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2023

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Articles 17791 - 17820 of 18343

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Impact Of Covid-19 On A Smoking Cessation Intervention: A Look At Recruitment And Retention, Elizabeth S. Hawes Jan 2023

Impact Of Covid-19 On A Smoking Cessation Intervention: A Look At Recruitment And Retention, Elizabeth S. Hawes

All ETDs from UAB

While smoking prevalence rates have declined in the general population over the past 50 years, persons in the criminal legal population have disproportionally high rates of smoking. Previous research suggests that smoking cessation interventions and campaigns have missed targeting this population. Due to the COVD-19 pandemic, many ongoing clinical trials had to rapidly shift to using remote trials, including our smoking cessation trial with the criminal legal population. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare recruitment rate, study adherence, retention, NRT adherence, and quit attempts for participants who completed the study as planned (In Person), after implementation of …

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Domesticating Recolution: Cairene Collective Housing (1867-1960) & The Reconstruction Of Visual Privacy, Kelsea Izor Jan 2023

Domesticating Recolution: Cairene Collective Housing (1867-1960) & The Reconstruction Of Visual Privacy, Kelsea Izor

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to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s experimentation with modern architecture in 1956, Cairo experimented with the collective housing unit between 1867 and 1955. Privacy, a central value in middle-class Cairene society, permeated the architectural construction of the collective housing unit, primarily adopting screened fenestration to ensure women’s privacy. In this thesis, I argue that in the collective mid twentieth-century housing units of Nasr City, a utopian style city planned by the Nasser administration, a visual shift in the façade suggests a social shift in the public visibility of Cairene women. Further, I argue that the collective housing units in Nasr …

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Examining Associations Between Sources Of Stress And Experimental Pain Sensitivity In Pediatric Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Corinne Taylor Evans Jan 2023

Examining Associations Between Sources Of Stress And Experimental Pain Sensitivity In Pediatric Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Corinne Taylor Evans

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Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are one of the most common pain complaints among children and adolescents. Research demonstrates a relationship between multiple sources of stress and pain responses. However, research has not yet explored the role of stress in pain processing and sensitivity in youth with FAPDs. Thus, the present study aimed to examine associations between biopsychosocial sources of stress and experimental pain sensitivity in pediatric patients with FAPDs. Additionally, racial differences in clinical and experimental pain responses were explored. Analytical findings did not support hypotheses as the biological, social, and psychological sources of stress did not predict experimental …

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Adverse Childhood Experiences And Chronic Low Back Pain In Adulthood: Roles Of Emotion Regulation And Socioeconomic Status, Pavithra Andrea Thomas Jan 2023

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Chronic Low Back Pain In Adulthood: Roles Of Emotion Regulation And Socioeconomic Status, Pavithra Andrea Thomas

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have profound deleterious effects on physical health and psychological functioning in adulthood. ACEs may be a social determinant of chronic pain development and severity in adulthood; however, little research to date has investigated the psychological processes that might underlie this association. Emotion regulation, an established transdiagnostic risk factor underlying psychopathological conditions, may be a potential mediator of the relationship between ACEs and pain. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with greater risk of ACEs and poor chronic pain outcomes, yet research has not clarified the role of subjective versus objective determinants of socioeconomic factors within these …

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Correlates Of Life Space Mobility, Driving Frequency And Exposure Amon Older Blacks/African Americans And Whites With Diabetes, Henrietta Armah Jan 2023

Correlates Of Life Space Mobility, Driving Frequency And Exposure Amon Older Blacks/African Americans And Whites With Diabetes, Henrietta Armah

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases among older adults, affecting all aspects of daily living including restricted life space mobility, driving and building relationships outside of the home. The aim of this study was to investigate the covariate-adjusted associations of cognitive functioning, depressive symptoms, amount of support received and satisfaction with support with life space mobility, driving frequency and driving exposure among Blacks/African Americans and Whites with diabetes. The study used a representative sample of 247 older adults aged 65 and above from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Diabetes and Aging Study of Health …

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Large-Scale Mining Of Dense Subgraphs: Algorithms And Systems, Jalal Khalil Jan 2023

Large-Scale Mining Of Dense Subgraphs: Algorithms And Systems, Jalal Khalil

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Quasi-cliques and k-plexes are dense structures with established significance in graph mining, offering flexibility and resilience to data anomalies. However, mining these structures poses computational challenges due to their NP-hardness. In this study, we address these challenges and propose solutions for efficient mining, in addition to visualization tools for tuning and analysis. For quasi-clique mining, we adapted the distributed solution (G-thinker) [1] to a sharedmemory multi-core environment, making it accessible to average users. Our solution is two orders of magnitude faster than the recent solution by [2], and it scales almost ideally with the number of CPU cores. To facilitate …

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Alternating Current Electrospinning And Characterization Of Nanofibrous Fish Skin Gelatin As An Innovative Biomaterial Platform, Amanda Kennell Jan 2023

Alternating Current Electrospinning And Characterization Of Nanofibrous Fish Skin Gelatin As An Innovative Biomaterial Platform, Amanda Kennell

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A biomaterial for tissue repair is globally sought after, as transplant surgeries and general wound healing have a strong need for a manufactured scaffold that mimics the natural body’s tissue in morphology, composition, and properties. This research presents a nanofibrous (NF) fish skin gelatin-based (FSG) substrate fabricated through an uncommon high-yield method of Alternating Current electrospinning that mimics that can mimic the natural body’s extracellular matrix (ECM). An ECM is the first step in tissue repair. Fabrication through electrospinning gave the NF FSG substrate an identical mimic of the natural body’s extracellular matrix morphology with nanofiber diameter on the order …

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Investigating Scientific Self-Concept In The General Chemistry Laboratory While Performing Course-Based Undergraduate Research Throughout A Pandemic, Josh Forakis Jan 2023

Investigating Scientific Self-Concept In The General Chemistry Laboratory While Performing Course-Based Undergraduate Research Throughout A Pandemic, Josh Forakis

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Climate change, waste management crises, and global pandemics emphasize the need for a thriving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce, and one of the jobs of STEM educators is to provide meaningful educational experiences that engage STEM students in scientific practices, broaden their worldview, and prepare them for a future career in the scientific field. Undergraduate research experiences have been shown to benefit STEM students, but few students can participate, especially at early stages in their undergraduate studies. To broaden participation in undergraduate research, an honors general chemistry laboratory course was converted into a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) …

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An Examination Of Clinical Pain Severity, Sleep Quality, And Neighborhood Disadvantage In A Racially/Ethically Diverse Sample Of Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Cesar Emmanuel Gonzalez Jan 2023

An Examination Of Clinical Pain Severity, Sleep Quality, And Neighborhood Disadvantage In A Racially/Ethically Diverse Sample Of Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Cesar Emmanuel Gonzalez

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Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is often accompanied by insomnia symptoms, character-ized by difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or both. Among individuals with knee OA, up to 31% report significant difficulty falling asleep, 81% have difficulties staying asleep, and up to 77% report any sleep problem. However, the sleep and pain relationship has also rarely been evaluated using objective and subjective sleep measures. Thus, this study attempted to characterize objective and subjective sleep variables in a diverse sam-ple of individuals with symptomatic knee OA. Further, the impact of objective and sub-jective sleep quality on clinical pain severity, movement-evoked pain, and physical func-tion …

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Realization Of Hyperbolic Laminations And Properties Of Limit Laminations, Adam Carty Jan 2023

Realization Of Hyperbolic Laminations And Properties Of Limit Laminations, Adam Carty

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The dynamics of polynomials is a topic of great interest for those studying complex dynamics. Polynomial dynamics is concerned with how collections of points behave under iteration of a polynomial P. The Julia set of P, which is the boundary of the collection of points which iterate off to ∞, is an interesting collection of points to look at because P is sensitive to small pertubations of points in the Julia set. Thanks to the work of William Thurston, we have a tool known as a lamination (a closed collection of chords in the unit disk D which do not …

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Functional Least Squares Minimization, Kyoung Joo Cox Jan 2023

Functional Least Squares Minimization, Kyoung Joo Cox

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In this thesis, we forecast the trend and price of a selected stock using four new algorithms and a previous mathematical model built from economic ‘tendencies’. We use a new variational regularization method to determine the coefficients of the delay differential equation in the previous mathematical model. We also apply our new approach to obtaining initial points for the regularization method as well as a technique for mitigating the exponential growth model error throughout the minimization process of the regularization method. Lastly, we use the newly discovered coefficients together with a new iterative improvement procedure and a knowledge of the …

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The Global And Local Correspondence Between Unicritical And Maximally Critical Laminations And The Realization Of Laminations To Julia Sets, Brittany Burdette Jan 2023

The Global And Local Correspondence Between Unicritical And Maximally Critical Laminations And The Realization Of Laminations To Julia Sets, Brittany Burdette

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In this thesis, we first discuss the concept of laminations which was initially introduced by Thurston [1] as a way to understand quadratic polynomials and their parameter space. Laminations are a combinatorial way to model Julia sets. We go into detail explaining the introductory definitions in hopes it makes the following chapters easier to follow. In the next chapter, we go into detail discussing unicritical laminations and laminations with a single critical moment (SCM). We show there is a one - to - one correspondence between globally unicritical laminations and single critical moment laminations. The goal in this correspondence is …

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Generalization Of The Limit-Point & Limit-Circle Classification To Equations With Distributional Coefficients, Varun Bhardwaj Jan 2023

Generalization Of The Limit-Point & Limit-Circle Classification To Equations With Distributional Coefficients, Varun Bhardwaj

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This thesis aims to generalize the limit-point & limit-circle classification to a system with complex valued distributional coefficients and re-establish the relationship between the number of linearly independent square integrable solutions and the convergence of the circle consisting of Titchmarsh-Weyl m functions to a point or a circle in the complex plane. We begin by discussing linear relations, distributions of orders 0 and measures, and ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, we present some preliminary results that will help us generalize the classification of limit-points and limit-circles. With the preliminary results in hand, we develop the limit-point and limit-circle classification, following Weyl …

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Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibiting Small Molecules With Anticariogenic Activity, Parmanand Ahirwar Jan 2023

Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibiting Small Molecules With Anticariogenic Activity, Parmanand Ahirwar

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Dental caries, a highly prevalent disease, is characterized by the erosion of the tooth surface. This disease is caused by the oral bacteria living in complex communities called biofilms. Streptococcus mutans, among the various pathogenic bacterial species inhabiting the oral cavity, is considered to be the major etiological agent for dental caries. This bacterium forms robust biofilms capable of producing significant amounts of acid, leading to the demineralization of hydroxyapatite in the tooth enamel and subsequent erosion over time. Biofilm penetration into the dentin and pulp causes severe pain, while the entry of the bacteria into the bloodstream can result …

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Exploring The Regulatory Mechanisms Of Ire1 Signaling In Biotic And Abiotic Stress Responses In Arabidopsis, Taiaba Afrin Jan 2023

Exploring The Regulatory Mechanisms Of Ire1 Signaling In Biotic And Abiotic Stress Responses In Arabidopsis, Taiaba Afrin

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Given their immobility, plants have various survival strategies, including the critical ability to recognize and respond to stressors. Exposure to different environmental and intracellular signals triggers significant modifications in stress response regulators' expression. These changes often occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where a rise in protein synthesis can overwhelm the system, accumulating misfolded proteins and activating a mechanism known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is a complex regulatory network with three primary branches in eukaryotic systems. The IRE1-mediated pathway is the most conserved among UPR signaling branches. In Arabidopsis, IRE1 splices bZIP60 mRNA and produces a functional …

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Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Mental Health Outcomes In Youth Who Are Underserved, Melanie Grace Albright Jan 2023

Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Intervention On Mental Health Outcomes In Youth Who Are Underserved, Melanie Grace Albright

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olescence, a period of rapid brain maturation and development coincides with the development of mental health disorders. Many teens in the United States with diagnosable mental health conditions lack mental health treatment due to limited access and provider availability, particularly affecting adolescents who are underserved. School-based interventions, including those centered around mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) have shown promise in their effectiveness among adolescents. This study examines the impact of an in-school MBSR-based program, MindUP, on mental health outcomes, including depressive symptomology, anxiety symptomology, and perceived stress, in adolescents who are underserved. Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with students participating …

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Restoring Justice On Their Terms: The Path To Healing For Tulsa And Birmingham, Kameryn Thigpen Jan 2023

Restoring Justice On Their Terms: The Path To Healing For Tulsa And Birmingham, Kameryn Thigpen

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This thesis is a comparative case study examining the impact of the Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921 and the Birmingham Sixteenth Street Church Bombing in 1963. The comparative case study method aims to study how both communities educated the public about racial violence through the nonprofit sector. This research explores the racial structures that were in place during the time. This thesis argues for the role of the government in providing diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion training for federal employees. This research also discusses the government's contribution to advancing social equity.

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Parental Psychological Distress And Perception Of Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Potential Role Of Parental Resources, Abigail Jeanette Anderson Jan 2023

Parental Psychological Distress And Perception Of Children's Externalizing Behaviors: Potential Role Of Parental Resources, Abigail Jeanette Anderson

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The relations between parental psychological distress and parental resources in the perception and emergence of early childhood externalizing behaviors were investigated in a longitudinal study with a cross-lagged design. Both mothers and fathers participated in a longitudinal study, which began prenatally when parents were in the third trimester of pregnancy, with follow-up assessments when children were 6 months, 18 months, and 4 years of age. Parents reported on their own psychological distress, coping self-efficacy, and social support satisfaction during all four time points, and reported on their child’s externalizing behaviors during the latter two timepoints. Results suggest that mothers’ psychological …

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Investigating The Role Of A Novel Subpopulation Of Pd-L1+ Quiescent Melanocyte Stem Cells In Pigmentation, Joseph W. Palmer Jan 2023

Investigating The Role Of A Novel Subpopulation Of Pd-L1+ Quiescent Melanocyte Stem Cells In Pigmentation, Joseph W. Palmer

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have drastically improved cancer treatments and increased the overall survival rate of many cancer patients. Currently, one of the most active areas of research involves inhibitors to the interaction of programmed death 1 (PD- 1) found on T cells and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) found on tumor cells. However, PD-L1 expression is not limited to cancer cells and physiological expression of PD-L1 can be found in tissues throughout the body. One notable side-effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies is the return of pigmentation to previously gray hairs suggesting that quiescent melanocyte stem cells (qMcSCs) are retained gray hairs …

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Production, Purification And Radiochemistry Development Of Manganese-52 Fir Characterization Of Pet/Mr Imaging Agents, Jennifer Marie Pyles Jan 2023

Production, Purification And Radiochemistry Development Of Manganese-52 Fir Characterization Of Pet/Mr Imaging Agents, Jennifer Marie Pyles

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Manganese (Mn) has the potential to be an important element in biomedical research as different isotopes of Mn have the characteristics to be used for both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Manganese(II) (55Mn) is paramagnetic which makes it useful as a contrast agent in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mn as a radiotracer provides excellent sensitivity for studying 55Mn, but only Manganese-52 (52Mn) met the criteria for this research. 52Mn has a half-life (t1/2 = 5.591 days) that was long enough to optimize purification, chemistry and examine timepoints over several days. 52Mn decays by positron emission …

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Expansion In Eigenfunctions For Systems Of Ordinary Differential Equations Without The Unique Continuation Property, Steven Redolfi Jan 2023

Expansion In Eigenfunctions For Systems Of Ordinary Differential Equations Without The Unique Continuation Property, Steven Redolfi

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In this document we consider differential equations where the coefficients are matrices whose entries are distributions of order zero satisfying certain criteria. The derivative which occurs in the equation is the distributional derivative. Chapter 1, sections 1-7 contain information necessary to understand for the reading of Chapters 2 and 3. Section 8 gives a brief introduction to what has been done so far and our goal. Thereafter, in Chapter 2, it is shown that self-adjoint restrictions of the maximal relation to the differential equation are still given by boundary conditions. With that done, given a self-adjoint restriction of the maximal …

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Enhancing Plant Functional Annotation By Integrating Graph Convolutional Networks And Natural Language Processing, Nilesh Kumar Jan 2023

Enhancing Plant Functional Annotation By Integrating Graph Convolutional Networks And Natural Language Processing, Nilesh Kumar

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Studying plant gene function is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. This knowledge can improve crop yields and food security by developing plants resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stress. Moreover, understanding plant gene function can also aid in environmental conservation efforts by providing insight into the mechanisms that plants use to adapt to changing environments and can help preserve endan-gered plant species. For several reasons, studying gene function in plants can be more challenging than in animals. Plant genomes are larger and more complex than animal genomes, making it harder to …

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Machine Learning And Latent Space Representation Of Optical Responses In Nanostructures And Thin Films, David J. Hoxie Jan 2023

Machine Learning And Latent Space Representation Of Optical Responses In Nanostructures And Thin Films, David J. Hoxie

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The ability to tune optical responses in nanophotonics makes this class of materials useful for a broad range of applications, such as drug delivery systems, molecular sensing, green energy, and telecommunications, to name a few. Optical responses that offer strong resonance at small optical mode volume are often sought, requiring manipulation of many material properties i.e., refractive index and nanostructure shape. Machine learning has recently been employed to optimize photonic elements more efficiently. Machine learning optimization of optical responses suffers from reproducibility and accuracy issues due different nanostructures producing similar optical responses. To increase reliability and accuracy in recent neural …

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Molecular Phenotyping Of Serum Iga1 0-Glycoforms In The Context Of Iga Nephropthy, Ellenore P. Craine Jan 2023

Molecular Phenotyping Of Serum Iga1 0-Glycoforms In The Context Of Iga Nephropthy, Ellenore P. Craine

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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an autoimmune disease that is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world, and results in end-stage renal disease in 40% of patients. In IgAN, human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) has reduced levels of galactose (Gal) in the IgA1 O-glycosylated hinge region (HR) known as Gal deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). These Gd-IgA1 glycoforms, which are elevated in circulation of IgAN patients, are recognized by Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies, resulting in the formation of pathogenic immune complexes (CICs). Some of these CICs accumulate in the mesangium of glomeruli and induce kidney injury. Although the link between these deposits and …

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Optoelectronic Properties Of Microstructures Of 3d And 2d Hybrid Perovskites, Bibek Singh Dhami Jan 2023

Optoelectronic Properties Of Microstructures Of 3d And 2d Hybrid Perovskites, Bibek Singh Dhami

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Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have attracted great interest from both academia and industry. This class of materials possesses outstanding electrical and optical properties such as high absorption coefficient, large carrier diffusion lengths, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Changing the chemical compositions or the dimensionality of these materials provides additional knobs for band gap tunability. Many studies have now shown the promise of this material system as viable for applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and transistors. However, the performance of these devices depends critically on the techniques employed for the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Different synthesis techniques result …

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The Association Of Cognitive And Physical Functioning With Health And Mortality Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans, Cheyanne Celine Barba Jan 2023

The Association Of Cognitive And Physical Functioning With Health And Mortality Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans, Cheyanne Celine Barba

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Puerto Rico has experienced a rapid increase in the older adult population over the last decade. With a growing older adult population, the importance of healthy aging becomes increasingly more important to understand. Understanding the impact that impairments in cognitive and physical functioning have on older adults in Puerto Rico will be important to supporting the rapidly aging population. The current project proposed to (1) examine predictors of transition to frailty, (2) examine whether cognitive function and frailty are associated with healthcare utilization, and (3) examine frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality and Alzheimer’s disease related cause of …

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Patterns Of Fatal Drug Overdose_ A Multi-City Investigation Of Geospatial Correlates, Keith R. Chichester Jan 2023

Patterns Of Fatal Drug Overdose_ A Multi-City Investigation Of Geospatial Correlates, Keith R. Chichester

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Fatal drug overdoses are now the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., responsible for over 107,600 deaths in 2021. Since 2000 the rate of overdose fatalities has increased over 140%. This epidemic has been particularly impactful in rural areas as from 2006-2016, the rural overdose death rate surpassed those in urban areas. Geospatial analytics provide an effective strategy for identifying profiles and patterns in the spatial distribution of overdose locations as well as geographic and demographic variables that associate with overdose occurrences. Furthermore, predictive risk modeling platforms allow for the identification of anticipated overdose hotspots across a geography …

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Gender Differences In Clinical Profiles Of Children And Adolescents Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Jeremy J. Cottle Jan 2023

Gender Differences In Clinical Profiles Of Children And Adolescents Referred For An Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluation, Jeremy J. Cottle

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The current study aimed to examine sex differences in clinical profiles of children and adolescents referred for an ASD evaluation, including ASD symptoms and associated clinical features. Specifically, the study aimed to include females who may be mis- or un-der-diagnosed by current ASD diagnostic procedures in order to characterize this phenotypically diverse population. Participants included 1,099 children and adolescents who were referred for an ASD evaluation at a tertiary care clinic. In this sample, 276 participants (25.11%) were female, 602 participants (54.8%) were diagnosed with ASD, and the average age was 5.97 years old (SD = 3.60). Independent samples t-tests, …

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Eating Disorder Symptoms In Transgender Adults: The Impact Of Gender Dysphoria And Minority Stress On Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Elliott Botelho Jan 2023

Eating Disorder Symptoms In Transgender Adults: The Impact Of Gender Dysphoria And Minority Stress On Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Elliott Botelho

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Background: Transgender individuals experience more mental health challenges than their cisgender counterparts, and a growing area of research suggests that transgender in-dividuals are at increased risk of eating disorder symptoms. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience model may help explain this health disparity in eating disorder symptoms. The model theorizes that this disproportionate mental health burden, such as eating disor-der symptoms, may arise from the stresses of belonging to a minoritized group. Another factor that may account for eating disorder disparities is gender dysphoria, a distressing and clinically significant state many transgender individuals experience when their physi-cal appearance is incongruent …

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Indicators Of The Social Environment And Cognition In An Older Population Of Puerto Rican Adults, Erin E. Ballard Jan 2023

Indicators Of The Social Environment And Cognition In An Older Population Of Puerto Rican Adults, Erin E. Ballard

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Isolation and other indicators of poor social environment have been associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline. Overall evidence for this association is mixed, with most studies being conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (aka “WEIRD”) societies. Religiosity may moderate this relationship between less robust social environments and cognition by buffering the negative effects of stress. The primary aim of this study is to assess the relationship between indicators of the social environment and psychological distress (depressive symptoms) and cognitive decline in a population-based sample of older Puerto Rican adults (n=3,557) across two time-points. Social environment included …

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