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2023

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Articles 17821 - 17850 of 18343

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Rural Healthcare Disparities In Preschool Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Zachary Enos Arnold Jan 2023

Rural Healthcare Disparities In Preschool Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Zachary Enos Arnold

All ETDs from UAB

Disparities in healthcare are widespread in rural communities, and families with a preschooler with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be especially impacted by a dearth of services. By exploring the information gathered from ASD diagnostic visits, the goal of the current study was to inform future research that aims to address access to quality care in the communities that need assistance the most. It was hypothesized that increasing rurality would worsen the following metrics: barriers to care (e.g., social disadvantage & pediatrician availability), clinical evaluation outcomes (e.g., age of diagnosis, language functioning, adaptive functioning, ASD severity), and access to …

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Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson Jan 2023

Magic! Missed Or Miracle?, Curt C. Anderson

All ETDs from UAB

Truth default theory holds that people do not expect or notice deception unless they are triggered to think outside their natural tendency to believe others (Levine, 2020). It follows that people may not notice something deceptive or seemingly impossible if they are not first primed to raise suspicion. This study tests truth-default theory and triggering in the context of magic tricks. It hypothesized that people could watch two magic tricks performed without realizing they just witnessed something impossible because they were not primed to be aware of the presence of the possibility of deception. The research design is a three-group …

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The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo Jan 2023

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Pain Severity And Functioning In A Pediatric Rheumatic Pain Population, Tolulope Adetayo

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) may exacerbate pain and impede functioning in children with chronic widespread pain. SES can be categorized as objective or subjective and assessed at individual, family, and neighborhood levels. However, most studies do not assess SES this comprehensively, thus, the true impact of SES on child health is likely unknown. The proposed study examined the unique and interactive effects of different measures of SES on pain severity and functioning in children with rheumatic conditions including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS), and non-specific musculoskeletal pain (NSMP). Methods: 88 children (32 JIA, 31 JPFS, …

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Analyzing Cannabinoid Stability In Different Conditions And Validating Novel Cannabinoids For Oral Fluid Analysis, Cody Paseur Jan 2023

Analyzing Cannabinoid Stability In Different Conditions And Validating Novel Cannabinoids For Oral Fluid Analysis, Cody Paseur

All ETDs from UAB

Oral fluid (OF) drug testing has been expanded to laboratory evidentiary confirmation testing in driving under the influence (DUI) cases. OF samples are collected by officers at the roadside using collection devices such as the Quantisal® device. Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) was the most prevalent drug in Alabama DUI casework in 2022. Δ9-THC remains a Schedule I drug in Alabama and federally. Current validated targets in cannabinoid oral fluid testing include Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, 9R-Δ10-THC, 9S-Δ10-THC 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OH), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OOH), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN). Due to the 2018 Farm Bill, cannabinoids derived from hemp with a Δ9-THC concentration less than …

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The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Antibiotic Resistance Development In Vibrio Vulnificus, Amber Marie Richardson Jan 2023

The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Antibiotic Resistance Development In Vibrio Vulnificus, Amber Marie Richardson

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Vibrio vulnificus is an environmentally encountered pathogen that humans may be exposed to through open wound contact with brackish waters or by ingestion of contaminated shellfish. In susceptible individuals, a V. vulnificus infection can spread rapidly, resulting in hospitalization, amputation, or even death. This bacterial species can cause aggressive infection, so treatment must often be aggressive as well. A typical treatment regimen includes combination therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin along with either a tetracycline or a fluoroquinolone. Although this method can work for now, antibiotic resistance is a looming threat that has emerged in many bacterial pathogens, including V. vulnificus. …

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Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein Jan 2023

Adaptive Behavior And Clinical Characteristics Of Children Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Brianna Stein

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The current study aimed to identify patterns of adaptive functioning in autistic children. Additionally, this study assessed predictors of adaptive functioning by examining whether cognitive ability predicted adaptive functioning in children with and without ASD and exploring whether expressive and receptive language predicted adaptive behavior and whether those relationships were moderated by an ASD diagnosis. Participants included 196 children who were evaluated for ASD at a tertiary care clinic. In this sample, 89 participants (45%) were diagnosed with ASD, 143 (73%) were male, and the average age was 6.63 years old (SD= 3.08). Profile analysis was used to evaluate the …

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Validation Of 'Bath Salts' Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Andrew Harris Jan 2023

Validation Of 'Bath Salts' Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Andrew Harris

All ETDs from UAB

New designer drugs are now being called “legal highs” because they were created to get around existing drug laws. This was done by modifying the molecular structures to create different chemical structures with similar effects to those illicit drugs. Synthetic cathinones, also referred to as ‘Bath Salts’, are the newest type of designer drugs that have stimulant effects. This research set out to validate a method for the separation and analysis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy Pyrovalerone 8 (3,4-Methylenedioxy PV8) 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N-Benzylcathinone (3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-BC), 4-Fluoro-alpha-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (4-Fluoro-alpha-PHP), 4-Methyl-alpha-Ethylaminopentiophenone (4-Methyl-alpha- EAPP), and N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine (N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)- 3,4-DMA). The parameters evaluated were limit of detection (LOD), interference, reproducibility, and …

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Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Str Amplification Reaction For Academic And Research Purposes, Ahana Chatterjee Jan 2023

Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Str Amplification Reaction For Academic And Research Purposes, Ahana Chatterjee

All ETDs from UAB

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing has been accepted globally as a gold standard for human identity testing. In 1997, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory’s newly developed Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) consisted of 13 core loci to be targeted while DNA typing. In this context, leading biotechnology companies like Promega (Madison WI), Applied Biosystem/Life Technologies (Foster City, CA) etc. offer commercial STR typing kits for crime laboratories. However, these expensive kits are not the most suitable for academic and research laboratories. Students learning the method of STR typing and researchers showing proof of concept do not require identifying …

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"Generous And Self-Devoted Being": Grief Psychology And Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Madison Hogg Jan 2023

"Generous And Self-Devoted Being": Grief Psychology And Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Madison Hogg

All ETDs from UAB

Scholarly discussion of the character Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein generally determines his fatal flaw to be an overly ambitious nature, deter-mining a denouncement of ambition as the novel's core moral aim. However, Franken-stein's experience of and avoidance of grief shapes his actions. Exploring how modern understandings from the field of grief psychology reflect Shelley's description of Frankenstein's inner life and experiences, the novel can be treated as a metaphor for grief and grieving. A grief-informed reading of the novel brings many of the novel's main themes—connection versus isolation, belonging, and empathy—into sharper relief than ambition-focused readings, casting more …

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Use Of Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy For Estimating Postmortem Interval, Age Of Bloodstains, Sex Og Blood Donor, And Species Differentiation, Olivia Glaze Jan 2023

Use Of Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy For Estimating Postmortem Interval, Age Of Bloodstains, Sex Og Blood Donor, And Species Differentiation, Olivia Glaze

All ETDs from UAB

Blood is a powerful form of evidence that can provide valuable information about a crime. Most commonly blood is a source of DNA, however, generating a DNA profile can be costly, time consuming, and sometimes is not possible. Consequently, it is important to have methods for gathering additional information from blood evidence. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a method commonly used in confirmatory testing of drugs, fibers, paints, and other substances of forensic interest. This method only requires a small amount of sample, is non-destructive, sample preparation is minimal, and analysis is relatively fast. Recent research …

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Preceding Footsteps In Revolution: The History Of The Southern Negro Youth Congress, Donnae' Hampton Jan 2023

Preceding Footsteps In Revolution: The History Of The Southern Negro Youth Congress, Donnae' Hampton

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis is a comprehensive history of the Southern Negro Youth Congress including the social circumstances that led to its formation, the work and people of the organization, and its impact and influence on future civil rights organizations and Black leftist movements of the late 1960s. The Southern Black communist organization was formed in 1937 and officially disbanded in 1949. SNYC committed itself to unionizing, educating, registering people to vote, and exposing racial horrors in the South for Black southerners. In 1939, SNYC moved its headquarters to Birmingham, Alabama. The segregated city of Birmingham in 1939 was the industrial center …

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A Colorblind Approach To Silencing African American Voices Through The Banning Of Critical Race Theory, Mia J. Freeman Jan 2023

A Colorblind Approach To Silencing African American Voices Through The Banning Of Critical Race Theory, Mia J. Freeman

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis focused on addressing the framing of criticisms of Toni Morrison's Beloved in the state of Virginia through the context of African American Criticism and Critical Race Theory. The methodology undertaken addresses the central research question, How might African American Criticism and Critical Race Theory provide a theoretical framework for responding to recent criticisms about Beloved? The researcher approached Beloved by historicizing select passages from the novel and situating those passages and the realities they reflect in the context of criticisms waged by parents and politicians. The thesis also explained how tenets of African American Criticism and Critical Race …

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Accuracy Of Ancestry Estimation In Forensic Anthropology: An Examination Of Select Nonmetric Methods, Mackenzie Miller Jan 2023

Accuracy Of Ancestry Estimation In Forensic Anthropology: An Examination Of Select Nonmetric Methods, Mackenzie Miller

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A goal of forensic anthropology is to aid in identifying unidentified human remains, often by creating a biological profile. An important piece of this profile is an ancestry estimate, and methodological accuracy is taken seriously. Traditional typological nonmetric methods of ancestry are heavily critiqued for being subjective and lacking scientific rigor in analysis. In addition, these methods are noted for conflating morphological traits with specific ancestral categories, ignoring the reality of continuous human variation. To combat this, scholars have proposed morphoscopic nonmetric methods as an alternative because they retain the accessibility popularized by typological methods but add a layer of …

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Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Driving Impairments Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alecia Mercier Jan 2023

Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Driving Impairments Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alecia Mercier

All ETDs from UAB

A developmental milestone that both contributes to and facilitates a successful transition into adulthood is the ability to drive. Despite the importance of driving on independence, only one in three autistic adolescents successfully obtain a driver’s license by age 21 compared to over three-fourths of non-autistic adolescents obtaining their licensure by 21 (Curry et al., 2018; Federal Highway Administration [FHA], 2020). The current study identified published findings related to autistic drivers and quantified the statistical significance of the conditions and driving contexts in which autistic drivers show the greatest risk for negative driving outcomes. A systematic search yielded 37 articles …

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Reframing The Study Of Peace Through The Lens Of Complex Adaptive Systems, Nick Mauro Jan 2023

Reframing The Study Of Peace Through The Lens Of Complex Adaptive Systems, Nick Mauro

All ETDs from UAB

Many researchers studying peace have posited that peace is a system. Although this approach has recently included steps to address complexity, current models have not sufficiently integrated their approach with complex adaptive systems to produce functionally dynamic models. Rather, current models describe peace systems as teleological and linear, which creates closed systems that do not incorporate feedback from the environment and, therefore, do not identify adaptive processes. Furthermore, these models reflect the state of a system, an arrangement of constituent parts in specific contexts, rather than capturing the complexity that is necessary for describing a dynamic system. To address these …

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Successful Aging Among Midlife Black Women: A Latent Class Analysis, Joshua Christian Julian Lewis Jan 2023

Successful Aging Among Midlife Black Women: A Latent Class Analysis, Joshua Christian Julian Lewis

All ETDs from UAB

Successful aging (SA), as outlined by Rowe and Khan, with its objective focus on disease and disability avoidance, maintaining high physical and cognitive function, and sustaining engagement in social and productive activities, was meant to be a benchmark for assessing health and aging. However, given its rigid criteria virtually no one “ages successfully” despite being in otherwise relatively good health. The assumption of unsuccessful aging in populations who experience a higher prevalence of chronic disease, illness, disability, and other health disparities, is implicit in the SA framework outlined by Rowe and Khan and would preclude many Black women from being …

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Pieces Of Me, Lorice Tolbert Jan 2023

Pieces Of Me, Lorice Tolbert

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Pieces of Me is a compilation of thoughts and memories in the form of micro-memoirs and short stories. Themes range from darker subject matters discussing abuse and grief to lighter topics such as hope and friendship. While each narrative may feature a different aspect, they are all parts of the same unique life experience. This work is about persevering, sometimes under strenuous circumstances, and finding your way to the other side.

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Family Members' Education And Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: Investigating The Mediating Role Of Health Behaviors, Lu Tian Jan 2023

Family Members' Education And Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: Investigating The Mediating Role Of Health Behaviors, Lu Tian

All ETDs from UAB

Despite a well-established relationship between education and cognitive performance in later life, few studies have considered the effects of educational attainment of the family. The education of one's parents can help prevent cognitive decline, as parents (G1) with more education can transfer more health knowledge, teach health literacy, and cultivate healthy lifestyles. This downward spillover between parental education (G1) and older adults’ (G2) cognitive health is well documented. For the downstream effect, attention is often given to maternal education rather than paternal education. Another line of research examined intergenerational transmissions from children (G3) to parents (G2), finding that having well-educated …

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Persuasion In Descriptions Of Medical Crowdfunding On Gofundme: When Children Fundraise For Their Mothers' Lung Cancer, Ziyu Zhao Jan 2023

Persuasion In Descriptions Of Medical Crowdfunding On Gofundme: When Children Fundraise For Their Mothers' Lung Cancer, Ziyu Zhao

All ETDs from UAB

Medical needs have become one of the top categories in online crowdfunding in the United States (Chandler, 2015). However, the level of donations falls short of what is needed to cover the high costs of healthcare (Norton, 2022; Young & Scheinberg, 2017). Therefore, more successful promotion of medical crowdfunding campaigns is crucial. This thesis research examined the influence of two persuasive factors, appeal type and cover images, in medical crowdfunding of lung cancer on backers’ donation behaviors on GoFundMe with manual coding and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). The study found no statistically reliable support for the hypotheses, perhaps …

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Us Tv News' Portrayal Of The Types Of Bystander Intervention In Public Scenes Of Conflict And/Or Duress, Audrey Shreiner Jan 2023

Us Tv News' Portrayal Of The Types Of Bystander Intervention In Public Scenes Of Conflict And/Or Duress, Audrey Shreiner

All ETDs from UAB

This research aims to analyze the types of bystander intervention in public scenes of conflict and/ or duress as presented by United States (U.S.) broadcast media news sources, specifically television (TV). Stories of bystander intervention are regularly featured in news coverage of mass media. As a source of information and entertainment, media is a space of cultural (re)formation. Video analysis of real-life behavior, rather than lab constructs, expands the possibility of what can be observed of human behavior. This is what has expanded the understanding of the behavior of bystander intervention and has challenged the theory of the bystander effect. …

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Investigating The Reproductive Biology Of The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle And The Diamondback Terrapin: Implications For Conservation, Robby Joseph Brannum Jan 2023

Investigating The Reproductive Biology Of The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle And The Diamondback Terrapin: Implications For Conservation, Robby Joseph Brannum

All ETDs from UAB

The studies conducted within this thesis used physiological-based methodologies to assess the reproductive and developmental biology of two threatened turtle species. Chapter one investigates the decreased clutch frequency hypothesis as a potential cause for the recent loss in the 19% annual recovery rate in the Kemp’s ridley, Lepidochelys kempii. This study combined ultrasonography, testosterone analysis, and PIT tag assessment methods to re-evaluate the clutch frequency of Kemp’s ridleys nesting at the primary nesting beach of Rancho Nuevo. Results estimated a clutch frequency of 2.6 nests per female per season, suggesting that decreases in clutch frequency are not a potential factor …

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Increasing Naloxone Access For Persons Who Use Opioids: An Online Recruitment And Training Approach To Opioid Overdose Education And Naloxone Distribution, Michelle L. Sisson Jan 2023

Increasing Naloxone Access For Persons Who Use Opioids: An Online Recruitment And Training Approach To Opioid Overdose Education And Naloxone Distribution, Michelle L. Sisson

All ETDs from UAB

Drug overdose is the primary cause of accidental death in the United States, with a majority of those fatalities involving opioids. Annual rates of fatal opioid overdoses have exponentially increased over the past two decades, leading to the declaration of the current opioid epidemic. The severity of the epidemic has increased due to an upsurge in the use of heroin, synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl), and the lacing of other substances with synthetic opioids. As such, federal agencies have made recommendations aimed at combating fatal opioid overdose including the enhancement of naloxone distribution. Administration of naloxone has been expanded from emergency …

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Rates, Presentation, & Effects Of Public Autism Stigma, Monica Abdul-Chani Jan 2023

Rates, Presentation, & Effects Of Public Autism Stigma, Monica Abdul-Chani

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Limited availability of resources regarding developmental issues, health literacy, linguistic-sensitivity (i.e., use of linguistically appropriate resources and measures), structural barriers (i.e., appointment length, transportation), and cultural values and beliefs are commonly-cited barriers in identifying Latine autistic children. Stigma may also play a role, as it is negatively related to both knowledge/awareness within ASD and to acculturation in other disorders (i.e., HIV). Stigma can have detrimental, pervasive effects on daily living for those stigmatized and their families. Limited research examined the rate, presentation, and effect of ASD stigma within the Latine community, and all available studies explored stigma as reported by …

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Unveiling The Unknown Rna-Binding Landscape Of Srsf1, Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala De Silva Jan 2023

Unveiling The Unknown Rna-Binding Landscape Of Srsf1, Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala De Silva

All ETDs from UAB

SRSF1 is a prototypical SR protein and its interactions with single stranded RNA (ssRNA) are crucial in mRNA splicing. Its RNA-binding specificity is governed by the RNA-binding Domain (RBD), which contains two RNA Recognition Motifs (RRMs) tethered by a flexible linker. Its C-terminal unstructured Serine-Arginine-rich (RS) domain has been believed to bind RNA non-specifically so far. Although SRSF1 is known to bind a variety of RNA containing its RRM-cognate motifs, its interactions with such RNA have been poorly characterized. Therefore, we explore how SRSF1 achieves a broad RNA-binding specificity ranging from ssRNA to G-quadruplex (GQ) RNA. According to our Fluorescence …

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The Er Stress-Pathogen Nexus In Regulation Of Cell Death In Arabidopsis Immunity, Danish Diwan Jan 2023

The Er Stress-Pathogen Nexus In Regulation Of Cell Death In Arabidopsis Immunity, Danish Diwan

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Pathogens and plants are involved in a coevolutionary battle for dominance. As plants lack adaptive immune systems, they rely on their innate immunity to protect themselves from infectious agents. Upon pathogen attack, plant cells activate their pro-survival strategy by recognizing the pathogen and actively transcribing and translating proteins to effectively defend against the pathogen infection. As the intensity of infection increases, the heightened demand for proteins places an excessive burden on the ER machinery resulting in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the ER. To restore the protein homeostasis, a cellular relief signaling pathway called Unfolded Protein Response …

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Enhancing Racial Identity And Promoting Academic Enablers In Black Adolescent Males Through Film Viewing, Carlos Napoleon Espinoza Jan 2023

Enhancing Racial Identity And Promoting Academic Enablers In Black Adolescent Males Through Film Viewing, Carlos Napoleon Espinoza

All ETDs from UAB

Among Black adolescent males, classroom discrimination is associated with lower academic performance, academic self-concept, and value placed on education. Although efforts aimed at eliminating racism and discrimination should be made, it is important to identify interventions that may mitigate the effects of discrimination on academic outcomes of Black adolescent males. Previously identified protective factors include positive racial socialization, positive racial identity, and Black role models. Thus, this project attempted to integrate these protective factors into a unified intervention approach in which Black role models deliver positive racial socialization messages to enhance positive racial identity and academic enablers through films. Preexisting …

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Investigating The Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Gene Expression And Dna Methylation In Rainbow Trout And Zebrafish, Khalid Walid Freij Jan 2023

Investigating The Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Gene Expression And Dna Methylation In Rainbow Trout And Zebrafish, Khalid Walid Freij

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With the expansion of the aquaculture industry, sustainable shifts in aquaculture must be made to access nutrients essential to human health in response to a decline in marine resources for aquafeeds. Along with shifts in aquafeed composition, selective breeding programs aid in enhancing production-related traits, like growth and feed efficiency, and disease resistance to improve overall profits. Dietary components are important in relation to the growth and metabolism of fishes. Recent research has focused on the benefits of micronutrient supplementation (e.g., choline, methionine, selenium, etc.) on growth performance in fishes. Rainbow trout are a commercially important aquaculture species in the …

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Variation In The Gut Microbiome In Response To Nutrition In Danio Rerio, George Brian Hadley Green Jan 2023

Variation In The Gut Microbiome In Response To Nutrition In Danio Rerio, George Brian Hadley Green

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Like humans, Danio rerio, commonly known as the zebrafish, generally harbor millions of gut microbes, whose commensal microbial organisms aid in digestive physiology, nutrition, and host health. The emergence of high throughput sequencing technology (HTS) enables researchers to sequence collective microbial genomes, providing information on the composition of entire microbial communities, as well as the dynamics across taxa encompassing the overall community. Thus, the advancement of genome sequencing and metagenomic analysis have provided a broader understanding of resident and exogenous microbes across biological model organisms. These technologies have enabled researchers to review a spectrum of endogenous and exogenous factors influencing …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of High Entropy Borides Under High-Pressure And High-Temperature Environments, Seth David Iwan Jan 2023

Synthesis And Characterization Of High Entropy Borides Under High-Pressure And High-Temperature Environments, Seth David Iwan

All ETDs from UAB

The high-entropy materials containing five or more constituent elements are of current interest because of enhancement in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties that are not achievable by simple elements or binary alloys. In this thesis, high pressure and high temperature synthesis studies have been carried out on High-Entropy Borides(HEB) like (Hf0.2, Mo0.2, Nb0.2, Ta0.2, Zr0.2)B2 , (Hf0.2, Mo0.2, Nb0.2, Ta0.2, Ti0.2)B2, and (Hf0.2, Ti0.2, Zr0.2, Ta0.2, Mo0.2)B2, at the Advanced Photon Source(APS) High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) Facility. These High Entropy materials are synthesized under high pressure and high temperature starting from a precursor powder composed of desired transition …

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The Effects Of Genetics, Sex, And Physical Activity On Organismal Fitness, Heidi Johnson Jan 2023

The Effects Of Genetics, Sex, And Physical Activity On Organismal Fitness, Heidi Johnson

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Physical activity is an integral part of health in most organisms; however, depending on the amount and type of physical activity, the results may be either protective or harmful. We see this in human populations where sedentary behaviors can lead to dangerous health conditions while repeated strenuous exercise can lead to long-term damage. Additionally, genetic background and sex influence the physiological response to physical activity, but the exact mechanisms of these interactions are still not well understood. The importance of physical activity patterns extends beyond humans. In model organisms, physical activity has been observed to have many significant impacts in …

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