses To Brands, William J. Jones, Kelene A. Fercho, Lee A. Baugh

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Despite significant advances in scholarship at the intersection of gender and neuroscience, marketing scholars have failed to capitalize on these developments. This research seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining brain-related responses to brands as a function of gender using event-related potentials (ERPs), which employs time-locked electroencephalographic (EEG) data. Thirty-three participants (17 female) made evaluations of clothing brands and clothing articles, individually and combined, while their preferences and brain-related data were recorded. Results reveal a gender-based dissociation in the time course of product-brand evaluations and offer new insights for gender selectivity theory.

“Just Hanging With My Friends”: U.S. Latina/O/X’S Perspectives On Parasocial Relationships In Podcast Listening During Covid-19, Arthur D. Soto-Vasquez, Olga Vilceanu, Kristine Johnson

AMTP Proceedings 2022

There is a need to delve into major subgroups among Latina/o/xs and identify emerging patterns in their understanding and consumption of new media. This study used six small-group interviews to explore the fluidity of parasocial dynamics with podcasts in the context of young Latina/o/x podcast listeners experiencing the COVID-19 lockdown. The conceptual acronym EASY (Engaged Experience, Accessible Authenticity, Socialization in Solitude, and Youth and YouTube) was developed to interpret pandemic listening amount Latina/o/x podcast users.