Islamic Studies Commons^™

الدراسات الإسلامية تحديات الأصالة والمعاصرة, Houssam Sbat

Al Jinan الجنان

No abstract provided.

قبول المعلومات الأمنية وردها في ضوء مناهج المحدثين, Hicham Almaghari

Al Jinan الجنان

عالج الباحث الموضوع في مبحثين: قدّم في الأول تعريف المعلومة الأمنية لغة واصطلاحا، وأشار إلى مجالات النشاط الاستخباري بشكل عام، ثم عرّف المعلومة الأمنية، وأصل في المبحث الثاني طرققبول المعلومة الأمنية وردها مستفيدا من مناهج المحدثين. اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي بغرض التعريف بالأمن والمعلومات، وتتبع منهج المحدثين في قبول ورد الرواية، كما اتبع المنهج التحليلي في مقاربة طرق المحدثين عند قبولهم أو ردهم للرواية، ومقارنة ذلك مع المعلومة الأمنية للوصول إلى النتائج المرجوة . توصل الباحث إلى وجود كثير من القواسم المشتركة بين صناعة المعلومة الأمنية ومنهج المدثين في التعاطي مع الرواية. خلص الباحث إلى ضرورة الاستفادة من مناهج المحدّثين …

حكم إرضاع الكبير في الشريعة الإسلامية, د. رياض مشعل عبد

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

الحمد الله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه وأتباعه ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين . وبعد : هنالك بعض المسائل الفقهية الخلافية فيها إشكال وتحتاج إلى مزيد من البحث والبيان والإيضاح لرفع ذلك الإشكال ، لأن بعض هذه المسائل الخلافية والأقوال الشاذة تحدث فتنة بين عامة الناس ، لأنها غريبة عليهم ولا يستطيعون أن يفهموا المراد منها ، فتصدهم عن دينهم وتصرفهم عما ينفعهم . ومسألة إرضاع الكبير خير مثال على ما أقول ، فقد تابعت منذ مدة الكلام المثار حول حديث إرضاع الكبير في بعض القنوات الفضائية وتعجبت وقتها من جرأة المكذبين والطاعنين والمستهزئين …

الخضر في القرآن الكريم, د. زياد علي دايح الفهداوي, د. محمود عبداللطيف حمد

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﻩ ، ﻭﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻠـﻙ ﺒﻴـﺩﻩ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﻟﺠﺔ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻅﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ، ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ

ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﺩﻯ ﺒﻬﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ .

ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ : ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟـﺩ ﻭﺩﺴـﺘﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﺩ ، ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺘﻬﺎ ، ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺠﺩ ﻁﻤﺄﻨﻴﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻼﺫﻫـﺎ ، ﻓﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺒﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺴﺎﺤل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﻗﺎﻉ ﻟﻬﺎ ، ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﻜل ﻴﺄﻤل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺤﺜـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻡ (ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻓﻲ …

اثر المهاجرين في الحياة الاقتصادية في العهد النبوي, د. ستار جبار شكر محمود الجنابي

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﻴﺸﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ، ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ، ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕﹸ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ، ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ شجعهم الرسول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ، ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﱠﺔ ﻭﻤﻬﺎﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺅﻭﻨﻬﺎ، ﻓﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ

ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﱠﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻨﺸﹾﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ. ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﺎﺠﺭﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻪ، ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺠﺭﻴﻥ

ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ …

Features And Trends Of Development Of Industrial Complex In The Tashkent Region, Nilufar Batirova

The Light of Islam

The aim of the article is the theoretical justifcation and development of the organizational and economic mechanism for the formation and development of a regional intentional complex, where innovative components dominate. It should be noted that in recent years in the region there have been trends in the deepening of the newest forms of relations and interconnections based on the expansion of inter-sectoral and sectoral integration of industrial enterprises, the progress of the formation of forms of regional industrial systems is traced, prerequisites are created for the emergence of new forms of integrated cooperation of the subjects of the innovation …

Misinformation As A Method Of Psychological Influence Of Information (Based On Modern Foreign Research), Azamat Ibrakhimov

The Light of Islam

This article is based on up-to-date foreign research on the use of misinformation as a tool of psychological influence, which has become the most pressing issue at the moment. In practice, the information provided by the mass media has become a means of influencing its content. Extremely fast-paced images of life, a lack of time to study the events reported by the media, and sometimes a lack of personal skills to analyze these reports have led to a wide audience accepting the material in the same way as media outlets. The article attempts to theoretically comprehend the phenomenon of creating …

The Role Of Test Making In Learning Process, Dilbar Xasanova, Hugh Cartwright Cheonan Assistant Professor

The Light of Islam

Almost always with the word "test" a question comes to mind with four or fve possible answers. Students usually think of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) when they are told to get tested. Testing means testing students' knowledge using different types of question forms. The proposed article examines the academic performance test, which was developed by the administration of the Uzbekistan English Teachers Association (UZTEA) for Year 2 students of lyceums and colleges. The purpose of this study is to discuss test constructs and propose a more reliable version of them if the reason for the unsatisfactory results depends on the evaluation …

Copulative Compound Words Formed By Using The Interfix In The Pashto Language, Ugiljon Abduvaliyeva

The Light of Islam

Questions about word formation remain one of the most pressing problems of modern linguistics. The relevance of this issue is increasing, especially for less-studied languages such as the Pashto language, since the vocabulary of the language is constantly being enriched under modern requirements. The need to express new concepts arising from
progress in various spheres of life gives rise to the need to create new lexical units based on the language’s capabilities and resources. The study of this process on a scientifc basis, the defnition of its directions, the defnition of its specifcs based on the analysis of language material …

Study Of Amir Husrow Dehlaviy’S Rubais, Feruza Nizamova

The Light of Islam

The article provides data on the manuscripts and studies of the legacy of Amir Khusrow Dehlavi, stored in the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Biruni of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the manuscripts we examined, there is information about the origin of ghazals, but there is no mention of the origin of the ruba’is. In many manuscripts, the order of fling the ruba’is is not based on any principle. Only a few of them are arranged alphabetically, either by the frst letter of the verse or by the last letter of the …

Semantic Classification Of Auxiliary Verbs In Arabic Language, Malika Nasirova

The Light of Islam

In Arabic, the verb takes a signifcant place among the parts of speech. Without knowing the morphological features of Arabic verbs, it is impossible to maser many of the rules of other parts of speech. This article is devoted to auxiliary verbs, which, together with the main verb, convey additional meaning to the action of the subject. In Arabic, the topic of auxiliary verbs has
attracted the attention of linguiss from the early Middle Ages to the present. The mos recent sudies on this topic are collected in the works of Abbas Hasan, Musafa Galayini, Fuad Nemat, Antoine Dahdakh, Abu …

German Non-Classical Philosophical Concepts Of Religion And Islamic Culture, Asliddin Sultonov

The Light of Islam

A number of works are being carried out on the formation of high spirituality, ensuring freedom of conscience, and applying the principle of religious tolerance in Uzbekistan. The study and promotion of the rich religious and philosophical heritage created by our great ancestors, as well as the works of the world philosophy of religion, have become widespread. Teaching students the basics of religious studies, the history of world religions, and the philosophy of world religions is an important factor in forming a scientifc worldview in society and fostering a spirit of respect for religious feelings. In the speech of the …

Influence Of Us Neoconservatism On Formation Of National Security Paradigm, Mukhammadolim Mukhammadsidiqov, Abrar Turaev

The Light of Islam

This article analyzes the impact of neoconservative ideology on the formation of national security paradigms in the United States and reveals the impact of views and ideas put forward by U.S. neoconservatives on the formation of public administration, especially security goals in domestic and foreign policy. In particular, the role of Albert Walstetter, a well-known proponent of neoconservative views, in the formation of security concepts is discussed. The role of political philosopher Leo Strauss’s political-philosophical and military-strategic approaches in the development of neoconservative ideology and the conceptual basis of modern security problems are theoretically analyzed. It is emphasized that the …

The Activity Of Chinese Muslims In The Social, Economic And Cultural Life Of The Country In The Ix-Xvi Centuries, Odiljon Ernazarov

The Light of Islam

The article presents information about the socio-political, economic, and cultural conditions in China in the 9th-16th centuries, the spread of Islam in China and its adaptation to the local culture, the participation of Muslim peoples in the social, economic, cultural life and educational 94 Tе Light of Islam, 3-сон 2020 йил Диншунослик process of the country. Also, it analyzes the formation of Muslim communities among the majority of followers of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism by adapting to their religious beliefs, close to the content of Islam, and the emergence of 10 separate legal systems, such as “Zu Tang” (“Foreigner living …

The Concept Of Risalat And Its Historical, Political And Ideological Role, Farrukh Kushbayev

The Light of Islam

The main goal of the article is to give a clearer picture of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his activities to spread the idea of monotheism based on the verses of the Koran. In particular, by objectively illuminating the historical essence of the formation of medieval Arab society during the period of rising, to prevent the emergence of misconceptions about Islam and its prophet in the minds of the modern young generation. The article frst explains the lexical meaning of the term “risolat (mission)”, and then analyzes the ideological influence of this …

Ari’An Relations In Islamic Law And Its Types, Mamurjon Erkaev

The Light of Islam

Current article studies the issue of ariya (borrowing something without any payment), its Sharia rulings and types which are based on socio-legal relations in the sources of the classical period of the Hanaf school. An important feature of researching the issue of ariya in the sources of Islamic law is that along with the regulation of social relations between people, it will be a solution to today’s pressing problems in this area. The scientifc article cites verses from the Qur’an and hadiths. Furthermore, the works of well-known Hanaf fakihs in Maverannahr and the Islamic world, who commented on this issue, …

Role Of Waqf Properties In The History Of Turkestan, Irodaxon Gafurova

The Light of Islam

The main purpose of the article is to provide information about the real estate provided to mosques and madrasas, sums of money, vaqf’s documents for land signed by officials and representatives of various segments of the population in Turkestan, including Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva, Tashkent. It is known that the proceeds from waqfs were used for the repair, restoration and maintenance of mosques and madrassas, payments of monthly wages to muezzins and imams, as well as scholarships for madrasah students.

Article style analysis: historical and comparative analysis.

Results. Now the archives contain thousands of waqf’s letters signed in the late 19th …

Mahmudkhuja Behbudiy As A Leader Of Jadid Reforms, Muminjon Xujaev

The Light of Islam

We are witnessing that the ideas of our Jadids, who tried to raise Turkestan through enlightenment to the level of world civilization at the beginning of the 20th century, and who showed modern education as a solution to the problems of that period, have not lost their signifcance today. In this sense, the study of the works of the famous orientalist Mahmudkhodja Behbudi based on new scientifc criteria plays an important role in the study of issues of interethnic communication, peaceful coexistence, education, culture, and religious tolerance. M. Behbudi in the late 19th and early 20th centuries began a systematic …

Activities Of Central Asian Research Centres In The Arab States, Shavkat Ikromov

The Light of Islam

This article is devoted to the activities of centers for the scientific study of Central Asia in the Arab states. In the article, based on Arabic-language sources, a comparative and content analysis of research and work carried out in scientific centers of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, and Algeria are carried out. As well as scientific research at the universities of Baghdad, Mosul, Mustansiri and Kufa in Iraq, several higher educational institutions and research centers such as Al-Azhar in Cairo on the history and politics of Central Asia.

The purpose of this article is to study the coverage of the modern …

Activities Of Scholars Of Islamic Law (Fuqaha) From Shash Oasis In Scientific Centers Of The Region, Nematullo Mukhamedov

The Light of Islam

For centuries, Islamic traditions have contributed to the formation of unique Muslim culture in Central Asia, interwoven with the rich cultural heritage of the peoples of this region. In turn, this affected the spiritual life of society and left a significant mark on the development of various sciences. Uzbekistan and its cities Bukhara, Samarkand, Nasaf (Karshi), Termez, Khiva, Shash (Tashkent) and others, which became famous in the whole Muslim world as leading scientific and cultural centers, occupied a special place in these historical processes.

IX – XII centuries in Central Asia is famous for the development of science and culture, …

Heroes, Villains And The Muslim Exception: Muslim And Arab Men In Australian Crime Drama, Sana Patel

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a book review of Mehal Krayem, Heroes, Villains and the Muslim Exception: Muslim and Arab Men in Australian Crime Drama.

Queer Muslim Diasporas In Contemporary Literature And Film, Hina Muneeruddin

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a book review of Alberto Fernández Carbajal's Queer Muslim Diasporas in Contemporary Literature and Film.

Gender And Patriarchy In The Films Of Muslim Nations: A Filmographic Study Of 21st Century Features From Eight Countries, Candace Mixon

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a book review of Patricia R. Owen, Gender and Patriarchy in the Films of Muslim Nations: A Filmographic Study of 21st Century Features from Eight Countries.

خوارزمية لاستخراج أسماء رواة الحديث النبوي آليا اعتمادا على صيغ الإخبار في السند, Omar Koussa, Moustafa Alhajj, Amani Sabra

Al Jinan الجنان

لمّا كان للحديث النبوي الشريف ولعلم الرواية الأثر الواضح في اللغة العربية؛ آثرنا أن نضع بصمتنا في هذا المجال، فقمنا بعمل تطبيق للتعرّف الآلي على أسماء الرواة عبر الاستعانة باللسانيات الحاسوبية. تكمن أهمية هذا العمل في تسهيله استخراج أسماء الرواة خدمة للدارسين في علم الحديث، كذلك سيُشكل هذا العمل نواة لأعمال لاحقة في التصنيف الآلي للرواة، طبقا للتصانيف المقررة في هذا العلم

ضوابط تلقي الأخبار ونقلها في القرآن الكريم، وقفات مع قول الله عز وجل : وإذا جاءهم أمر من الأمن أو الخوف أذاعوا به..", Ziad Hajj

Al Jinan الجنان

المجتمع المسلم مجتمع مترابط متماسك، لا تؤثر فيه الشائعات ولا ينتابه من القلاقل ما يبعث على الخوف والحزن بين عباد الله، لأن المرجعية فيه هي لرسول الله المرشد القائد القدوة صلوات الله وسلامه عليه، ومن بعده لأولي الأمر الذين يستنبطون من كتاب الله ومن سنة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما يحقّقون به المصلحة العامة للمجتمع المسلم. ولقد أرشد الله سبحانه وتعالى عباده المؤمنين إلى هذا الأمر الذي هو في غاية الأهمية، فقال جل شأنه :" وإذا جاءهم أمر من الأمن أو الخوف أذاعوا به ولو ردوه إلى الرسول وإلى أولي الأمر منهم لعلمه الذين يستنبطونه منهم" النساء آية …

الفتوى وتأثرها بالمتغيرات الاقتصادية, Bashar Ejel

Al Jinan الجنان

لايخلو عصر من العصور من ظواهر اجتماعية واقتصادية وحوادث نازلة ومستجدة وطارئة يكون لها الأثر القوي في سلوك أفراد المجتمع، وتجعل الفقيه ينظر لبعض الأحكام الشرعية هل يفتي بها على الأصل ، أو أن ما حدث يُبيح تغيّر الفتوى بما يحقق قواعد الشريعة، ومراعاة مقاصدها،فينقل السائل من الحكم الأصلي إلى حكم جديد مع مراعاة ما تقدم. فقد عقد ابنُ القيم رحمه الله فصلا بعنوان :"تغيّر الفتوى واختلافها بحسب تغير الأزمنة والأمكنة والأحوال والنيات والعوائد".وقد تغيرت أوضاع كثيرة داخل العالم الإسلامي وخارجه، ونال هذا التغيير النظم السياسية والتشريعية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، بكل جوانبها تقريبا. وإن طبيعة الفقه الإسلامي التغير والتطور والثبات والتجدد.وإن …

فلسفة تعدد الصواب في الاجتهاد كمنهج يدعو لوحدة المسلمين, Bashar Quahwaji

Al Jinan الجنان

This research calls on all parties and actors on the Islamic arena to accept and consolidate and entrench the principle of “the multiplicity of righteousness” that the decision of the street-wise, which is based on mutual respect for the opinions and judgments of others, and not monopolize the right people or parties at the expense of others, forgive each other while we disagree it, and unite among ourselves as unknowable agreed upon, to achieve the charity has accepted us to the Almighty, saying: (You were the best nation on earth people Propagation of Virtue and forbidding what is evil, and …

التثبت في الرواية عند الصحابة والتابعين, Abdullatif Rayan

Al Jinan الجنان

No abstract provided.

Abortion In Islamic Law And Its Intersection With Human Rights, Andini Naulina Rahajeng

Journal of Islamic Law Studies

Abortion was legally restricted in almost every country by the end of the nineteenth century. Abortion is a controversial topic due to its involving with fundamental morals, ethics, and religious concerns. Legal restrictions on abortio n do exist throughout Islam jurisprudence, though allowed only with emergency circumstances. Nowadays, people become more aware of abortion as a part of human rights, as it is considered female autonomy over her body and part of reproductive rights. Abortion considered should be legally allowed and accessible to women. This paper will describe the construction of abortion in Islamic Law and the awareness of abortion …

طبقات أصحاب الراوي -دراسة تطبيقية في صحيح مسلم - Layers Of The Narrator's Companions - An Applied Study In Sahih Muslim, Ahmad Hussein Al-Saggar

Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies

The purpose of the study was to examine the issue of layers of narrator fellows from the applied point of view among modernists. The scope of the study was Imam Muslim Saheeh as the study addressed the concept of narrator fellows layers, its significance, ways of knowing it then applied models of how Imam Muslim addressed this issue were presented. The study concluded with some results, the most important were:

- The concept of narrator fellows layers is a concept meaning that a group of narrators shared the narration from a specific scholar, and they varied in the narration from …