Business Commons^™

Role Of Ethical Principles And Ai Characteristics In Shaping Generative Ai Use In Higher Education And Its Impact On Academic Performance, Mostafa Al-Emran, Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, Behzad Foroughi, Noor Al-Qaysi, Nelson K.Y. Leung, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Nor’Ashikin Ali

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The rapid integration of Generative AI in higher education has transformed teaching and learning, yet limited research explores the factors driving its adoption and impact on academic performance. This study addresses the gap in understanding how ethical principles (fairness, accountability, transparency, accuracy, autonomy) and AI characteristics (perceived anthropomorphism, perceived intelligence) influence students’ use of Generative AI tools and their subsequent academic outcomes. The research aims to develop and test a theoretical model that integrates these factors to explain Generative AI adoption and its effect on perceived academic performance among university students. Data were collected through surveys from 318 students and …

Service Failures Under The Influence Of Ideological Polarization, Cheuk Hang Au

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In an era of heightened ideological polarization, characterized by intense divisions in political and social beliefs, both political and business environments face unprecedented challenges. Socio-political risks, historically explored in strategic management, have gained renewed significance as polarization amplifies their impact on business operations and consumer behavior. This paper examines Cathay Pacific as a case study to investigate how ideological polarization influences consumer reactions to service failures and controversies. Using the Belief-Action-Outcomes (BAO) framework, we analyze the interplay between polarization-driven beliefs and anti-brand actions during periods of heightened political tension in Hong Kong. Our findings offer critical insights into the role …

Tourism Low-Carbon Decision-Making Through The Avoid–Shift–Improve Framework, Pezhman Hatamifar, Arghavan Hadinejad, Jalayer Khalilzadeh, Kourosh Esfandiar, S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Using the Avoid–Shift–Improve framework, this study examines how demographic factors and psychological, behavioral, and attitudinal drivers are associated with tourists’ low-carbon decision-making across mobility, consumption, and accommodation. Survey data were collected from 416 young Finnish travelers, and analyzed using correlation tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, and cluster segmentation to examine cross-domain and cross-strategy variation. Findings show that demographic factors have limited influence, whereas psychological, behavioral, and attitudinal drivers motivate sustainable choices. Shift dominant mobility decision-making, Avoid emergence in consumption, and Improve are most common in accommodation. Three adopter groups are identified as strong, moderate, and weak, reflecting different levels of engagement. Theoretically, …

Understanding Amenities In Peer-To-Peer Accommodation Platform: A Moderation Analysis, Emeka Ndaguba, Kerry Brown, Neda Kiani Mavi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study examines how amenities shape revenue performance in short-term rental (STR) markets by moving beyond additive feature models towards a configurational perspective. Using robust linear modelling on 14,630 Airbnb listings in regional Western Australia (2022–2024), the analysis tests both individual amenity effects and amenity complementarities. Results show that autonomy-enabling and niche-signalling amenities, such as kitchens and pet-friendliness, are positively associated with revenue, while some amenities, notably pools, reduce revenue when offered in isolation. Interestingly, interaction effects reveal that specific amenity bundles–particularly pool × pet-friendliness and kitchen × parking–generate synergistic value that exceeds the sum of individual effects. These findings …

When Caring Depletes: The Paradox Of Leading Employee Wellbeing During A Prolonged Crisis – Evidence From The Australian Resources Sector, Michael Mayom Ajith, Andrei Alexander Lux, Michelle Striepe, Tim Andrew Bentley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The protracted COVID-19 crisis placed substantial demands on managers in the Australian resources industry. While workers' wellbeing received increased attention during this period, much less is known about how managers sustained their own wellbeing while providing care, reassurance, and operational continuity. Drawing on the JD–R model, paradox theory, and moral strain perspectives, we examine wellbeing-oriented leadership during a sustained crisis. We focus on how leadership behaviour operated as both a resource for employees and a demand on managers, shaping their own wellbeing experiences and leadership identity.

Design/methodology/approach: An interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with …

Stakeholder Perceptions Of The Feasibility Of E-Portfolio-Based Assessment Of Physical Literacy In Primary Health And Physical Education, Jaxon Hogan, Dawn Penney, Eibhlish O’Hara, Joseph Scott

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Physical literacy (PL) is widely acknowledged as an integral component of high-quality physical education programmes. However, what constitutes appropriate assessment of PL remains a contested issue. This study drew on Whitehead’s conceptualisation of PL as a lifelong journey and investigated how primary school teachers can support students’ PL learning through innovative and engaging assessment methods. The study specifically examined the feasibility of using e-portfolios to facilitate quality PL learning and quality assessment in Physical Education (PE), from different stakeholder perspectives. Methods: This interpretive study employed a qualitative design and methods to investigate aspects of feasibility with three purposive participant …

Pathways To Prosperity: How Tourism Industry Training Reduces Poverty, Panpan Sun, Songshan Huang, Ghialy Yap, Zhibin Lin, Lei Zhao

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study investigates the effects of tourism industry training (TIT) on poverty alleviation, considering both direct and indirect pathways. Integrating labour mobility theory, human capital theory, and the tourism-led growth (TLG) hypothesis, we propose a new theoretical framework. Based on panel data from 29 Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2019, the empirical results show that TIT has a significant negative effect on poverty level, depth, and severity, with a larger direct impact than the indirect effect through tourism development. We also find significant regional differences in the impact of TIT on poverty reduction, with TIT having a more substantial impact …

Leveraging Esg Investment To Enhance Labor Employment In Hospitality And Tourism Firms: An Signaling Theory Perspective, Bing Hu, Tianyu Zheng, Songshan Huang, Ke Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Despite the growing focus in hospitality and tourism literature on the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment on corporate performance, empirical research has yet to explore its effects on labor employment, which are critical to economic vitality and social cohesion. Drawing on signaling theory, this study explores the effect of ESG investment on hospitality and tourism firm’ labor employment. The results of a fixed effects panel model suggest that ESG investment positively influences the labor employment of hospitality and tourism firms. Moreover, this positive effect is stronger for hospitality and tourism firms with fewer financing constraints and less …

Emerging Stronger From Challenging Times: How Servant Leaders Manage Workplace Spirituality And Employee Flourishing, Mahdi Vesal, Muhammad Aftab Alam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Business leaders, particularly in challenging times like the post-COVID era, grapple with fostering employee well-being and addressing spiritual needs. Our research explores the link between workplace spirituality—marked by meaningful work, community, and value alignment—and employee flourishing, with a focus on the role of servant leadership. Using self-determination theory, we analyzed survey data from SMEs in Iran and India, where employees navigated challenging times amid COVID-related difficulties. Study 1 (303 employees in 128 Iranian firms) found meaningful work and a sense of community positively influence employee flourishing, while value alignment has a curvilinear effect. Study 2 (215 senior Indian employees) replicated …

Evaluating The Impact Of Learning And Development On Staff Motivation In International Non-Governmental And International Non-Profit Organisations, Munira Amidkhonova, Michelle Gander

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The main objective of this study was to understand the impact of learning and development (L&D) on staff motivation in international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and international non-profit organisations (INPOs), focusing on those organisations operating in the Global South, also known as developing countries. Using a mixed-methods approach, 46 participants with decision-making authority from several INPOs and INGOs completed an online survey to investigate the impact of L&D and organisational factors on staff motivation and how well a model of L&D evaluation was undertaken. Follow-up semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 18 of these participants. It was found that organisations were generally …

Determining The Carbon Footprint Of Australia’S Electricity, Gas, Water And Waste Services Sector, Soheil Kazemian, Rashid Zaman, Behzad Foroughi, Morteza Ghobakhloo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose – This study aims to address the global challenge of quantifying sectoral carbon emissions, offering a scalable methodology applicable across diverse national contexts. As one of the world’s leading greenhouse gas emitters, Australia has a critical role in achieving the Paris Climate Change Agreement’s net-zero emissions goal by 2050. The utility services sector – electricity, gas, water and waste services – has historically been Australia’s largest source of CO2-equivalent emissions. However, this also highlights its significant potential to contribute to national emission reductions through targeted mitigation strategies. This research analyses the total carbon footprint of Australia’s utility services sector …

Corporate Social Responsibility In Iranian Knowledge-Based Companies: Exploring Barriers And Solutions, Mansoureh Mahdizadeh, Mehran Nejati

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study aims to understand the barriers to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Iranian knowledge-based companies and explore possible solutions to address them. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative research design, comprising semistructured in-depth interviews with key informants. Findings: Study findings show that the most important barriers to CSR in Iranian knowledge-based companies include insufficient financial resources, lack of competition between companies, lack of CSR importance, lack of people’s shareholding of most companies, lack of structure, lack of awareness, knowledge and information on CSR, lack of institutionalization of CSR concept in organizational culture, lack of management commitment, lack of …

Leveraging Consumer Socialisation Agents To Increase Indigenous Student Participation In Higher Education, Melissa Fong-Emmerson, Braden Hill, Claire Lambert, Maria M. Ryan, Rebekah Dougan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose – Socialisation agents, including family, peers, Elders, teachers, mass media and community networks, significantly influence students’ decisions to pursue higher education (HE). This paper aims to further explore how these agents, within the framework of consumer socialisation theory, act as influential forces at the early stages of the decision-making process, shaping perceptions and providing motivation for Indigenous students’ educational choices. Design/methodology/approach – A three-phase narrative inquiry method was used, including autobiographical accounts from students, yarning sessions with peers and one-on-one interviews. This participatory approach centred Indigenous knowledges to inform culturally responsive social marketing strategies. Findings – The study identified …

Energy Poverty, Economic Growth And Environmental Degradation In South Asia: Do Energy Resources Matter?, Memona Rasheed, Hooi Hooi Lean, Nam Foo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Developing countries can combat energy poverty by enhancing renewable energy and economic growth with minimal adverse environmental effects. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of energy poverty, renewable energy, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and urbanization (URB) in South Asian countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. We employed econometric analysis techniques like Panel Pooled Mean Group (PMG)-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) to provide empirical results, as they enable panel data and control for endogeneity. The findings suggested that the fight …

Perceived Realism, Place Attachment, And Residents' Support And Involvement: Towards Resident-Centric Film Tourism Development, Deborah Castro, Sangkyun Kim, S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, Songshan Huang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study introduces the concept of perceived realism to (film) tourism studies and examines its effect in combination with place attachment on residents' support for and involvement in film tourism development. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) were applied to a sample of 401 Barcelona residents to explore both symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships among the research constructs. The PLS-SEM revealed that events-focused external realism affects residents' support for film tourism development, while narrative realism affects their involvement in film tourism development. In addition, place attachment directly affects residents' support for and involvement in …

When Affect Is Not Episodic: Extending Affective Events Theory Under Sustained Oversight, Cathrine Frost, Andrei A. Lux, Peter Galvin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Affective Events Theory explains how workplace emotions arise from discrete events and shape attitudes and behaviour. Drawing on a phenomenological study of 29 employees and 13 managers working within oversight saturated supervisory contexts in the post–Royal Commission Australian financial services sector, this paper extends Affective Events Theory by examining how affective experience unfolds when accountability is continuous, and discretion is constrained. Across dual-cohort findings, affect was not primarily anchored to identifiable events that resolved over time. Instead, participants described emotion as persistent and cumulative, produced through ambiguity and emotional restraint, and circulating across supervisory roles. Employees reported sustained interpretive effort …

Brand Transcendence Through Brand Value Co-Creation Exchanges Within Social Media Craft Beverage Brand Communities, Violetta Wilk, Gilstrap, Darren How

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study explores brand transcendence through brand value co-creation within social media craft beverage brand communities across Instagram and Twitter (now X). Lexical analysis explored a total of 192,330 posts and found brand transcendence evident in the interplay between user-generated content (UGC) and brand-generated content (BGC) across social media platforms, which co-created brand value through the processes of sharing virtual cues within social media craft beverage communities. This brand transcendence was enhanced through the sharing of personal experiences and unique brand moments. BGC across both platforms showcased themes of brand affinity, the importance of time in brand experiences, gratitude, and …

The Factors Influencing Organisational Responsiveness For Sustainable Projects, Richard Hughes, Bradley Baker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study investigates how organisations respond to sustainability when it becomes a central strategic priority, particularly through project environments. The research seeks to understand the factors influencing organisational responsiveness to sustainability imperatives in projects, addressing a key gap in sustainable project management literature. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a thematic meta-synthesis of qualitative case studies from multiple countries and different economic sectors. Using grounded theory, data were coded to identify first-order concepts, second-order themes and aggregate dimensions, culminating in the development of a conceptual model of dynamic adaptation. Findings: The analysis revealed three interrelated dimensions that shape organisational responsiveness: strategic …

A Service Ecosystems Approach For Sustainable Volunteer Engagement: Developing Insights From Covid-19 Disruptions, Ingrid O'Brien, Fazlul K. Rabbanee, Eunjung Kim, Megan Paull, Kirsten Holmes, Jo Anne Kestel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The purpose of this paper is to develop foundational propositions designed to reflect success factors in the recruitment and retention of volunteers for future longevity. Using insights gathered from three universities' experiences of student volunteering during COVID-19, plus capturing the experiences of volunteer involving organizations, we draw on existing theories, as well as service ecosystem literature, to identify critical emerging trends. We argue that conceptualizing volunteer pathways as a set of linear, sequential stages linked to a single volunteering experience does not adequately capture the complexity of the volunteer ecosystem, including the dynamic inter-relationships among actors and the multiple roles …

Configuring For Success: A Conceptual Framework Of Project Portfolio Management Archetypes And Capability Bundles, Masoud Aghajani, Ashkan Memari, Olabode Emmanuel Ogunmakinde

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Project portfolio management (PPM) is critical for achieving strategic objectives but has been studied in fragmented silos. We propose a configuration-theoretic perspective that views project portfolios as coherent clusters of practices and capabilities. Drawing on the literature on portfolio success and dynamic capabilities, we identify four archetypal project portfolio configurations– innovation-driven, governance-driven, alignment-driven, and balanced-adaptive –each combining distinct success determinants (e.g., stakeholder engagement, formal processes, agility, culture). The proposed conceptual framework maps how these configurations mobilize sensing, seizing, and transforming capabilities to realize different dimensions of portfolio success. The paper contributes a holistic model that unifies disparate findings, generates formal …

Ethical Dilemmas And Paradoxical Tensions In Decision-Making: Investigating Leadership Perspectives In Private And Public Sector Organisations, Gabriel Eweje, Aymen Sajjad, Shobod Deba Nath, Prince Amoah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Leaders are increasingly confronted with growing complexity in organisational decision-making, particularly when navigating ethical dilemmas, managing inherent tensions, and reconciling conflicting stakeholder interests. This complexity highlights the need to examine leadership practices in diverse institutional settings. While effective decision-making requires a holistic response to the underlying situation, the ethical and value-driven dimensions of the process are often overlooked in the emerging literature. To address this gap, we examined how and why senior leaders in public and private sector organisations experience and navigate paradoxical ethical tensions between personal and organisational values. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 24 senior organisational leaders (e.g. …

The Challenges Of International Travel Insurance For Leisure Travellers With Pre-Existing Mental Health Conditions, Alison Mcintosh, Gregory Willson, Dhananjana Madushani Morayes Gajaweera Marthinna Moraslage

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

International leisure travel is deemed therapeutic for reducing stress and improving mental health and wellbeing, although unfamiliar environments can exacerbate pre-existing mental health conditions. Travel insurance plays a crucial role in mitigating risks for travellers. There is a lack of critical evaluation regarding how insurers assess risk, determine coverage eligibility and communicate exclusions. International travel insurance policies may contain restrictive clauses, ambiguous wording and outright exclusions that may disproportionately disadvantage travellers with pre-existing conditions, including mental health conditions. This paper evaluates whether New Zealand’s international travel insurance policies adequately accommodate travellers with pre-existing mental health conditions. Analysis of 23 international …

Challenging The Monopoly Giant: Market Challenger Premium As Competitive Advantages, Cheuk Hang Au, Chih Yuan Chou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Market challengers frequently disrupt established incumbents with innovative ideas or novel business models. Yet, they frequently face high entry barriers and the entrenched power of incumbents. Even when challengers provide products or services better aligned with the market, competing effectively can remain difficult, particularly in monopoly-dominated sectors. This paper presents a case study of ViuTV entering Hong Kong’s monopoly-led free-to-air TV market. We identify IFH (innovation, freshness, hope) strategies for challengers to gain competitive advantage, leading to the emergence of a “market challenger premium” as a unique competitive edge. We also examine the role of customer cognitive biases and the …

Examining The Factors Influencing Citizen Adoption Of E-Government Chatbot Services In Jordan: A Longitudinal Survey Study, Ibrahim Mohamad, Laurie Hughes, Ali Abdallah Alalwan, Tegwen Malik, Yogesh K. Dwivedi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Many governments are focusing on adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based chatbot technology to enhance work efficiency and improve e-government services. Jordan was among the first Middle Eastern countries to implement AI chatbots to offer various e-services to its citizens. While previous studies have examined the adoption of AI chatbots, they have not explored citizen adoption within the Jordanian context. This research investigates the key factors influencing citizen adoption of e-government chatbot services in Jordan by extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) theory with additional external variables. A longitudinal survey of 319 Jordanian citizens was conducted, …

Metaverse And Artificial Intelligence As Web 4.0: The Next Generation Of The Internet, Anton Klarin, Elena Gorenskaia, Qijie Xiao, Pi-Shen Seet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study utilizes systems thinking to explore and entwine an evolving metaverse scholarship to a relatively underexplored phenomenon of Web 4.0. We adopt a soft systems thinking framework to guide the interpretation of complex and evolving metaverse scholarship, using bibliometric mapping of 5587 publications sourced from Scopus. Using systems thinking, we synthesize these clusters into the following four thematic areas: (i) business and society implications, (ii) optimization, (iii) integration with other technologies and (iv) metaverse education. Drawing on the largest-to-date review of the metaverse as well as a systematic review of Web 4.0 literature, we propose a novel conceptualization of …

Women In The Australian Mining Industry, Michelle Gander, Fleur Sharafizad, Aglae Hernandez Grande, Heidi Vivian, Mahan Poorhosseinzadeh, Kate Blackwood

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This report synthesises existing research on women’s participation in the Australian mining industry to identify the structural and cultural factors shaping gender inequality across the sector.

Drawing on research conducted over the past four decades, the report brings together what is currently known about how mining workplaces operate and how organisational practices, work arrangements, and site cultures shape the experiences of women across the sector. While many companies have introduced diversity and inclusion initiatives aimed at improving gender balance, the evidence suggests that challenges persist in areas such as operational roles, leadership pathways, and workplace culture.

Specifically, the report examines …

Systematic Literature Mapping: Integrated System Of Logistic Distribution For Island, Eka Suswaini, Mochammad Agung Wibowo, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The study aims to identify and compare various methods used to optimize supply chain distribution, with a focus on uncovering novel approaches. It particularly addresses the gap in logistics distribution models tailored for island environments, proposing the development of an integrated information system using genetic and memetic algorithms to handle uncertainties like weather and vessel availability. Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Mapping (SLM) approach was adopted. The K-Chart method was applied to categorize conceptual strategies and identify research gaps. A case study was also included to analyze logistical challenges in island settings, incorporating real data variables like transportation schedules and …

The Nexus Between Local Food Tourism Events And Social Sustainability: Future Prospects And Priorities, Alicia Orea-Giner, Francesc Fusté-Forné, Louise Todd, Eerang Park

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food has increasingly taken a central role in events and festivals, and its significance in tourism has been well documented through various social and cultural perspectives. However, our understanding and the available research evidence regarding the substantial roles, contributions, and challenges of food tourism events, particularly in relation to social sustainability, remain limited. To accurately assess the development of research on food tourism events and those through the lens of social sustainability, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on studies published from 1983 to 2025, followed by a systematic literature review. The findings reveal five evolving research themes in the field: …

Evaluating The Determinants Of Tourism Demand For Policy Implications: Insights From The Moroccan Case, Hakim Lakhlifi, Ghialy Yap

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study aims to assess the key determinants influencing Morocco’s international tourism demand to guide the development of an effective national tourism policy aligned with the country’s 2023–2026 tourism roadmap. By analyzing tourist arrivals (TA) from 45 source countries between 2000 and 2022, the research identifies economic and non-economic factors critical to achieving the target of 17.5 million tourists. Priority areas include pricing, infrastructure, security, governance and climate risk resilience. Design/methodology/approach: Using a hypothetico-deductive and quantitative approach, the study applies dynamic panel data models, including the generalized method of moments, to account for endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Key variables …

Driven To Serve: Exploring Meaningful Work For Doctors Through The Lens Of Public Service Motivation, Abid Hussain, Uma Jogulu, Esme Franken, Rahatulaain Ahmad, Tim Bentley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper reports on a study of meaningful work amongst doctors in a non-Western context. This study advances the current understanding of meaningful work by establishing a connection with public service motivation theory. By examining unique contextual features where societal, public systems, institutional, and individual factors are diverse and unique, we contribute to public service motivation theory in three ways. First, public service motivation theory argues that individuals are not only driven by self-interest but also by a drive to contribute to society and to help others, and that this motivation is particularly high amongst public servants in the West. …