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Articles 20941 - 20970 of 109980
Full-Text Articles in Religion
Musings On The Birth Of The Savior Jesus Christ, Kristine Wardle Frederickson
Musings On The Birth Of The Savior Jesus Christ, Kristine Wardle Frederickson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
In this essay, Kristine Wardle Frederickson muses about “the babe born in Bethlehem,” and who he was — and is — in consideration of those who nurtured, loved, and welcomed the infant Jehovah to Earth. Certain women played critical roles in preparing him for his infinite and eternal Atonement, and that preparation began long before Jesus came to Earth. Four women stand out as devoted mentors, disciples, and witnesses of Jesus Christ’s mission, and of his sublime perfection even on that first Christmas day: Heavenly Mother, Mary, Elisabeth, and Anna. At Christmastime, their witnesses are worthy of deep contemplation as …
An Approach To Isaiah Studies, Donald W. Parry
An Approach To Isaiah Studies, Donald W. Parry
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
This review makes a case, briefly, for the unmistakable presence of Jesus Christ in Isaiah’s text, which case is based on a corpus linguistic-based description of the Hebrew Bible, equivalent designations of deific names, self-identification declarations by the Lord, and more. And, importantly, one can never set aside the multiple teachings and testimonies of our modern prophets and apostles regarding Isaiah’s prophecies of Jesus Christ. Moreover, in my view, a knowledge of biblical Hebrew helps us to penetrate the very depths and heights of Isaiah’s text.
The Role And Purpose Of Synagogues In The Days Of Jesus And Paul, Taylor Halverson
The Role And Purpose Of Synagogues In The Days Of Jesus And Paul, Taylor Halverson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
This article explores why Jesus so often healed in synagogues. By comparing the uses and purposes of Diaspora and Palestinian synagogues, this article argues that synagogues functioned as a hostel or community center of sorts in ancient Jewish society. That is, those needing healing would seek out such services and resources at the synagogue.
An American Indian Language Family With Middle Eastern Loanwords: Responding To A Recent Critique, John Robertson
An American Indian Language Family With Middle Eastern Loanwords: Responding To A Recent Critique, John Robertson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
In 2015 Brian Stubbs published a landmark book, demonstrating that Uto-Aztecan, an American Indian language family, contains a vast number of Northwest Semitic and Egyptian loanwords spoken in the first millennium bc. Unlike other similar claims — absurd, eccentric, and without substance — Stubbs’s book is a serious, linguistically based study that deserves serious consideration. In the scholarly world, any claim of Old World influence in the New World languages is met with critical, often hostile skepticism. This essay is written in response to one such criticism.
Hugh B. Brown’S Program For Latter-Day Saint Servicemen During Wwii, David L. Clark
Hugh B. Brown’S Program For Latter-Day Saint Servicemen During Wwii, David L. Clark
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Prior to U.S. involvement in WWII, the First Presidency asked Hugh B. Brown to initiate and serve as coordinator of a program that would reinforce the spiritual welfare of the increasing number of Latter-day Saint men entering the military. Brown initially answered the challenge by organizing religious services at training camps along the West Coast because of the large number of Church-member men training there. However, following Pearl Harbor, he expanded the program to 65 training camps in many parts of the country. He also created USO-type facilities in Salt Lake City and San Diego, distributed pocket-size scriptures, wrote faith-strengthening …
He Knows My Affliction: The Hill Onidah As Narrative Counterpart To The Rameumptom, Matthew L. Bowen
He Knows My Affliction: The Hill Onidah As Narrative Counterpart To The Rameumptom, Matthew L. Bowen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The toponym Onidah, attested as the name of a hill in Alma 32:4, most plausibly derives from Hebrew ʿŏnî /ʿōnî/ʿônî (ʿonyî, “my affliction”) + yādaʿ/yēdaʿ (“he knew,” “he knows”) — i.e., “he has acknowledged my affliction” or “he knows my affliction.” This etymology finds support in the context of the Zoramite narrative in which it occurs. In view of the pejorative lexical associations of the Rameumptom, the “high” and “holy stand,” with Hebrew rām (< rwm, “high”) and haughtiness, arrogance, and pride, we see Mormon using the Rameumptom, the “high” platform for Zoramite self-exalting worship, with Onidah, the hill from which Alma and Amulek taught the Zoramite poor and humble. The latter name and Alma’s teaching from that location constituted a sign that the Lord “knew” their “affliction.” Alma devotes a significant part of his message not only extolling the spiritual value of their state of “affliction” and humiliation or compelled “humility” (ʿŏnî Exodus 3:7, 17), but teaching them how to “plant” the “word” (even Jesus Christ himself) in their hearts through prayer — the word that would grow up into a “perfect knowledge” of God — experientially “knowing” God (Alma 32:16‒36) and being known by him (cf. Alma 7:12).
Section 1: Mormon The Writer, Brant Gardner
Section 1: Mormon The Writer, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Ammaron was entrusted with the sacred Nephite archives. Although he recorded Nephite history in the same way so many of his predecessors had, we have nothing that he wrote. As the penultimate official Nephite historian, we know that he wrote and cared for the sacred Nephite records in perilous times.11 Rather than his writings, however, we have the record of his efforts to preserve and continue the plates. We learn that: “Ammaron, being constrained by the Holy Ghost, did hide up the records which were sacred — yea, even all the sacred records which had been handed down from generation …
Chapter 2: Mormon And The Nephite Archive, Brant Gardner
Chapter 2: Mormon And The Nephite Archive, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nephite written history began with Nephi, perhaps soon after the family arrived in the New World (1 Nephi 19:1). As far as we can tell, the Nephite historical tradition continued in an essentially unbroken line until Mormon, who was the last official historian.21 Nephite historians not only wrote, but preserved. Jacob specifically notes: “we know that the things which we write upon plates must remain; [b]ut whatsoever things we write upon anything save it be upon plates must perish and vanish away” (Jacob 4:1–2). The Old World tradition also preserved records,22 but something about the New World suggested the need …
Rethinking Alma 36, Noel B. Reynolds
Rethinking Alma 36, Noel B. Reynolds
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
While Alma 36 has long been one of the most admired examples of classical Hebrew chiasmus in the Book of Mormon, critiques in the last two decades have questioned whether, in fact, it really meets the requirements of classical biblical chiasms. The principal objections have pointed to the large sections of the chapter that are not easily included in the chiasm as outlined by John W. Welch and other proponents. Until now, this debate has not taken note of dramatic new developments in the analysis of Hebrew rhetoric over the last fifty years. The following essay turns to the discoveries …
“Somebody Wrote It:” The Book Of Mormon’S Missionary Message To A 21st-Century World, Jim Bennett
“Somebody Wrote It:” The Book Of Mormon’S Missionary Message To A 21st-Century World, Jim Bennett
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nathan Oman’s “Welding Another Link in Wonder’s Chain: The Task of Latter-day Saint Intellectuals in the Church’s Third Century” wisely called for “new language in which to celebrate the Restoration.” That new language can be found in understanding the power of the Book of Mormon, which is the tangible miracle at the heart of the Restoration that defies the critics. My father, Senator Robert F. Bennett, devoted his final years to arguing that the Book of Mormon’s existence is a stumbling block to those who try to dismiss it as an obvious fraud. Those who scoff at the Book of …
Chapter 5: Mormon Writing, Brant Gardner
Chapter 5: Mormon Writing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
When Moroni described what his father had written, he called it “an abridgment of the record of the people of Nephi” (Title Page). Mormon himself similarly referred to what he had written: “after I had made an abridgment from the plates of Nephi...” (Words of Mormon 1:3). Nevertheless, Mormon doesn’t appear to use the term in the way we might expect.101 A modern reader expects that an abridgment makes a shorter but faithful version of a longer text. This is not what Mormon did. When Mormon wrote his eponymous book within his larger work, he said that “I write a …
Chapter 6: Mormon, Special Considerations, Brant Gardner
Chapter 6: Mormon, Special Considerations, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Mormon wrote a cohesive book that set out his arguments explaining the destruction of his people and his hope in Christ. Sadly, we have only part of that book. The sculpture known as Venus de Milo is still beautiful without arms, but it must have been even more beautiful before they were lost. So it is with Mormon’s book. It is a marvelous work and a wonder, but what wonder might it have been had we all that he wrote.
Chapter 8: Nephi Organizing, Brant Gardner
Chapter 8: Nephi Organizing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
As the author of these two books on the small plates as well as the beginning of the book of Lehi on the large plates, Nephi began the Nephite record-keeping tradition. Principles that Nephi used to create his text were copied and continued until Mormon’s time.
Section 3: Making Nephi’S Books, Brant Gardner
Section 3: Making Nephi’S Books, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
One of the most important statements Nephi made about writing what we know as the books of 1 and 2 Nephi comes at the end of his historical section in 2 Nephi: And thirty years had passed away from the time we left Jerusalem.
Section 4: Making Mormon’S Book, Brant Gardner
Section 4: Making Mormon’S Book, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
It is enticing to think that if we had the book of Lehi, we might more easily discern Mormon’s agenda in compiling what we know today as the Book of Mormon. Perhaps he gave some indication of why he selected certain types of information to include or exclude. He probably did not. As an ancient writer, Mormon would have assumed his readers would understand that he was constructing his text and pay attention to what he did to learn the meta-lessons he wanted to teach. We modern readers are not that audience, and we approach the Book of Mormon much …
Preface, Nick Frederick
Preface, Nick Frederick
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Brant Gardner changed the way I read the Book of Mormon. Back in the mid-2000’s I was preparing to teach two courses on the Book of Mormon at Brigham Young University as an adjunct professor. I had taught several New Testament courses in prior semesters, but this was my first time teaching Book of Mormon. As I began to prep for the course I began to get more and more frustrated. Due to my years as a Classics major, I had felt pretty confident in teaching the New Testament. I had spent years studying the ancient world, toiling with Greek …
Chapter 12: Book Of 2 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Chapter 12: Book Of 2 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The first, and perhaps most important structural element in 2 Nephi is that there is a 2 Nephi at all. The text we have from the small plates of Nephi are holographic. That is, they are in the hand of the original writers. There is no Mormon standing between the original text and our final version, such as we find in the material from Mosiah to 4 Nephi (or Moroni’s treatment of Ether’s record). We have the chapters just as Nephi created them. We also have the anomaly of two separate books by the very same writer, something that never …
Chapter 15: Book Of Helaman, Brant Gardner
Chapter 15: Book Of Helaman, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Helaman Chapter I (1–2) [Book Header] As a new book, there is a synoptic header: An account of the Nephites. Their wars and contentions, and their dissensions. And also the prophecies of many holy prophets, before the coming of Christ, according to the records of Helaman, who was the son of Helaman, and also according to the records of his sons, even down to the coming of Christ. And also many of the Lamanites are converted. An account of their conversion. An account of the righteousness of the Lamanites, and the wickedness and abominations of the Nephites, according to the …
Chapter 17: Book Of 4 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Chapter 17: Book Of 4 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The book of 4 Nephi returns to the structure typical of the large plate records. In the first verse we have: “And it came to pass that the thirty and fourth year passed away, and also the thirty and fifth, and behold the disciples of Jesus had formed a church of Christ in all the lands round about” (4 Nephi 1:1). There are more years per verse than in any other book — 29 years are specifically mentioned.354 Time races through 4 Nephi — often with empty years (4 Nephi 1:6, 14).
Chapter 14: Book Of Alma, Brant Gardner
Chapter 14: Book Of Alma, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Alma Chapter I (1–3) [Book Header] When Mormon introduces a new book, he provides a synoptic header: The account of Alma, who was the son of Alma, the first and chief judge over the people of Nephi, and also the high priest over the Church. An account of the reign of the judges, and the wars and contentions among the people. And also an account of a war between the Nephites and the Lamanites, according to the record of Alma, the first and chief judge.
Chapter 18: Book Of Mormon, Brant Gardner
Chapter 18: Book Of Mormon, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Mormon I (1–3) When Mormon begins his book of Mormon, he is no longer consulting a record. He doesn’t need to, as he is the source. This is an autobiography, but it begins with the declaration of the author and his ability to accurately portray the information: “And now I, Mormon, make a record of the things which I have both seen and heard, and call it the Book of Mormon” (Mormon 1:1).
Bibliography, Brant Gardner
Bibliography, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Section 2: Nephi The Writer Chapter 7: Nephi Preparing, Brant Gardner
Section 2: Nephi The Writer Chapter 7: Nephi Preparing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
We have the Book of Mormon people because of Lehi. Nephi began the tradition that eventually allowed Mormon to create the Book of Mormon. Lehi led his family to the New World, but Nephi defined his descendants as a record-keeping people. The Nephites were a people of the Book both because Nephi (and his brothers) preserved a record-keeping tradition (the brass plates) and because he began a new one after arriving in the New World. Mormon may be most directly responsible for the Book of Mormon, but the records Mormon used (and many of the organizational structures that Mormon used) …
Chapter 10: Final Considerations About Writing, Brant Gardner
Chapter 10: Final Considerations About Writing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Neither the extant original manuscript nor the printer’s manuscript of the Book of Mormon have any indication of punctuation. The dictation was written as it was heard, with no attempt to add the literary niceties of paragraphs and punctuation. The nature of the dictation in English cannot tell us whether the Nephite language had visual clues that helped divide ideas. Based on many early texts, it is safest to assume that it did not.
Chapter 11: Book Of 1 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Chapter 11: Book Of 1 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nephi begins his book according to traditions he learned in his scribal training.277 He adds a colophon,278 which had two functions: describe the contents of the book and to identify that author. The synoptic header prior to chapter I provides the outline of the events to be covered in Nephi’s first book: the departure of the family from Jerusalem, the journey into the wilderness, the return to Jerusalem for the brass plates, the acquisition of wives from Ishmael’s family, the arrival at Bountiful, the building of a ship, and the journey to the new world. Evidence from Mormon’s use of …
A Democratic Salvation, Daniel C. Peterson
A Democratic Salvation, Daniel C. Peterson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Over the centuries, many religious thinkers — precisely because they are religious thinkers — have put a premium on intellectual attainment as a prerequisite for salvation. This has sometimes yielded an elitism or snobbishness that is utterly foreign to the teachings of the Savior. The Gospel as taught in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints values education and knowledge, certainly. But not unduly. Intellectuals, while heartily welcome among the Saints and, when faithful, much appreciated for their potential contributions to the Church, have no claim on any special status in the Kingdom simply because of their (real or …
Chapter 13: Book Of Mosiah, Brant Gardner
Chapter 13: Book Of Mosiah, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
All evidence points to the Nephite continuation of Nephi’s original mandate for the large plates. They were to record the wars and contentions of the people (1 Nephi 9:4, 19:4). It is therefore unsurprising that Mormon tells us in the first extant sentence that there was no more contention (Mosiah 1:1). However, where a modern reader might think that was the point of writing, for Mormon this is a filler statement indicating nothing was happening (of interest to Mormon). Perhaps the best evidence of Mormon’s lack of interest in times of no contentions comes in the aftermath of the Savior’s …
Was The Denarius A Daily Wage? A Note On The Parable Of The Two Debtors In Luke 7:40–43, Taylor Halverson
Was The Denarius A Daily Wage? A Note On The Parable Of The Two Debtors In Luke 7:40–43, Taylor Halverson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
This note provides a brief overview of Roman economic history and currency in order to throw light on the value and significance of the two debts illustratively used by Jesus in his parable to Simon the Pharisee. Though we cannot with accuracy make the claim that a Roman denarius was always the daily wage, we can determine that the debtors of Jesus’s parable owed something on the order of a year’s worth of wages and ten years’ worth of wages.
First Visions And Last Sermons: Affirming Divine Sociality, Rejecting The Greater Apostasy, Val Larsen
First Visions And Last Sermons: Affirming Divine Sociality, Rejecting The Greater Apostasy, Val Larsen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
There is a kinship between Lehi and Joseph Smith. They are linked to each other by similar first visions, and they faced roughly the same theological problem. Resisted by elites who believe God is a Solitary Sovereign, both prophets affirm the pluralistic religion of Abraham, which features a sôd ’ĕlôhim (Council of Gods) in which the divine Father, Mother, and Son sit. These prophets are likewise linked by their last sermons: Lehi’s parting sermon/blessings of his sons and Joseph’s King Follett discourse. Along with the first visions and last sermons, the article closely reads Lehi’s dream, Nephi’s experience of Lehi’s …
The Character And Knowledge Of Mary, The Mother Of Christ, A. Keith Thompson
The Character And Knowledge Of Mary, The Mother Of Christ, A. Keith Thompson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The Virgin Mary is arguably the archetype of the virtuous woman and even the divine feminine on earth, but we know very little about her. She is remembered in Christianity in a variety of ways including with cathedrals built in her honor. Though many seek her intercession when they pray, that does not seem to accord with Luke’s account of her self- effacing and private character. This article considers what Latter-day Saints know about Mary from the scriptures, distinct from others of Christian faith who seek to honor her in different ways. That discussion also includes surmise as to what …