Business Commons^™

Women Managing Women: A Good Idea?, Wendy Cook, Nancy Graber Pigeon, James L. Nimnicht

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Business

As women continue to move into the workplace and into managerial positions, the wage gap for female employees is not improving. In this study, we examine the effect of having a female manager on the wages and hierarchical growth of female employees. Findings suggest that female employees may be better served by working for male managers.

Managing For Stakeholders, Stakeholder Utility Functions, And Competitive Advantage, Jeffrey S. Harrison, Douglas A. Bosse, Robert A. Phillips

Management Faculty Publications

This paper integrates some of the central concepts of stakeholder theory with the literatures on organizational justice and trust to explain firm competitiveness. It provides a detailed explanation of factors that facilitate acquisition of knowledge about stakeholder utility functions. In addition, it offers a knowledge-based analysis of how firms that manage for stakeholders can enjoy sustainable competitive benefits. These explanations provide a strong rationale for including stakeholder theory in the discussion of firm competitiveness and performance.

Complexity, Context And Governance In Biotechnology Alliances, Anupama Phene, Stephen Tallman

Management Faculty Publications

This study explores the effect of coordination needs on alliance governance. We examine coordination needs that arise as a consequence of the characteristics and the context of the alliance. We posit that alliance characteristics and contextual factors influence alliance form and equity investment levels. We evaluate the effects of the complexity of technology transfer and strategic complexity of the alliance. We also study contextual factors, represented by the distance between the intellectual property protection regimes of the home countries of the participants, the focal firm’s prior presence in the alliance country and its primary expertise in the industry. We offer …

Compulsory Licensing: For Better Or For Worse, The Done Deal Lies In The Balance, Deli Yang

School of Business Faculty Research

Ever since compulsory licensing has emerged as a statutory obligation, it has been debated around the balance of interests between the general public and IP right holders. After opening two cases relevant and typical to the debate, this column clarifies compulsory licensing within the licensing contexts, and gives a brief account of its history. The focal point then centers on the main issues of compulsory licensing grants for national emergency, non-working, anti-competitive practice, non-commercial use and relevant international issues. In the end, some potential solutions are proposed.

Patent System Measurements: Review, Critique And Proposal, Deli Yang

School of Business Faculty Research

This paper reviews and critiques existing literature on means of patent system measurement across countries and accordingly proposes an integrated framework to advance this under-studied area by considering the impact of international organizations. The literature review reveals that studies have been conducted to measure patent systems across the world in diversely conceptual, empirical and methodological manners. The paper discusses all these differences and reveals their strengths and weaknesses. The proposed conceptual framework consists of three components: patent mechanism (e.g. patent laws), patent administration (e.g. patent filing and grant) and patent enforcement (e.g. judicial dispute resolution). The initial testing of this …

Zero Tolerance Or Zero Rationality, John Leaptrott, J. Michael Mcdonald, Jerry W. Wilson

Management: Faculty Publications

The primary subject matter of this case concerns organizational culture and conflict management. Secondary issues examined include ethics, human resource management, organizational theory and strategy. The case has a difficulty level appropriate for upper division and graduate business students. The case is designed to be taught in one to two class hours and is expected to require two to four hours of outside preparation by students. Zero tolerance policies, while still on the rise in many institutions in this country (most prominently in U.S. school systems), are increasingly being challenged in courts at various levels. Two of the most common …

Comparing Ratings: In-Class (Paper) Vs. Out Of Class (Online) Student Evaluations, Ronald R. Mau, Rose Opengart

Publications

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are used by institutions of higher learning in the tenure and promotion process and in awarding merit pay increases. The trend at some institutions has been towards using an online student assessment instrument (SAI) in lieu of the traditional paper –based, in-class assessment. This study examines the difference in student evaluations in two contexts; online and paper-based, in a finance course taught to non-finance majors. The evidence strongly indicates faculty receives higher evaluations using a paper-based instrument administered during class than with an online assessment instrument which students complete on their own time.

The Impact Of Servant Leadership On Follower Outcomes: Testing The Mediating Roles Of Stewardship Climate And Trust, Wallace Alexander Williams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on the impact of servant leadership on follower citizenship behaviors (OCBs), both at the individual and organizational levels. The relationship was considered indirect, with trust, perceptions of fairness, and stewardship climate acting as mediators to the relationship between servant leadership and follower citizenship behaviors. The three major contributions are (1) the identification and empirical test of 'servant' and 'leader' components of servant leadership, and (2) the theoretical extension of servant leadership through stewardship theory, and (3) the evidence for its importance in explaining the role of stewardship climate in the relationship between servant leadership and follower OCBs. …

System Of Systems Perspective On Risk: Towards A Unified Concept, C. Ariel Pinto, Michael K. Mcshane, Ipek Bozkurt

Finance Faculty Publications

Many systems and projects that concern systems engineers, engineering managers, and business managers today can be defined as system of systems (SoS), which are described as ambiguous, uncertain and dynamic, among others. In addition to the traditional view on risk identification, analysis and management, the concept of risk should be considered with respect to these systems of systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyse both fundamental concepts and recent publications in system of systems, business and engineering management, as well as risk analysis, modelling, and management for the purpose of better describing the concept of risk with respect …

Assessing Program Implementation: What It Is, Why It's Important, And How To Do It, Mat D. Duerden, Peter A. Witt

Faculty Publications

While the importance of evaluation program offerings is acknowledge by Extension educators, less emphasis is given to understanding program implementation. Simply assessing program impact without a clear understanding of the degree to which a program was actually implemented can result in inaccurate findings. The effective evaluation of both program impacts and evaluation can provide Extension educators with a more holistic perspective of their programs and an increased ability to identify and disseminate best program practices.

Securing Access To Lower-Cost Talent Globally: The Dynamics Of Active Embedding And Field Structuration, Stephan Manning, Joerg Sydow, Arnold Windeler

Management and Marketing Faculty Publication Series

This article examines how multinational corporations (MNCs) shape institutional conditions in emerging economies to secure access to high-skilled, yet lower-cost science and engineering talent. Based on two in-depth case studies of engineering offshoring projects of German automotive suppliers in Romania and China we analyze how MNCs engage in ‘active embedding’ by aligning local institutional conditions with global offshoring strategies and operational needs. MNCs thereby contribute to the structuration of field relations and practices of sourcing knowledge-intensive work from globally dispersed locations.Our findings stress the importance of institutional processes across geographic boundaries that regulate and get shaped by MNC activities.

Emergent Organizational Capacity For Compassion, Laura T. Madden, Dennis Duchon, Timothy M. Madden, Donde Ashmos Plowman

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

Our model of emergent organizational capacity for compassion proposes that organizations can develop the capacity for compassion without formal direction. Relying on a framework from complexity science, we describe how the system conditions of agent diversity, interdependent roles, and social interactions enhance the likelihood of self-organizing around an individual response to a pain trigger. When agents then modify their roles to incorporate compassionate responding, their interactions amplify responses, changing the system, and a new order emerges: organizational capacity for compassion. In this new order the organization's structure, culture, routines, and scanning mechanisms incorporate compassionate responding and can influence future responses …

Simulating School Closure Policies For Cost Effective Pandemic Decision Making, Ozgur M. Araz, Paul Damien, David A. Paltiel, Sean Burke, Bryce Van De Geijn, Alison Galvani, Lauren Ancel Meyers

Department of Supply Chain Management and Analytics: Faculty Publications

Background: Around the globe, school closures were used sporadically to mitigate the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. However, such closures can detrimentally impact economic and social life.

Methods: Here, we couple a decision analytic approach with a mathematical model of influenza transmission to estimate the impact of school closures in terms of epidemiological and cost effectiveness. Our method assumes that the transmissibility and the severity of the disease are uncertain, and evaluates several closure and reopening strategies that cover a range of thresholds in school-aged prevalence (SAP) and closure durations.

Results: Assuming a willingness to pay per quality adjusted life-year (QALY) …

Boots On The Ground: A First-Hand Account Of Conducting Psychological Research In Combat, Peter D. Harms, Paul B. Lester

P. D. Harms Publications

At the height of the surge in Iraq, Captain Paul Lester, an Army research psychologist, embedded himself with the 2nd Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment in order to study leadership and psychological resilience in combat. Few researchers are ever presented with the opportunities and responsibilities inherent for a psychologist in this situation or with the decisions he faced when agreeing to take on this mission. In his own words, Captain Lester explains the nature of this mission, what makes research in this context so unique, and what lessons he learned.

Learning And Innovation In The Context Of Process-Focused Management Practices: The Case Of An Environmental Management System, Deepa Aravind

Publications and Research

Adoption of process-focused management practices has been associated with inertia and rigidity in adopting firms. By drawing on the literature on routines and using survey data from 192 ISO 14001 certified facilities in the United States, I find that change catalysis or a deep form of learning which presents the opportunity for innovation can happen in this context. I also examine the internal and external determinants of change catalysis. By doing so I contribute to a better understanding of how process-focused management practices can be a source of innovation within firms.

“He’S A Real Dude”: Tributes To Tom Jones, Paul C. Godfrey, Bradley R. Agle

Faculty Publications

Researchers often fail to honor luminaries in their fields of inquiry, at least while they are still alive. What follows is one such tribute, to Dr. Thomas M. Jones, the Boeing Company endowed professor in business management at the University of Washington’s Foster School of Business. Business & Society represents an appropriate outlet for this tribute, given that Tom was the first editor of the journal when the International Association for Business and Society (IABS) assumed editorial control of the Sage Publications journal in 1993.

Me, My Spouse, And My Avatar: The Relationship Between Marital Satisfaction And Playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (Mmorpgs), Michelle Ahlstrom, Neil R. Lundberg, Ramon Zabriskie, Dennis Eggett, Gordon B. Lindsay

Faculty Publications

A variety of online support groups exist for “gaming widows” who feel their spousal relationship has been displaced by time spent playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game(s) (MMORPGs). MMORPG research has been presented on youth and adults, however to date, there is no research on married gamers to support or refute the claims of discontented spouses. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the gaming behaviors of couples who play MMORPGs. The sample included 349 couples. Results indicated lower marital satisfaction related to couples’ MMORPG gaming interactions such as quarrelling about gaming, not retiring to …

The Value Of A Master’S Degree To Recreation Professionals, Camilla J. Hodge, Brian J. Hill, Christian Brinton

Faculty Publications

This study assessed the nature of the relationship between earning advanced degrees and career outcomes such as salary, job satisfaction, social capital, and human capital among professionals in the parks and recreation field. The sample (n = 196) was drawn from parks and recreation agencies located in the United States. Agencies, excluding educational institutions, were identified via an Internet search for parks and recreation agencies in urban areas. Findings indicated there was a positive relationship between earning a master’s degree and salary. Earning a master’s degree, however, was not significantly related to job satisfaction, social capital, or human capital. Furthermore, …

Employee Perceptions Of Productivity: Virtual Workplace Location Vs.Working In The Office, Stephen Patrick Guida

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

This study focused on perceived productivity. The key question answered explored how the perception of one’s productivity when working in a virtual workplace setting compared to working in the office. A 24 question survey was given to 100 employees within a financial organization resulting in 46 total useable surveys to analyze. Findings revealed that workplace setting does not significantly affect an employee’s perception of productivity. The result supports the Coordinated Management of Meaning theory of interpersonal communication as presented by Pearce and Cronen (1989) because communication required of an employee to be productive within an organization is learned and constantly …

Communication Techniques: Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility, Laurie Beth Fried

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly important for businesses and their stakeholders. Successful communication ofa companies' CSR program remains a huge challenge. It is important for business leaders to understand how to build customer awareness of CSR efforts, and identify the factors that positively impact customers' beliefs and purchasing behavior, and thus the bottom line. Research for this study was both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analysis utilized data from a recent e-mail customer survey conducted by a national retailer. Top CSR Communicators were identified and then a qualitative analysis was applied with in-depth employee interviews. The results revealed that …

What Impact Does Social Media Have On Knowledge Transfer?, Michael Walgren Showalter

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

Knowledge management and knowledge transfer is vital to the long-term success of any organization. Social media is connecting people in a way never before possible. Previous research has concluded that knowledge transfer is more likely to take place between individuals in an organization who have built a relationship with each other. In parallel, social media is compared to Roger‟s Diffusion of Innovations Theory and his Technology of Acceptance Model. This thesis contains the results of focus groups conducted with engineers from an international aerospace corporation and examines the likelihood of knowledge transfer taking place based on social media relationships. This …

Bridging The Gap Between Academic And Practical Crisis Response Strategy Using A Public Risk Perception Model, Kyle Davidson

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

As risk is inherent in any profitable or viable business, it can be assumed that at some point an organization may face a crisis stemming from known or unknown risks. As such, it is important for organizations to understand how to respond to crises. Crisis communication really has one simple goal in mind: to minimize the effects of the crisis on the organization’s reputation. William Benoit’s “Image Restoration Theory” and Timothy Coombs’ “Situational Crisis Communication Theory” set a framework for how organizations can respond successfully in crisis situations. Yet much of the contemporary academic theory fails to translate from academic …

The Reconciliation Of Personal-Corporate Identity Conflicts By Evangelical Christian Workers, Michael E. Anderson

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

Communication can be viewed as a negotiation of identity. In that negotiation it is inevitable that conflicts in identity will occur (Lederach, as cited in Stewart, 2006). When that conflict is between one’s personal identity and the corporate identity an organization asks, or even requires of that person, what processes are used to reconcile those differences? This question becomes even more salient in an organization utilizing a cultural style of organizational structure (Conrad & Poole, 2005). Cultural organizational structures are rooted in a belief that people, as emotional beings, need to feel connected to their work community. Understanding identity reconciliation …

The Role Of Communication And Listening In Leadership, Elinor Kay Van Engen

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

In our world today, leadership is important in many organizations. Leaders create the opportunity to develop relationships based on listening. Listening is a multidimensional construct that requires further integration within leadership studies. This study aimed to seek the validity of focusing on listening within the study of leadership. The research promotes the understanding of the verbal and nonverbal characteristics of the listening process that have the greatest ability to influence a person’s leadership potential, as well as examining what leadership characteristics can influence a person’s listening. Understanding these characteristics presents evidence that listening deserves the recognition to be studied as …

أهمية استخدام نظام محاسبة التكاليف على أساس الأنشطة ( Abc ) في الشركات الصناعية العراقية: دراسة تطبيقية في الشركة العامة للزيوت النباتية (مصنع المأمون), قاسم محمد عبدالله

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى مقومات تطبيق نظام ABC في بيئة الشركات الصناعية العراقية / شركة الزيوت النباتية (مصنع المأمون) لغرض تطبيق نموذج جديد لحساب تكاليف الشركات كبديل عن الانظمة التقليدية المعمول بها حالياً وان هذه الطريقة تسمى حساب ” التكاليف المبنية على الانشطة ” ولقد اثبتت الطريقة الحديثة جدوى عالية وقدرة فائقة على وصف الواقع بطريقة ادق من الطرق التقليدية مما يسهل من الاجراءات المناسبة لتقليل التكلفة والتحكم بها . أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان استخدام نظام ABC سيساعد في استبعاد الانشطة غير المجدية التي لا تضيف اي قيمة للمنتج النهائي وعدم ضمان دقة احتساب التكاليف . ان اهم …

مدى ملائمة النظام المحاسبي الفندقي لمتطلبات نظام التحاسب الضريبي (دراسة تطبيقي فندق الديار السياحي), ناظم حسن عبد السيد

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يشهد قطاع السياحة بنشاطاته المختلفة تطورا وأهتمامآ ملحوظا، وتعد الصناعة الفندقية من أهم الفعاليات السياحية عالميا وهذا ناتج من مساهمتها في اقتصاديات الدول من حيث المساهمة في الدخل المحلي وتحصيل العملات الأجنبية.يهدف البحث إلى عرض نظام محاسبي فندقي يتلاءم مع نظام التحاسب الضريبي فضلا عن التعريف بمفهوم المحاسبة الفندقية والعلاقة بين المحاسبة والضريبة ، ويختتم الباحث عمله بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات .

التحديات التي تواجه مهنة المحاسبة والتدقيق في إطار عناصر البيئة التقنية الحديثة وآثرها على جودة وموثوقية المعلومات المحاسبية, ناظم شعلان جبار

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

أصبح العصر الحالي هو عصر المعلومات وأنظمتها والبحث عن أفضل استخداماتها بأقل تكلفة ووقت, ولقد ازدادت في السنوات الأخيرة قدرة نظام المعلومات المحاسبية على الوفاء بالاحتياجات المطلوبة من المعلومات وذلك نتيجة لتحسن وسائل القياس وتشغيل وتحليل المعلومات باستخدام أنظمة الكمبيوتر المتطورة، إذ اتجهت معظم الشركات إلى تصميم أنظمة معلومات محاسبية بمواصفات محددة، وخاصة في ظل تكنولوجيا المعلومات، وذلك بهدف السيطرة على الكم الهائل من المعلومات الضرورية في تلك الشركات وضمان موثوقية كبيرة لها. ويعتبر استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات في تدقيق الحسابات من القضايا المعاصرة التي انبثقت عن إدراك مدققي الحسابات لأهمية مثل هذا الاستخدام لما يوفره من مساعدة في اختيار عينة …

Eastern Experiential Learning: Eastern Principles For Learning Wholeness, Mai P. Trinh, David A. Kolb

Management Faculty Publications

Although Experiential Learning Theory originated in the work of Western scholars, many of their theoretical principles have a decidedly Eastern orientation. In this essay we draw out these Eastern principles of experiential learning and suggest an Eastern perspective on learning wholeness in one's life and career based on an ontological approach to adult development that emphasizes existential ways of being in the here and now-centering, balance, harmony and flowing in the watercourse way.

Socialization Tactics As Antecedents For Goal Interdependence And Newcomer Adjustment And Retention, Changhong Lu

Lingnan Theses

Serial (providing newcomer role models) and investiture (providing newcomer positive social support) tactics have been demonstrated as the most important predictors for newcomer adjustment. This study empirically examines the dynamics of serial and investiture tactics on newcomer adjustment and retention. It posits that goal interdependence between new recruits and their teams critically affects new recruits adjustment outcomes. This study adopts Deutsch’s theory of goal interdependence to understand when newcomers develop cooperative goal interdependence with their teams. It argues that serial and investiture tactics promote cooperative goal interdependence and reduce competitive goal and independent goal relationships and thereby result in newcomer …

Why Do Individuals Act Fairly Or Unfairly? An Examination Of Psychological And Situational Antecedents Of Organizational Justice, Deshani B. Ganegoda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Most studies on organizational justice have focused on individuals’ reactions to justice. As such, a key question has been left largely unanswered: Why do individuals act fairly or unfairly? The present research adopted a person-situation interactionist approach (Trevino, 1986) to examine psychological and situational antecedents of individuals’ fair behavior. The social identity model of deindividuation (SIDE; Reicher, Spears, & Postmes, 1995) and side-bet theory of continuance commitment (Becker, 1960) was used to examine how organizational identification and continuance commitment might influence employees’ fair or unfair behavior depending on an organization’s justice climate. Based on SIDE, it was hypothesized that organizational …