European History Commons^™

Restless Fanatic:Mogens Abraham Sommer, 1829-1901, Thorvald Hansen

The Bridge

This account of the life and activities of a Danish religious fanatic who played a significant role in emigration has been prepared on the basis of materials available in this country. Further items are available in Denmark, but on the basis of what is known to be available, it is doubtful that this would make any appreciable difference. To my knowledge, this is the only English language story of his life.

Time To Retire: Providing For Retirement On A Danish Farm In 1863, J.R. Christianson

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Peder S0rensen and Ane Mette were ready to retire, but the year was 1863, and the famous Danish welfare state was far in the future. So what did they do? It was a problem faced by the families of many Danish immigrants. When he was young, Peder S0rensen had come to the village of Lindeballe and bought a piece of land from the rich widow in Lindeballegaard. That was thirty-seven years ago. He and his first wife, Maren Sofie, built their farm on that piece of land, and they called it L0kkegaard.1 They had no children.

Reviews

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Cultural Atrocity Expressed In Cultural Art, Marlie Mcgovern

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Some of the most horrific chapters in human history have involved an ethnic dimension, notably the centuries-long obliteration of traditional Nigerian cultures by European colonizers, the attempted destruction of European Jews in the Holocaust, and the World War ll decision to assault the Japanese with atomic bombs. The consequences of the above atrocities are not contained within temporal or cultural barriers, but hold profound and pervasive ramifications within contemporary society in its entirety. More recent conflicts in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Balkans reemphasize the horror and suffering brought about by cultural collisions. One of the most potent reactions to …

Review Of Black Jacks: African American Seamen In The Age Of The Sail., Anne Kugler

History

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Review Of Shaping History: Ordinary People In European Politics, 1500-1700., Anne Kugler

History

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Johannes Brahms's Requiem Eines Unpolitischen, David B. Dennis

History: Faculty Publications and Other Works

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Review Of 1900: Art At The Crossroads, Antoni Pizà

Publications and Research

There is probably little doubt that the fissure between "high" and "low" culture is more conspicuous nowadays than it ever was. Clement Greenberg, that dashing arbiter of contemporary art, had already sensed it in 1939 when he wrote the seminal essay quoted above, as Adorno also perceived it decades before him. Their foreboding premonitions, however, could not hinder the relentless success of popular culture and the retreat of so-called high art into the safe harbors of the university campus, the museum, and the private sphere.

Editorial Statement

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Contents

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Marcus Lee Hansen's Approach To The History Of Scandinavian Immigration, J.R. Christianson

The Bridge

Marcus Lee Hansen (1892-1938) has been called "the first serious student of the history of American immigration," and he was a very good one, but that was long ago.2 His major scholarship appeared after his death at the age of forty-five in 1938. Few authors have written about American immigration with Marcus Lee Hansen's literary grace and historical brilliance, but huge amounts of ethnic and immigration history have been written since his day. Old history often goes stale and out of print. What about Marcus Lee Hansen? Is there anything in his view of immigration that still speaks to us …

Full Issue

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Front Cover

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Claiming The Victim: Tokenism, Mourning, And The Future Of German Holocaust Poetry, Kathrin M. Bower

Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications

This excerpt from Nelly Sachs's poem "You Onlookers" could be read as support for the contention, reportedly made by Adolf Hitler during a table talk, that "The Jews invented conscience." This statement, although fascinating in itself for what it implies about Hitler's psyche and moral sense, becomes even more provocative if read in association with Marina Zwetajewa's puzzling proclamation, made famous by its appearance as an epigram to a poem by Paul Celan, that "all poets are Jews." The connection of Jews to both conscience and poetry has significant repercussions for the genre of so-called Holocaust lyric, so-called because it …

Sekularisme : Sejarah Kelahiran Dan Kesannya Terhadap Peradaban Islam Dengan Penumpuan Terhadap Serangan Pemikiran, Haslinda Hassan

Student Works (2000-2009)

Secularism as an ideology has long affected Islamic civilization. It is defined as separating the worldly life from religion leaving negative impact on muslims especially and men generally for they are not bound to follow religious authority. This dissertation will look at how the idea of secularism started in the West, beginning with the Renaissance to Enlightenment leading subsequently to many European revolutions which emphasize on rationality in problem solving rather than following the Church order. This form of secularism was then adapted and practived by the muslim countries and communities. The author starts this dissertation by outlining the research …

In Memoriam, Arnold N. Bodtker

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Snow!, Enok Mortensen

The Bridge

The winter had been unusually mild. For many years, people had never seen anything like it. The old folks even thought that there was something wrong with such unusual weather. Coal dealers cursed and knocked on their barometers, but the temperature held above freezing and well into December no snow fell. In Grant Park, which Chicago had wrested from Lake Michigan, a faint sun kissed the faded grey lawn and warmed it enough so that fat wealthy women took out their yappy lap dogs. In long uneven rows the homeless lay in rags and stole a belated sleep well into …

Gendered Communication Among Second Generation Danish Americans In The "Blair Church:" A Study In Progress, John Mark Nielsen

The Bridge

I am not nor do I pretend to be an expert on gendered communication or feminist criticism. I have, however, used Carol Gilligan's In A Different Voice and Deborah Tannen's You Just Don't Understand in classes with good results.1 While students differ in their responses, these works are accessible to many and have inspired good discussion about how gender may affect decision-making and impact the way messages are sent and received. Additionally, I have found writings by Peggy McIntosh, Carol Smith-Rosenberg, and Barbara Welter helpful in exploring and thinking about the writings of American women writers of the pre-Civil War …

Front Cover

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Inside Cover

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Editorial Statement

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Contributors

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Front Matter

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The Kjems Family From Odder To Ashland, Magne Kjems

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My father, Simon Nielsen Kjems, was born on the farm of Kjemsgaard on 23 July 1849.2 At the age of twenty, he entered Askov Folk School and was educated to be a teacher in private and folk schools (friskolen og hajskolen). In 1874, father became a teacher in the private school on Odder Mark, a short distance from the village of Odder. The pupils were both farm children and the children of master artisans in Odder. I do not know . whether father built the school himself, but I know that he came to own it, and when he married …

The Long Joumey To Oregon: An Emigrant Family From Odder, Kristian Tybjerg

The Bridge

Late Thursday afternoon on 7 February 1889, the steamship SS Bravo of the C. K. Hansen Line sailed from the port of Copenhagen for Hull in England. It carried freight, cattle, and a few passengers -all emigrants to America. Among them was a family from Odder in Jutland, a shopkeeper named Corfix S0rensen, his wife, Kathrine, and their five youngest children, Godert, Vagn, Svend, Kamma, and Alrune. Had Corfix and Kathrine known what lay ahead for the rest of their lives in terms of hard work, deprivation, disappointments, and a nagging longing for home in the old country, they may …

A Boyhood At Ashland, Hjalmar Kjems

The Bridge

At last the train stopped at Grant in Michigan and Father said, "This is where we get off." The sun was shining in a cloudless sky, and friendly people gathered around us and bade us welcome in Danish, but a Danish that had a strange sound. Outside of the station, there was a wagon to which was harnessed a wonderful little horse. It was yellow with a black muzzle, mane, and tail. Never in our lives had we seen such a beautiful horse. Father said it was ours and we were to ride on it, or with it hitched to …

Review

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Full Issue

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Harrowing Heroines And Communist Plots: Krest'ianka And Rural Policy, 1946-1949, Rachael Preiss Susman

Dissertations and Theses

After World War II, women became very important to the Soviet plan to reassert control over the countryside and reestablish agriculture in those areas hard hit by war. This happened because long term migration trends to the city and wartime casualties had made women the majority in the countryside. There was a need for them to exceed their previous contributions to agriculture, even as they struggled to cope with wartime losses.

State propaganda encouraged rural women to regard employment in agriculture as their patriotic duty. This study analyzes one publication aimed at rural women, Krest'ianka, and examines the following …

The Swabian War Of 1499: 500 Years Since Switzerland's Last War Of Independence, Albert Winkler

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Exactly 500 years ago, the Swiss Confederation faced the final threat to its existence by the Habsburg family, and the occurrence is noteworthy for several reasons. The Swabian War was the last of a series of conflicts reaching back centuries in which the Swiss states had to ward off determined invasions from an external foe. Significantly, they did not have to do so again for nearly three centuries when the French armies overran the Confederation in 1798. The Swabian War also ended the threat of Habsburg or Austrian domination which had been a serious menace for many generations. The survival …