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2016

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Dna Damage Induces Invasion Of Mcf-7(Human Breast Adenocarcinoma) Cells, Ronald Steven Chavez Dec 2016

Dna Damage Induces Invasion Of Mcf-7(Human Breast Adenocarcinoma) Cells, Ronald Steven Chavez

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Abstract of the Thesis DNA Damage induces invasion of MCF-7 (Human Breast Adenocarcinoma) Cells by Ronald S. Chavez Master of Science in Biochemistry and Cell Biology Stony Brook University 2016 Breast Cancer is a common malignancy in American and European women, and approximately one-third of these women develop metastasis and die from the disease. Chemotherapy is widely used to treat breast cancer and is known to extend survival of patients. Despite this fact, a small percentage of cells can endure and gain resistance to these treatments. Clinicians have sought to increase the time and intensity of these doses to reduce …

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Replacement Of Potassium Chloride By Potassium Glutamate Enhances The In Vitro Proteolytic Activity Of Lon Protease, Poorna Kannan Dec 2016

Replacement Of Potassium Chloride By Potassium Glutamate Enhances The In Vitro Proteolytic Activity Of Lon Protease, Poorna Kannan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Abstract of the Thesis Replacement of Potassium Chloride by Potassium Glutamate Enhances the In Vitro Proteolytic Activity of Lon Protease By Poorna Kannan Master of Science In Biochemistry and Cell Biology Stony Brook University Critical for cell survival, protein quality control and protein turnover are orchestrated by AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) proteases. In bacteria, Lon protease is one such ATP-dependent enzyme whose function, among others, includes degradation of misfolded proteins (1). In Yersinia pestis Lon protease is central to host invasion and pathogenicity. Among several substrates of Lon is the regulator of virulence A (RovA), a temperature-sensing …

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Sphingolipids In Breast Cancer Progression And Inflammatory Responses, Benjamin J Newcomb Dec 2016

Sphingolipids In Breast Cancer Progression And Inflammatory Responses, Benjamin J Newcomb

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Acid Sphingomyelianse (ASM) is a key regulatory enzyme that produces the bioactive lipid ceramide, which is converted into other sphingolipids by enzymes such as Ceramide Kinase (CERK). Previous literature has implicated ASM and CERK in inflammatory signaling, but the specific role of ASM and CERK as mediators of inflammatory signaling in breast cancer has remained elusive. In this work, we delineated the role of ASM in p38 activation and subsequent IL-6 production, as well as the role of CERK as a downstream effector of activated ASM. Since previous literature has shown that TNF-α induced dramatic alterations in the sphingolipid profile …

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Functional Consequences Of A Putative Mek1 Phosphorylation Site On Rad17 During Meiosis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Madeeha Rahat Dec 2016

Functional Consequences Of A Putative Mek1 Phosphorylation Site On Rad17 During Meiosis In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Madeeha Rahat

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division, which produces haploid daughter cells from diploid parental cells. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the introduction of programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are catalyzed by an evolutionarily conserved, meiosis-specific endonuclease, Spo11. Meiotic cells monitor the repair of Spo11-induced DSBs via the meiotic recombination checkpoint (MRC), which is activated in response to DSBs made during meiotic prophase. The MRC ensures proper repair of DSBs prior to entry into the first meiotic division. The Mec1 checkpoint kinase is recruited to resected DSBs via the 9-1-1 complex containing Rad17, Mec3 and Ddc1. Mec1 …

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Phic31 Integrase As A More Efficient Method Of Transgenesis In Zebrafish, Andrew Scortea Dec 2016

Phic31 Integrase As A More Efficient Method Of Transgenesis In Zebrafish, Andrew Scortea

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Zebrafish transgenesis is conventionally performed via the tol2 transposable element system as it is the most straightforward, providing quick and easy transgenesis. Despite being commonly used in the zebrafish community, tol2 mediated transgenesis has issues that cause workflow slowdowns and delays. The biggest of these issues are the random nonspecific integrations which can occur multiple times within a genome. In order to generate a stable transgenic line with a single insertion, one must perform several generations of outcrosses and subsequent screening. Thus, while tol2 transgenesis is effective at generating founder animals, a considerable amount of time and labor is required …

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Topics In Yeast Sporulation, Patrick Singer Dec 2016

Topics In Yeast Sporulation, Patrick Singer

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Yeast sporulation is the process by which yeast cells under limiting nutrient conditions are able to alter their nuclear division cycle from mitotic division to meiotic division, resulting in development of up to 4 spores per diploid cell. Spores are a hardy cell type that can survive until nutrient conditions improve. Under particularly severe conditions, sporulating cells only produce 2 spores, in an arrangement known as a non-sister dyad (NSD). NSDs contain the two spores with the youngest spindle pole bodies (SPBs), which are produced in meiosis II. The SPBs are the central nucleating point of prospore membranes. A scaffolding …

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Aging-Related Elevation Of Sphingoid Bases Shortens Yeast Chronological Life Span By Compromising Mitochondrial Function, Jae Kyo Yi Dec 2016

Aging-Related Elevation Of Sphingoid Bases Shortens Yeast Chronological Life Span By Compromising Mitochondrial Function, Jae Kyo Yi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Aging is the biological process of growing older in a deleterious sense, senescence. However, what we have gained only comprises a partial and incomplete understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the metabolism of sphingolipids including sphingoid bases (SBs, long-chain bases) might play an important role in the aging. We know neither how SBs are regulated during yeast aging nor how they, in turn, regulate it. Herein, I demonstrate that the yeast alkaline ceramidases (YPC1 and YDC1) and SB kinases (LCB4 and LCB5) cooperate in regulating SBs during the aging process and that SBs shorten …

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Role Of Runt, Even-Skipped, And Odd-Paired In Regulating Enhancer Activity In The Drosophila Embryo, Michael Luis Higgins Dec 2016

Role Of Runt, Even-Skipped, And Odd-Paired In Regulating Enhancer Activity In The Drosophila Embryo, Michael Luis Higgins

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The Drosophila runt gene is the founding member of the RUNX transcription factor family, a group of conserved genes that have vital roles in multiple developmental pathways throughout the animal kingdom. Runt plays important roles in segmentation, as well as in neurogenesis and sex determination in the Drosophila embryo. As a transcription factor, Runt is both an activator and a repressor of its target genes depending on the context. Sloppy-paired (slp1) is a target of runt’s activity as a pair-rule transcription factor in the segmentation pathway that is both activated and repressed by Runt. Two cis-regulatory enhancers of slp1, a …

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Investigating The Roles Of P53 Stability And Its Interactions With Chaperone Proteins During Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Ivan Lebedev Dec 2016

Investigating The Roles Of P53 Stability And Its Interactions With Chaperone Proteins During Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Ivan Lebedev

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Tissue necrosis as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative damage is a leading cause of permanent disability and death worldwide. The complete mechanism by which cells undergo necrosis upon oxidative stress is not understood. In response to an oxidative insult, wildtype p53 has been implicated as a central regulatory component of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), triggering necrosis. This process is associated with cellular stabilization and translocation of p53 into the mitochondrial matrix. I explore the mechanism by which p53 activates the key mPT regulator cyclophilin D (CypD); how the stability of p53 affects its ability to interact with …

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Using Quantitative Silac Proteomics To Identify Mek1 Substrates During Yeast Meiosis, Raymond Theodore Suhandynata Dec 2016

Using Quantitative Silac Proteomics To Identify Mek1 Substrates During Yeast Meiosis, Raymond Theodore Suhandynata

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The exchange of reciprocal information between homologous chromosomes in conjunction with sister chromatid cohesion ensures proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I. Improper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis leads to chromosomal imbalance, which in humans can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Turner syndrome (monosomy of the X chromosome). Meiotic recombination begins with the initiation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the biased repair of these breaks by the homologous chromosome. This inter-homolog (IH) bias is upheld by the meiotic recombination checkpoint kinase Mek1. Mek1 is a meiosis specific serine/threonine kinase that prevents cells …

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The Contribution Of Bone Marrow Cells To The Formation Of Bone, Fat, And Muscle, A Commitment Disrupted By Systemic Distress And Normalized By Mechanical Stimulation, Danielle Frechette Dec 2016

The Contribution Of Bone Marrow Cells To The Formation Of Bone, Fat, And Muscle, A Commitment Disrupted By Systemic Distress And Normalized By Mechanical Stimulation, Danielle Frechette

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In excess, adipogenesis and adiposity can compromise the quality of the musculoskeletal system, disrupt progenitor cell populations, and increase susceptibility to diabetes. The extent to which muscle and bone tissue are impaired by obesity-related pathologies is not clear. Additionally, while fat, bone, and muscle are distinct tissue systems, the degree to which bone marrow cells contribute to the fat/muscle phenotype in the pre-obese state is yet to be elucidated. To combat obesity, exercise is a common treatment modality that is anabolic to bone and muscle and catabolic to fat. However, compliance is low, obese patients may be unable to exercise …

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Multiscale Particle-Based Modeling Of Mechanotransduction Process In Flow-Induced Platelet Activation Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics And Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics, Chao Gao Dec 2016

Multiscale Particle-Based Modeling Of Mechanotransduction Process In Flow-Induced Platelet Activation Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics And Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics, Chao Gao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Thrombosis in cardiovascular diseases and prosthetic cardiovascular devices can be potentiated by pathological flow patterns that enhance hemostatic responses including platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion. Platelets upon activation react to pathological shear stresses with complex biochemical and morphological changes, aggregate, and adhere to blood vessels or device surfaces to form thrombi. Computational modeling and simulation are extensively employed to study the shear-induced platelet activation. Numerical simulations of this complex process based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) treat blood as a continuum and solve the Navier-Stokes equations to resolve the process to μm scales level. Due to the limited scales range, …

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Statistical Image Reconstruction For Low-Dose X-Ray Computed Tomography: Statistical Models And Regularization Strategies, Hao Zhang Dec 2016

Statistical Image Reconstruction For Low-Dose X-Ray Computed Tomography: Statistical Models And Regularization Strategies, Hao Zhang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Low-dose X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging is desirable due to the growing concerns about excessive radiation exposure to the patients. However, the reconstructed CT images by the conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) method from the low-dose acquisitions may be severely degraded. Statistical image reconstruction (SIR) methods have shown potential to substantially improve the image quality of low-dose CT as compared to the FBP method. According to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, the SIR methods can be typically formulated by an objective function consisting of two terms: (1) data-fidelity term modeling the statistics of projection measurements, and (2) regularization term reflecting …

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Biocompatibility And Bioactivity Of One- And Two-Dimensional Nanoparticle Reinforced Polymeric Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Jason Thomas Rashkow Dec 2016

Biocompatibility And Bioactivity Of One- And Two-Dimensional Nanoparticle Reinforced Polymeric Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Jason Thomas Rashkow

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Limitations associated with current bone grafting techniques utilizing autologous or allogeneic bone have led to an increase in bone tissue engineering strategies. The ideal scheme of repairing a bone defect is to employ a material that can act as a scaffold and assist regeneration of native tissue in the area. Although biodegradable polymers fulfill many of the requirements for synthetic bone grafts, a major limitation is poor integrity under load bearing conditions prompting investigation of nanoparticle-reinforced biodegradable polymer nanocomposites. Recently, incorporation of 0.2 wt% of two-dimensional organic nanostructures (graphene nanoribbons (GONRs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GONPs)) and one- and two-dimensional inorganic …

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Erythrocyte Aggregation Due To Surface Nanobubble Interactions During The Onset Of Thermal Burn Injury, Harrison Steven Seidner Dec 2016

Erythrocyte Aggregation Due To Surface Nanobubble Interactions During The Onset Of Thermal Burn Injury, Harrison Steven Seidner

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Red Blood Cell (RBC) aggregation is an important hemorheological phenomenon especially in microcirculation. In healthy individuals, RBCs are known to aggregate and gravitate toward the faster flow in the center of vessels to increase their throughput for more efficient oxygen delivery. Their aggregation is known to occur during a variety of environmental, pathological, and physiological conditions and is reversible when aggregates are subject to the relatively high shear forces in the circulation. The likelihood that aggregates will monodisperse in flow is dependent on the conditions during which they form. In situations where such aggregates are not sheared to monodispersion their …

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Neurocomputation, Dopaminergic Treatment, And Cognitive Control In Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease, Pete Manza Dec 2016

Neurocomputation, Dopaminergic Treatment, And Cognitive Control In Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease, Pete Manza

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia that results in a host of motor and cognitive deficits. The hallmark motor symptoms of the disease, such as tremor and rigidity, are generally well-treated with medications that boost the neurotransmitter dopamine. However, whether dopamine-replacement therapy restores cognitive function is under intense debate. While some studies have shown cognitive benefits for individuals taking dopaminergic medications, others have reported null findings or even exacerbated cognitive impairment for individuals in the medicated state. Current theories generally attribute the variety of findings to task differences and the uneven pattern of PD neuropathology …

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Synthetic Approaches To A Bis-Thiol Based Arsenic Receptor And A Potential Pi-Stacking Based Polyamide Foldamer, Dana Michele Castro Dec 2016

Synthetic Approaches To A Bis-Thiol Based Arsenic Receptor And A Potential Pi-Stacking Based Polyamide Foldamer, Dana Michele Castro

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Arsenic is a known harmful chemical, causing cancer and other adverse health effects if consumed in even modest amounts. Arsenic is found in drinking water at levels higher than deemed safe in many parts of the world. Current detection methods for arsenic in water have many limitations. A low-cost, safe, and efficient alternative would make arsenic detection simpler and human lives safer. As arsenic is known to have a high affinity to sulfur, the Drueckhammer group has designed a compound with two protruding thiol groups that may provide the basis for fluorescence-based detection. In this study, preliminary steps in the …

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Nanostructured Iron And Manganese Oxide Electrode Materials For Lithium Batteries: Influence Of Chemical And Physical Properties On Electrochemistry, Jessica Durham Dec 2016

Nanostructured Iron And Manganese Oxide Electrode Materials For Lithium Batteries: Influence Of Chemical And Physical Properties On Electrochemistry, Jessica Durham

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The widespread use of portable electronics and growing interest in electric and hybrid vehicles has generated a mass market for batteries with increased energy densities and enhanced electrochemical performance. In order to address a variety of applications, commercially fabricated secondary lithium-ion batteries employ transition metal oxide based electrodes, the most prominent of which include lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4). Transition metal oxides are of particular interest as cathode materials due to their robust framework for lithium intercalation, potential for high energy density, and utilization of earth-abundant elements (i.e. iron and …

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Development Of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Through Inhibition Of Cytokinetic Protein Ftsz In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Sphingolipid Glccer In Fungi, Krupanandan Haranahalli Raghunandan Dec 2016

Development Of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Through Inhibition Of Cytokinetic Protein Ftsz In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Sphingolipid Glccer In Fungi, Krupanandan Haranahalli Raghunandan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In 2014, an estimated 480,000 people developed MDR-TB and 190,000 people died as a result of it. Approximately 9.7 % of people with MDR-TB are estimated to have XDR-TB. With the increase in the number of MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases, there is a dire need for the development of new anti-TB agents with novel mechanism of action. FtsZ, a crucial bacterial cytokinesis protein is a potential target for the development of new anti-TB agents. Previously a library of 2,5,6- and 2,5,7-trisubstituted benzimidazoles were synthesized and tested for their anti-TB activity. The lead molecules inhibited the assembly of Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ …

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The Investigation Of Enoyl-Coa Hydratases In Cholesterol Metabolism Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jungwon Jang Dec 2016

The Investigation Of Enoyl-Coa Hydratases In Cholesterol Metabolism Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jungwon Jang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. TB is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb resides in the lipid- enriched environment of the host and metabolizes cholesterol as a carbon source using its own enzymes. Among the total 4000 genes of Mtb, 250 genes correlate to the enzymatic reactions of lipid utilization. The degradation of cholesterol side chain is characterized by three cycles of β-oxidation. Each of the β-oxidation cycles involves hydration of the dehydrogenated cholesterol intermediate substrate. Rv3538 and EchA19 are expected to function as an enoyl-CoA hydratase in the …

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Phd, Xiaofei Liang Dec 2016

Phd, Xiaofei Liang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

As(III) compounds have high affinity for thiol groups and this affinity has been used in the prior development of FlAsH and related tags for cysteine peptides. We aimed to develop a series of arsenic-based receptors designed to bind to different arrangements of cysteines within native alpha-helical protein structures. Computer modeling was used to define the proper arrangement of arsenic functionality for binding to each targeted sequence. The computer program HostDesigner was then used to discover scaffold structures on which to display the arsenic functionality at the proper distance and relative orientation to bind the targeted sequence. Designed structures were then …

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Meld Application On Refining Dock Results, Cong Liu Dec 2016

Meld Application On Refining Dock Results, Cong Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In order to bridge the computational gap between DOCK and MD-based methods, a pipeline was designed to combine external information derived from DOCK with replica exchange molecular dynamics using MELD, an algorithm recently developed by our lab. Our goal was to predict the lowest free energy binding pose within the DOCK ensemble, therefore enabling us to refine DOCK results in cases where the correct structure is incorrectly scored. Our method was tested on 8 such ‘scoring failures’ found in the DOCK database SB2012. Three protocols of extracting structural information from DOCK ensembles were designed and tested. Crystal-like poses were correctly …

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Dynamics Of Alcohol And Ketone Photooxidation Reactions On Tio2(110), Matthew David Kershis Dec 2016

Dynamics Of Alcohol And Ketone Photooxidation Reactions On Tio2(110), Matthew David Kershis

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Titanium dioxide (TiO$_2$) has attracted significant interest over the years as a photocatalyst for the photooxidation of organic compounds. This type of chemistry finds numerous practical applications in areas such as environmental remediation and self-cleaning coatings. The work described herein employs pump-probe laser techniques to study the photooxidation dynamics of acetone, butanone, ethanol and 2-propanol over a model TiO$_2$(110) photocatalyst. Studies of model catalysts under ideal, ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions allow for detailed, mechanistic information to be obtained. A common characteristic of all these photooxidation reactions is that they proceed by ejection of methyl or ethyl (in the case of …

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Complementarity In The Structure And Dynamics Of Protein-Dna Search And Recognition: A Multiscale Modeling Study, Kevin E. Hauser Dec 2016

Complementarity In The Structure And Dynamics Of Protein-Dna Search And Recognition: A Multiscale Modeling Study, Kevin E. Hauser

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Transcription factors (TF) interact with DNA to regulate gene expression by specifically binding one or two sequences out of millions of possible sites in a genome. Sequence specific binding (recognition) arises from two mechanisms: amino acid-nucleobase H-bonding (direct readout), and sequence-dependent DNA deformability and structure (indirect readout). These lead to tight, specific binding. TFs can also rapidly search for their target by attaching to any sequence and then sliding along DNA. This decreases the space through which a TF randomly walks to stumble on the target. Tight binding and rapid sliding are optimized because TFs can switch between different DNA-binding …

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Designing Functional Nanocomposites Towards Energy Applications: Examining The Performance Of Hierarchical Nanostructures As A Function Of Composition, Morphology, And Structure For Fuel Cell And Photovoltaic Device Applications, Haiqing Liu Dec 2016

Designing Functional Nanocomposites Towards Energy Applications: Examining The Performance Of Hierarchical Nanostructures As A Function Of Composition, Morphology, And Structure For Fuel Cell And Photovoltaic Device Applications, Haiqing Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The inherently finite quantity of fossil fuels has triggered the search for alternative renewable energy sources. Therefore, in this thesis, we have synthesized various types of high quality nanomaterials, including metal alloys, noble-metal-based core-shell structures, and lanthanum-doped fluorides with welldefined shapes as well as controlled chemical compositions, to demonstrate both morphology-dependent and composition-dependent relationships between nanostructures and their resulting electrochemical and/or photo-physical properties, with potential applications for fuel cell and solar cell configurations. In terms of exploring plausible electrocatalysts to replace expensive and scarce platinum (Pt), a series of one-dimensional (1D) ultrathin (d ~ 2 nm) Pd1-xNix and Pd1-xCux nanowires …

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Green Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Of Metal-Based Nanomaterials, Crystal Lewis Dec 2016

Green Synthesis, Characterization, And Application Of Metal-Based Nanomaterials, Crystal Lewis

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Metal-based nanomaterials have attracted significant research interest due to their unique size-dependent optical, magnetic, electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties as compared with their bulk counterparts. These advantageous and tailorable properties render these materials as ideal candidates for catalysis, photovoltaics, and even biomedical applications. However, nanomaterials are typically synthesized via chemical or physical processes, which are continuing to rise in cost, complexity, and toxicity. As a result, ‘milder’ and more environmentally benign nanoscale synthetic methodologies, particularly U-tube double diffusion, molten salt, and hydrothermal techniques, have been utilized to mitigate for these drawbacks. Moreover, these efficient and facile techniques coupled with …

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Mechanistic Studies In Heterogeneous Catalysis Via In Situ Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph William Magee Dec 2016

Mechanistic Studies In Heterogeneous Catalysis Via In Situ Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph William Magee

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Dependence on a finite supply of fossil fuel-based energy sources has provided motivation for research in and development of alternative, renewable energy sources. A strong candidate as an alternative fuel is ethanol. Ethanol has a high energy density, low toxicity, and as a liquid, compatibility with the existing fuel delivery infrastructure. When considering the possibility of using ethanol as a fuel, both synthetic methods to produce ethanol and reactions that convert ethanol to energy should be optimized. One method to produce ethanol is through the conversion of synthesis gas, or syngas, (CO + H2). Currently, syngas conversion is used to …

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Synthesizing Nanomaterials For Energy Applications: Probing Activity As A Function Of Composition, Morphology And Purity To Address Key Issues Associated With Fuel Cells And Li-Ion Batteries, Megan E. Scofield Dec 2016

Synthesizing Nanomaterials For Energy Applications: Probing Activity As A Function Of Composition, Morphology And Purity To Address Key Issues Associated With Fuel Cells And Li-Ion Batteries, Megan E. Scofield

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

With the growing need to find alternative clean energy sources to fossil fuels, research into developing efficient fuel cells and batteries stands at the forefront of this grand effort. However, before mass commercialization, fundamental key issues need to be addressed. For example, fuel cells are subject to high catalyst costs and poor durability of the underlying carbon support. As a way to alleviate these issues, we have synthesized ultrathin one-dimensional (1D) alloy nanowires to probe the effect of composition, purity, and one-dimensionality upon the observed overall activity, performance, and durability. In terms of chemical composition, crystalline ultrathin PtM alloy nanowires …

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Heterolithic Branched Liquid Crystalline Materials Prepared Via The Passerini Three-Component Reaction, Shuang Song Dec 2016

Heterolithic Branched Liquid Crystalline Materials Prepared Via The Passerini Three-Component Reaction, Shuang Song

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Precisely defined and multifunctional molecular architectures that can form liquid crystalline mesophases are part of a new generation of functional supramolecular materials. Liquid crystalline compounds (mesogens) form phases of matter intermediate between crystalline solids and isotropic liquids (mesophases). The presence of molecular order in a fluid phase has led to the widespread use of conventional liquid crystal mesogens in displays and optoelectronic devices. Combining different types of mesogens or mesogens with other functional components to create heterolithic star-branched or dendritic architectures is of interest as a strategy to engineer liquid crystalline materials with new structural and functional properties. Heterolithic branched …

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Synthesis Of New Generation Taxoid Anticancer Agents And Dendrimer-Based Multifunctional Conjugates For Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery, Yi Sun Dec 2016

Synthesis Of New Generation Taxoid Anticancer Agents And Dendrimer-Based Multifunctional Conjugates For Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery, Yi Sun

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. Although tremendous efforts have been made in the area of cancer therapy, there is still no common cure for cancer. Paclitaxel, which is a microtubule stabilizer, is used as an antitumor agent against several cancers such as ovarian, lung, and breast cancer. However, paclitaxel shows poor antitumor activities against drug resistant cell lines, and may cause undesirable side effects. Over the past decades, significant achievements have been made in the development of new generation taxoids that exhibit increased cytotoxicity against resistant cancer cell lines. Additionally work has been …

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