Women's History Commons^™

Reevaluating The Pension System: The Struggles Of Black Widows Following The Civil War, Samantha E. Carney

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Following the Civil War, the United States government invested heavily in the U.S. Pension Bureau: a government agency that distributed monetary aid to wounded veterans. This paper discusses the impact of race and gender with regards to pensions in black communities, as evidenced by the pension files of the 34^th Regiment of the South Carolina United States Colored Troops. In particular, it addresses the lack of education and documentation amongst black widows which was largely due to their enslavement, in concert with the inherent racist and sexist prejudice of white Special Examiners hired by the Pension Bureau. This combination …

Amjambo Africa! (February 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Afghan Resettlement ............2/3

Lunar New Year ........................4

Maine Youth Network .............5

Afrofuturism with MHC......... 7

Editorial .....................................8

Translations French .........................9/13

Swahili .......................10/13

Somali .......................11/13

Kinyarwanda ............12/13

Portuguese ................28/30

Spanish ......................29/30

MCF grant opportunities ......14

Legislative update ...................15

Tips & Info ........................16/31

New Roots Farm .....................17

The Samosa Story .............18/19

Health&Wellness... ............20-27

Cardiac Health In English & translations

Columns ..................................32

Maine Equal Justice South Portland Sustainability MIRC

Tax Season...33

In English & translations

New Voices columns ..............34

Rupal Ramesh Shah Roseline Souebele

Hope in Augusta .................... 37

Sweetness And Femininity: Fashioning Gendered Appetite In The Victorian Age, Michael Krondl

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Since at least the nineteenth century sweetness and a preference for sweet foods has been linked to femininity. Western, middle-class women learned and reproduced normative gendered dietary behavior due to both private and public pressure to control their appetites and those of their children. In performing their gendered roles, they came to embody them through everyday rituals such as teatime. Sugary foods and drinks served as necessary props in these performances. Theorists, most prominently Jean-Jacques Rousseau, began to propose a linkage of sweet foods with femininity in the seventeen hundreds. In the following century, the medical profession explained women’s tastes …

A History Of The Center For The Study Of Women And Society, 1975–2015, Clarisa Gonzalez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In the early 1970s, New York City was experiencing an extreme fiscal crisis, with a reported debt of at least $600 million. In CUNY, students were protesting admissions policies that favored the white middle class and hikes in tuition. At the same time, the women’s movement was in the midst of the “second wave,” focusing on women in the workplace and in education. It’s in the midst of these tumultuous times that the first motions to create what was then called the Center for the Study of Women and Sex Roles began in 1975 by Graduate Center faculty Joan Kelly, …

Historical Sisters: Black Feminist Actions Across History And Literary Studies, Jazz A. Milligan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis seeks to understand how the actions of Black women from the past have inspired the modern Black female literary movement. This thesis focuses on three historical women: Phillis Wheatley, Elizabeth Freeman, and Cathay Williams, and their literary sisters: bell hooks, Barbara Smith, and Patricia Hill Collins. By viewing the lives of these historical women through a modern-day lens, we can understand how their actions created a ripple effect that Black women are still discussing today. Black feminism did not start in a vacuum, and the actions of everyday Black women have pushed us forward to being more accepting …

“She Too ‘Omanish’”: Young Black Women’S Sexuality And Reproductive Justice In Bluefields, Nicaragua, Ishan Elizabeth Gordon-Ugarte

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Most never-married young “Creole” (Afro-Caribbean) women in Bluefields, Nicaragua are raised in fundamentalist Protestant families and institutions that emphasize sexual abstinence before marriage. In this context, abstinence is required to maintain social standing and “respectability.” Nevertheless, women in Bluefields, the administrative center of Caribbean Nicaragua, exhibit what Creoles themselves understand to be high rates of sexuality and pregnancy among post-menarche unmarried teenaged women (USAID, 2012; Mitchell et al. 2015). Such young women’s pregnancies occur at an important developmental stage of their lives and have long been associated by social scientists with adverse social, emotional, and health situations. These scholars have …

Fisher, Dorothy Canfield, 1879-1958 (Sc 3627), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3627. Letter, 11 March 1920, to her friend “Mabel” (suffragist Mabel Vernon?) from author, reformer and activist Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Arlington, Vermont. She reports on seeing mutual friends at a speaking engagement but expresses an unwillingness to accept further invitations in favor of home life and a “big piece of work” she has recently undertaken. She also refers to her three-year residence in France, which put her out of touch with news at home.

Women Of The Dalit Unrest: Rewriting Bodies, Reinforcing Resistance, Suddhadeep Mukherjee

Tête à Tête: Journal of Francophone Studies

The paper aims to take the scholarship on corporeal feminism and Dalit Studies forward by focusing on the Dalit woman’s body. The body is not treated as an inert surface in this paper but is considered as a transformative medium that can alter its embedded codifications and significations through transgressive performances in the face of systemic and systematized caste violence. In doing so the gendered body not only challenges to rewrite the Dalit epistemology from the vantage of resistance but also initiates a rethinking of Indian feminism. The paper begins with a discursive discussion on the importance of the gender …

Women And Jell-O™ Advertising In 20th Century America, Victoria L. Schultz

The Exposition

Women have been the exclusive and consistent factor influencing the advertising process for the American food brand, Jell-O, since its inception at the dawn of the 20^th Century and ever since.

Brigid Of Kildare: The Saint Who Got A Facelift, Aimee Hunt

Student Research

On the outskirts of Papal authority, early medieval Ireland created its own Christian identity separate from other European nations closer to Rome. Saint Brigid of Kildare, one of the patron saints of Ireland, played important yet problematic roles in that identity. After her death, the church began to alter her history. Being a female bishop, performing the first recorded abortion, and having both men and women within her monastery, Brigid had trodden on the male-dominated system in a way that few women had. Deemed unacceptable but having already been sainted, the Catholic church gave Brigid a holy facelift.

Guide To The Helen Delores Nunamaker Collection, 1948-1952, C. 2010, Elizabeth Ezekiel, Orson Kingsley

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

This small collection contains a variety of items relating to Helen Nunamaker, including player documentation and league affiliations, news clippings, one scrapbook, and a multitude of photographs. Folder seven contains 15 (majority signed) photographs of Parichy Bloomer Girl players from the 1947 NGBL championship team. All but two of these signatures have been deciphered. The biographical sketch of Nunamaker largely derived from the letter her sister, Bonnie, wrote in 2010 to the donors of this collection (located in folder one).

Helen Delores Nunamaker was born on March 8, 1928 in New Stanton, Pennsylvania. She was born to Daniel Roy Nunamaker …

The Female Stigma: Menstruation Attitudes In The Women's Liberation Movement, Kayla Becknuss

AWE (A Woman’s Experience)

No abstract provided.

Guide To The Mary Pratt Collection, 1940-1959, 1982-2010, Undated, Orson Kingsley

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The Mary Pratt Collection is part of the Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection. The Mary Pratt Collection is part of the Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection. It includes original content by Pratt while she was a player in the All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) and original content from players and others associated with the league well after the league ended in 1954. The collection also contains some artifacts, including Pratt’s game used glove and cleats from her playing days in the AAGPBL. Beginning with the AAGPBL’s …

Guide To The Bertha Levi Collection, C. 1935-1945, Elizabeth Ezekiel, Orson Kingsley

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The Bertha Levi collection is part of the larger Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection. The collection contains two boxes containing a photographic album created by Levi, photographs, one postcard, and a softball players patch.

Bertha Levi played in the Amateur Softball Association (ASA). Levi was also known to participate in basketball, rowing, and track and field. The ASA was founded in 1933 and would later be called USA Softball (USAS). She played for J.J. Kreig’s Alameda Girls team, based out of Alameda, California. The Alameda Girls team won the Amateur Softball Association championship in …

Guide To The Babe Didrikson Zaharias Collection, 1931-1956, Elizabeth Ezekiel

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The Babe Didrikson Zaharias collection is part of the larger Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection. This collection contains two boxes of materials. Box one contains 21 photographs of Didrikson Zaharias and one newspaper advertisement. Box two contains an original baseball of the touring House of David Team from 1934, a barnstorming baseball team. The ball contains team member signatures, including a “Babe Didrikson” signature in bold letters.

Mildred Ella “Babe” Didrikson Zaharias (1911-1956) was one of the most accomplished women athletes of the twentieth century. She grew up in Port Arthur and Beaumont, Texas; …

Guide To The Madeline “Maddy” English Collection, 1940-2003, Undated, Orson Kingsley

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The Maddy English Collection is part of the Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection.

Madeline “Maddy” English was born in 1925 and grew up in Everett, MA. Lacking opportunities to participate in local sports while growing up, in 1939 at age 14 she joined a traveling Massachusetts softball team that played summer exhibition games. This experience also gave her initial exposure as an up-and-coming athlete. Not restricted to one sport, English was also successful in track and field as a young athlete. In 1941, at age 16, she participated in the women’s USA Outdoor Track …

Janet Malcolm And Me: The Biographer Enters Her Book: Some Post-Modern Reflections On The Personal Of The Critical In Recent Biographies Of Women Writers, Joanne E. Gates

Presentations, Proceedings & Performances

Largely because publishers resist the expenses of precise and plentiful documentation, contemporary biography is a slippery, sometimes stale, but sometimes electrifying discipline. If any recent biographical project deserves further attention and analysis, it is Janet Malcolm's three-part biography of Sylvia Plath, first appearing in the August 23 and 30, 1993 double issue of the New Yorker and now published in book form as The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes (Knopf, 1994). With the perspective of an autobiographer examining (yet never mentioning) the incendiary implications of her own "missing tapes" incident which led to the New Yorker's defense of …

Legal Strategies Used By Black Men During The Antebellum Period, A. D. Banse

Digital Legal Research Lab

AD Banse, "Legal Strategies Used by Black Men During the Antebellum Period" [Research Poster]

Digital Legal Research Lab REU Site, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2022

The Missouri Statute of 1807 existed as the primary act that somewhat ensured the freedom of those enslaved and pursuing their freedom. The act refuted laws such as the Futgitive Slave Clause of 1793 and 1850, and the Missouri Compromise, which were evidence that slaveholders held decisive political influence and could cast the Constitution in proslave terms (Baker 2012). These clauses essentially gave enslavers the right to seize enslaved people who escaped to free states deepening …

Habeas Corpus: Breaking Reservation Boundaries, Samantha Byrd

Digital Legal Research Lab

Dr. Katrina Jagodinsky’s Petitioning for Freedom examines marginalized peoples’ use of habeas corpus in the American West from 1812 to 1924. This project has uncovered Indigenous manipulation of the American legal system to counter the challenges of colonialism. Indigenous peoples used habeas to protest, and sometimes successfully mitigate boarding school experiences, forced removal, and confinement on reservations. This study aims to show how Indigenous peoples and other minorities had a complex understanding of the law and used it to their advantage.

Advisor: Katrina Jagodinsky

Guide To The Joanne “Jo” Winter Collection C. 1943-1958, Elizabeth Ezekiel, Orson Kingsley

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

This collection is part of the larger Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin: Honoring Women in Sports Collection. The entire collection is comprised of scrapbooks documenting Winter’s athletic career. These scrapbooks contain news clippings, AAGPBL ephemera, and material pertaining to Winter’s time in the NGBL and ASA.

Joanne “Jo” Winter, 1924-1996, was a well-known ball player of the twentieth century. Winter was born in Chicago and grew up in the suburb of Maywood, Illinois. A versatile athlete, she competed in basketball, swimming, volleyball, soccer, track, handball, tennis, golf, and baseball. Winter began her career in the Amateur Softball Association (ASA), …

Ua19/16/1/5 Lady Topper Golf 2021-22 Season Statistics, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Statistical analysis of the 2021-22 women's golf team season.

Guide To The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, 1945-1952, 1976-2020, Elizabeth Ezekiel

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League collection is part of the larger Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection.

This multi-media collection contains a variety of primary and reproduction materials related to the history of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. These materials include paper media with league-specific news (Series 1), a growing collection of AAGPBL newsletters (Series 2), player write-ups and AAGPBL news in non-league media (Series 3), and reproduction materials (Series 4). The reproduction materials include 248 AAGPBL team photographs, all 4”x6” or 5”x7”, with many player names identified on the back, and 24 …

Guide To The Edith Dennison Bloomer Girl Collection, C. 1910-1918, Orson Kingsley, Elizabeth Ezekiel

Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids

The Edith Dennison Bloomer Girl Collection is part of the Kathleen Bertrand and Linda Lundin, Honoring Women in Sports Collection. The collection contains two items: one large, oval photograph of Dennison pitching in 1910, and one scrapbook of newspaper clippings possibly compiled by Dennison. This scrapbook tracks Dennison’s baseball career from 1911-1917. The large photograph may be found in smaller reproduction in articles within the scrapbook on pages 32 and twice on 43. Note that the pagination of the scrapbook begins on page 20.

Dennison was a star “bloomer girl” baseball pitcher in northern Massachusetts, playing from 1910 through …

Ua19/16/2 Softball Press Releases, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Press releases, photos and game statistics for WKU softball team in 2022.

Amjambo Africa! (January 2022), Kathereen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Editorial ....................................6

Translation

French/Portuguese ...............8

Swahili ...................................9

Somali ..................................10

Kinyarwanda........................10

Spanish ................................11

Liberation Farms ....................12

Equity in education ................13

Cross-racial conversation ......13

Special feature....................15-18

History of Medieval Africa Contributed by USM student authors

Finance Advice for the New Year .... 19

Poetry ......................................20

Contributed by South Portland student poets

Legislative Updates Permanent Commission ....21

Priority bills for the 130th

session .................................21

Mental health: home begins in the body ..................................24

Columns ..................................27

Maine Equal Justice

ILAP

IntWork

Let’s Talk

New Voices ........................28/29

Zabrina Richards

Nsiona Nguizani

Gashi

Bénédicte Wonganombe

Rupal Ramesh Shah

Coco McCracken

Mayor Deqa Dhalac of …

Protofeminist Freedom To Choose Colonialism, Josie Forsthoff

Joyce Durham Essay Contest in Women's and Gender Studies

Intersectionality has been a legal and socio-cultural term since 1998 thanks to Kimberlé Crenshaw who put a name to the particular phenomenon of oppression. Her naming of culminating and connected marginalizations also provides an approach to address them. Nevertheless, feminisms that neglect intersectionality persist. The individualist feminist who prioritizes personal choice as the ultimate act of autonomy rarely evaluates the intersections of identity, even their own. Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre presents a protofeminist protagonist whose choices to advance her own freedom often contradict the freedom of those who live and labor outside of white and Western society. She is free …

Barry Hoffman Nazi Postcard Collection, Robyn Conroy, Lamisa Muksitu

Strassler Center Archival Collection Finding Aids

This collection is comprised of postcards that are connected to the Nazi Party in Germany. The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The Nazi Party emerged from the extremist German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post–World War I Germany. The party was …

The Representation Of Japanese Working Women And The Labor Standard Law Of Japan – A Feminist Postcolonial Approach, Angela Louise C. Rosario

Japanese Studies Program Faculty Publications

Since the 1947 Constitution was drafted at the behest of the Allied General Headquarters led by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), it is only fitting to scrutinize the media directly under it. One of the policies that should have affected Japanese women’s status is the Labor Standard Law. With this Law as a reference point, this paper anchors the SCAP’s ideals for Japanese women in terms of labor whilst I look at the portrayal of Japanese women in the 1948 issues of Pacific Stars and Stripes, an unofficial military daily newspaper under the supervision of SCAP. Through …

A Home Shielded By Laws: Freedom Suits And Enslaved Mothers, Heidi Martin

Digital Legal Research Lab

This project collects, digitizes, and makes accessible the freedom suits brought by enslaved families in the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, Maryland state courts, and the United States Supreme Court. This project places families in the foreground of our interpretive framework of slavery and national formation.

Using TEI encoding, we focused on outcomes, relationships between individuals and the claim for freedom made. Using these data sets, I focused specefically on mothers petitioning for their children. Of the 508 cases I utilized, 131 included children and a parental figure. I set out to distinguish the additional burden mothers had …

In The Waiting: The Role Of The Slave Bastille In Antebellum D.C., Ellyzabeth Morales-Ledesma

Digital Legal Research Lab

In 1808 the Transatlantic Slave Trade ended and in turn the government created a federally protected human market. As the South's demand for human labor force increased the domestic slave trade rocketed and in turn created even more turmoil for the Black population if the United States. Slave Traders and Man-Dealers took advantage of the market and kidnapped Free Black men women and children. While waiting to be sold enslaved people would be admitted into holding cells and jails; this was the creation of slave jails and Slave Bastilles. Slave jails served as places where the horrors of a human …