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2016

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Geometric Optimization Problems In Sensor Networks, Gui Benjamin Citovsky Dec 2016

Geometric Optimization Problems In Sensor Networks, Gui Benjamin Citovsky

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In this thesis, we address a variety of algorithmic problems motivated by applications in sensor networks. In many of these problems we consider that the placement of the sensors is in a general metric space and in all of the problems we consider the case that the sensors lie in the Euclidean plane and exploit geometric properties in order to achieve better results. We introduce the \sinrk\ model which is a generalization of the SINR model. Given a set of sender-receiver requests in the Euclidean plane, the goal is to minimize the number of rounds of scheduling needed to satisfy …

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Synthetic, Medicinal, And Computational Studies On Novel Anticancer, Antitubercular, And Anti-Nociceptive Agents, Longfei Wei Dec 2016

Synthetic, Medicinal, And Computational Studies On Novel Anticancer, Antitubercular, And Anti-Nociceptive Agents, Longfei Wei

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Multidrug resistance is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy. New-generation taxoids SB-T-1214 and SB-T-1216 have shown two to three orders of magnitude higher potency than those of paclitaxel and docetaxel against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been conducted in order to test which moiety of the new-generation taxoids account for the high potency against multidrug resistant cancer cell lines. In order to selectively deliver new-generation taxoids into tumor cells, tumor-targeted drug delivery systems with a smart methyl-branched disulfide linker have been developed in the Ojima laboratory. The metabolic stability of this disulfide linker has …

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Overcoming Element Quality Dependence Of Finite Element Methods, Rebecca Conley Dec 2016

Overcoming Element Quality Dependence Of Finite Element Methods, Rebecca Conley

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The finite element methods (FEM) are important techniques in engineering for solving partial differential equations, especially on complex geometries. One limitation of the classical FEM is its heavy dependence on element shape quality for stability and good performance. We introduce the Adaptive Extended Stencil Finite Element Method (AES-FEM) as a means to overcome this dependence on element shape quality. Our method replaces the traditional basis functions with a set of generalized Lagrange polynomial (GLP) basis functions, which we construct using local weighted least-squares approximations. The method preserves the theoretical framework of FEM, and allows imposing essential boundary conditions and integrating …

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Risk Assessment In Intraday Trading, Fangfei Dong Dec 2016

Risk Assessment In Intraday Trading, Fangfei Dong

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In these days, high frequency hedge funds have developed as a new and successful category of hedge funds. Accordingly, risk management is now obliged to keep pace with this market and takes intraday-risk management into consideration. To aim to contribute on answering questions on intraday risk management, the dissertation consists of three parts. In first part, an intraday risk assessment model incorporating long-range dependence and heavy-tailness is suggested. Fractional integrated time series model with nearly elliptical distributed innovations are used to compute more accurate intraday level value at risk. Second part investigates the market efficiency by analyzing the relation between …

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A New Stochastic Regime Switching Model With Time-Varying Regression Coefficients And Error Variances, Xiaojin Dong Dec 2016

A New Stochastic Regime Switching Model With Time-Varying Regression Coefficients And Error Variances, Xiaojin Dong

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Since the publication of Hamilton’s (1989) seminal work on Markov switching model, a large number of applications have been found in economics and finance. The classical Markov switching models characterize the estimation of parameters in finite state, limited by the pre-specified number of regimes, thus it is restrictive in empirical studies. In this thesis, we develop a stochastic regime switching model, where the model parameters are both categorical and continuous. By assuming conjugate priors and defining stochastic regime switching variables, we derive recursive filtering and smoothing algorithms to estimate the regimes and develop closed-form recursive Bayes estimates of the regression …

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Dermal Uptake Directly From Air Under Transient Conditions: Advances In Modeling And Comparisons With Experimental Results For Human Subjects, G. C. Morrison, C. J. Weschler, G. Bekö Dec 2016

Dermal Uptake Directly From Air Under Transient Conditions: Advances In Modeling And Comparisons With Experimental Results For Human Subjects, G. C. Morrison, C. J. Weschler, G. Bekö

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To better understand the dermal exposure pathway, we enhance an existing mechanistic model of transdermal uptake by including skin surface lipids (SSL) and consider the impact of clothing. Addition of SSL increases the overall resistance to uptake of SVOCs from air but also allows for rapid transfer of SVOCs to sinks like clothing or clean air. We test the model by simulating di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) exposures of six bare-skinned (Weschler et al. 2015, Environ. Health Perspect., 123, 928) and one clothed participant (Morrison et al. 2016, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 26, 113). The model predicts …

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A Spatio-Temporal Model Of Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Ecology Across The North American Great Plains Throughout The Paleoindian Period: Development Of Biological Theory And Statistical Methods To Link Human Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, And The Archaeological Record, Erik Roque Otárola-Castillo Dec 2016

A Spatio-Temporal Model Of Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Ecology Across The North American Great Plains Throughout The Paleoindian Period: Development Of Biological Theory And Statistical Methods To Link Human Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, And The Archaeological Record, Erik Roque Otárola-Castillo

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Hunter-gatherers spread to nearly every corner of the planet in large part due to their flexible ability to forage for high-quality foods in diverse environments. The study of human foraging behavior is therefore crucial to understanding the proximate and ultimate factors that have shaped human evolutionary history. Although not necessarily in an evolutionary context, the foraging behavior of Paleoindian hunter-gatherers in North America has been studied for over a century. Researchers have paid particular attention to Paleoindian foragers’ hunting of big game across the grasslands of the Great Plains, shedding light on “what†prey Paleoindians foraged, “where†foraging occurred on …

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Novel Adhesion Properties Of Irreversibly Adsorbed Polymer Chains, Zhizhao Chen Dec 2016

Novel Adhesion Properties Of Irreversibly Adsorbed Polymer Chains, Zhizhao Chen

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Interpenetrations (or entanglements) between chemically identical polymers are important parameters in fundamental physics and industrial applications. However, little is known about the interaction between free polymer chains and chemically identical, but otherwise highly adsorbed chains on solid surfaces. Here we report an unusual interaction between free chains and chemically identical flattened chains which have many surface-segmental contacts with solids. Based on the mechanical adhesion measurements, we found the 2.5 nm-thick equilibrium polyethylene-oxide (PEO) flattened layer show no adhesion with the PEO melts even at T >Tm. Liquid contact angle measurements further revealed that the flattened layer has the same macroscopic …

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Numerical Modeling Of Hydrodynamic Instabilities And Their Impact On Mix In Inertial Confinement Fusion, Jeremy Melvin Dec 2016

Numerical Modeling Of Hydrodynamic Instabilities And Their Impact On Mix In Inertial Confinement Fusion, Jeremy Melvin

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The simulation campaign to model Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsules has come a long way since experiments with the potential to achieve net energy gain began in 2010. A remaining area of uncertainty is the modeling of instability growth and mixing of ablator material into the core, degrading the capsules. We explore the instability growth by applying techniques that have led to a proven track record of validation: the addition of a front tracking (FT) algorithm and physical diffusion models. For the first time, we have integrated our FT algorithm through an API into an external Rad-Hydro code FLASH, from …

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Integrating Mobile Agents And Distributed Sensors In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jiemin Zeng Dec 2016

Integrating Mobile Agents And Distributed Sensors In Wireless Sensor Networks, Jiemin Zeng

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

As computers become more ubiquitous in the prominent phenomenon of the Internet of Things, we encounter many unique challenges in the field of wireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor network is a group of small, low powered sensors with wireless capability to communicate with each other. The goal of these sensors, also called nodes, generally is to collect some information about their environment and report it back to a base station. Depending on the nature of the nodes or the environment, they may be placed in a deterministic pattern, deployed randomly, or mobile (i.e. cars on a highway). Due to …

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Innovations In High Dimensional Data Exploration, Representation And Generation, Bing Wang Dec 2016

Innovations In High Dimensional Data Exploration, Representation And Generation, Bing Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Data with many attributes have become commonplace in a wide range of domains. In these data, the most interesting relations are often multivariate and are generally confusing to most people. Efforts have been made to design proper tools to recognize those high dimensional relationships reliably but those tools are often far off from making use of the innate 3D scene understanding capabilities of the human visual system. We present a framework that eases this barrier by design, called the Subspace Voyager. It decomposes a high-dimensional data space into a continuum of generalized 3D subspaces. Analysts can then explore these 3D …

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Novel Spectral Representations And Sparsity-Driven Algorithms For Shape Modeling And Analysis, Ming Zhong Dec 2016

Novel Spectral Representations And Sparsity-Driven Algorithms For Shape Modeling And Analysis, Ming Zhong

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In this dissertation, we focus on extending classical spectral shape analysis by incorporating spectral graph wavelets and sparsity-seeking algorithms. Defined with the graph Laplacian eigenbasis, the spectral graph wavelets are localized both in the vertex domain and graph spectral domain, and thus are very effective in describing local geometry. With a rich dictionary of elementary vectors and forcing certain sparsity constraints, a real life signal can often be well approximated by a very sparse coefficient representation. The many successful applications of sparse signal representation in computer vision and image processing inspire us to explore the idea of employing sparse modeling …

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Uncertainty Quantification For Physical And Numerical Diffusion Models In Inertial Confinement Fusion Simulations, Verinder S. Rana Dec 2016

Uncertainty Quantification For Physical And Numerical Diffusion Models In Inertial Confinement Fusion Simulations, Verinder S. Rana

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This thesis concerns simulations of Inertial Confinement Fusion. Inertial confinement is carried out in a large scale facility at National Ignition Facility. The experiments have failed to reproduce design calculations, and so uncertainty quantification of calculations is an important asset. Uncertainties can be classified as aleatoric or epistemic. This thesis is concerned with aleatoric uncertainty quantification. Among the many uncertain aspects that affect the simulations, we have narrowed our study of possible uncertainties. The first source of uncertainty we present is the amount of pre-heating of the fuel done by hot electrons. The second source of uncertainty we consider is …

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Turbulent Mixing In Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Using Front-Tracking, Pooja Rao Dec 2016

Turbulent Mixing In Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Using Front-Tracking, Pooja Rao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Turbulent mixing from hydrodynamical instabilities, such as Richtmyer-Meshkov (RMI) and Rayleigh-Taylor (RTI) instabilities, plays a critical role in numerous applications ranging from performance degradation in inertial confinement capsules to supernova explosions. At high Reynolds numbers (Re), for which experimental data is not available, numerical simulations are paramount in studying these instabilities. However, the algorithmic differences due to differences in numerical modeling often give solutions that are converged but not unique, that is, different codes converge to different solutions. Thus, to establish the credibility of the simulation in an objective manner, it is necessary to fulfill three main requirements: (1) verification …

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Multi-Objective Clustering Analysis, Tingjun Ruan Dec 2016

Multi-Objective Clustering Analysis, Tingjun Ruan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Cluster analysis is an important tool for unsupervised learning. It is commonly used for pattern recognition and dimension reduction. Traditional clustering algorithms include hierarchical clustering and k-means clustering, as well as model based approach such as the group trajectory analysis. A major draw-back of the traditional clustering analysis is that it considers only a single objective (dissimilarity measurement) whilst in reality, one usually holds several criteria for the classification. Therefore, in this thesis, we strive to develop novel multiple-objective clustering methods – with a focus on the more approachable dual-objective ones. This thesis consists of two parts. In the first …

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Evolution Of Complexity In Gene Regulatory Networks During Host-Parasite Coevolution, Jeewoen Shin Dec 2016

Evolution Of Complexity In Gene Regulatory Networks During Host-Parasite Coevolution, Jeewoen Shin

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Robustness, defined as tolerance to perturbations such as mutations and environmental fluctuations, is pervasive in biological systems. However, robustness often coexists with its counterpart, evolvability - the ability of perturbations to generate new phenotypes. Previous models of gene regulatory network evolution have shown that robustness evolves under stabilizing selection, but in more realistic scenarios such as coevolution, it may be advantageous to evolve sensitivity, i.e. for some mutations to change the phenotype. Furthermore, it is unclear how robustness and evolvability will emerge in common coevolutionary scenarios. In this dissertation, we consider three different two-species models of coevolution involving one host …

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Two Essays In Quantitative Finance, Ke Wang Dec 2016

Two Essays In Quantitative Finance, Ke Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation explores two interesting problems in quantitative finance. In the first part, we consider the detection methods on structural breaks that are characterized by a credit rating transition matrix based on homogeneous Markov process model. Recent studies have shown that firms’ credit rating migration process is not stationary and may have structural breaks. Assuming the generator of probability transition matrices of firms’ credit rating to be piecewise constant and the jump time of generator corresponds to the structural break time in the pattern of firms’ rating migrations, we study several types of sequential surveillance rules for early detection. The …

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Computational Relativistic Electrodynamics: New Algorithms, Parallel Software, And Applications To Accelerator Design, Kwang Min Yu Dec 2016

Computational Relativistic Electrodynamics: New Algorithms, Parallel Software, And Applications To Accelerator Design, Kwang Min Yu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

A parallel, fully relativistic, 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) code, named SPACE, has been developed for the simulation of relativistic particle beams, beam - plasma interaction, and plasma chemistry. New algorithms such as atomic processes in plasma, proper boundary conditions, and an efficient method for highly-relativistic beams in non-relativistic plasma have been developed. Algorithms for atomic process include ionization of neutral atoms by electron impact, recombination of plasma, and electron attachment on dopants in dense neutral gases. The code has been used for the simulation of processes in high-pressure radio-frequency (RF) cavity (HPRF) program at Fermilab. Advanced numerical simulations resolve all …

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Influence Propagation Modeling And Applications In Finance, Li Zhang Dec 2016

Influence Propagation Modeling And Applications In Finance, Li Zhang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

To appropriately use the information from social media for finance-related problems is typically challenging to both finance and data mining. Traditional schemes in finance focus on identifying the trading activities and financial events that generate asset abnormal returns, while the usage of data typically only covers regular events such as earning announcements, financial statements, and new stock issuance. Related data-driven implementations mainly focus on developing trading strategies using social media data, while the results usually lack theoretical explanations. This work is designed to fill the gap between the usage of social media data and financial theories, with comprehensive evaluations using …

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Essays On The Medicare Enrollment And Medicare Costs Of Older Americans, Yuanyuan Deng Dec 2016

Essays On The Medicare Enrollment And Medicare Costs Of Older Americans, Yuanyuan Deng

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation consists of two chapters. The 1999 to 2010 data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey are used in this dissertation. The first chapter empirically analyze the role of labor supply and Medicare secondary payer on Medicare costs, taking into account the recent evolution of labor supply and the implementation of the 1983 Social Security reform. The labor force participation rate of Americans 65 years and older has sharply increased since the mid-1990s. These increases have been accompanied by an increasing number of Older Americans covered by current employer-provided health insurance plans. For those covered workers, Medicare becomes secondary …

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Essays On Internal Migration In Developing Countries, Tamara Gurevich Dec 2016

Essays On Internal Migration In Developing Countries, Tamara Gurevich

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This thesis investigates the determinants and implications of migration decisions made by individuals in households, using Indonesia as a case study. The thesis consists of two chapters. In each chapter I study respectively the effects of local recent flood events on individuals' and households' decision to leave their origin community, and the effects such migration decisions may have on subsequent health of migrant household members. In chapter 2 of this dissertation, I quantify the effect of migration on subsequent health of migrants using a potential outcomes framework design that exploits exogenous impacts of floods on migration to reduce concerns regarding …

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Essays On The Impact Of Health Information Technology On Patient Outcomes, Ryan Michael Mckenna Dec 2016

Essays On The Impact Of Health Information Technology On Patient Outcomes, Ryan Michael Mckenna

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation consists of three chapters surrounding the impacts of health information technology systems (HIT) on hospital inpatient outcomes. In an effort to eliminate inefficiencies in the US health care sector, policymakers have made a concerted effort to encourage hospitals and physicians to adopt health information technology systems. In Chapter 2, I construct a unique dataset on health information technology adoption and health outcomes in New York State to conduct a hospital level analysis identifying the impact of adopting HIT on inpatient outcomes (rates of adverse drug events and severity-adjusted mortality). Unlike previous studies, the patient population is not restricted …

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Education Dynamics In A Developing Country: Evidence From Indonesia, Elif Deniz Sumengen Dec 2016

Education Dynamics In A Developing Country: Evidence From Indonesia, Elif Deniz Sumengen

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

There is an urgent need for upper secondary-level and above educated people in Indonesia. According to a recent report, Indonesian companies cannot fill 50% of their entry level positions. To increase the educational attainment, government has been implementing various polices, such as school construction program, compulsory education and allocating 20% of its budget to education, but inadequate enrollment at upper secondary and tertiary levels and the quality of education still remain as big problems. To shed a light on these urgent and recent problems, I ask four questions: a) What is the effect of school quality on tertiary attainment? b) …

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Detecting Fraud In Public Procurement, Yajun Wang Dec 2016

Detecting Fraud In Public Procurement, Yajun Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Fraud in public procurement is a big problem in public sector all over the world, and is very difficult to detect in empirical studies. Common fraud schemes include corruption, collusive bidding, failure to provide the required quality, and false statements, etc. In this paper, I employed game theory, machine learning, and statistical methods to detect fraud risk in Federal Procurement Contract Data, and studied the relationship of fraud, competition and contract types. In the first section, I studied a procurement game and found that if the firms' types are close enough to each other, their strategies regarding whether or not …

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On Mirna-Mrna Network Extraction And Ultra-Fast Nucleotide Barcodes Clustering Algorithm, Lu Zhao Dec 2016

On Mirna-Mrna Network Extraction And Ultra-Fast Nucleotide Barcodes Clustering Algorithm, Lu Zhao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This thesis consists of two topics: (1) discovery of microRNA/mRNA regulatory networks on essential thrombocytosis (ET), and (2) a novel ultrafast clustering algorithm to count nucleotide barcode and amplicon reads with errors. The objective of the first study is to discover miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ET, a chronic myeloproliferative disorder with an unregulated surplus of platelets. Complications of ET include stroke, heart attack, and formation of blood clots. While the genetic basis of ET has been studied to some extent, no direct diagnostic test is available to date. In this study, we aim to identify novel ET-related miRNA-mRNA regulatory …

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Sequential And Non-Sequential Licensing Of Innovation With Potential Entrants, Chang Zhao Dec 2016

Sequential And Non-Sequential Licensing Of Innovation With Potential Entrants, Chang Zhao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation consists of two essays that study the economic impact of innovations when the buyers are not symmetric. Namely, when potential licensees involves both entrants and incumbent firms. In Chapter 2, a non-sequential licensing approach is analyzed. Licenses in this chapter are sold simultaneously by auction aiming to maximize the revenue of the innovator. The post innovation market structure, the diffusion of the innovation and the incentive to innovate are analyzed and compared with the case where licenses are sold only to incumbent firms and not to entrants. In Chapter 3, a sequential licensing approach is analyzed in a …

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Essays On The Spillover Effects Of Information Arrivals In Security Trading, Zhenning Wang Dec 2016

Essays On The Spillover Effects Of Information Arrivals In Security Trading, Zhenning Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The mixture distribution hypothesis is widely used to explain the behavior of returns and volumes in security trading in single-security settings, and the unobservable information arrival process in models based on this hypothesis is the key factor that determines the conditional distributions of returns and volumes. In order to investigate whether the information arrival processes of different securities may interact with each other, in the first part of this dissertation I extended the framework of mixture distribution hypothesis to a multiple-security setting, in which the unobservable information arrival processes of different securities may potentially interact with each other through vector …

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Log-Linear Model Based Tree And Latent Variable Model For Count Data, Yuan Zhao Dec 2016

Log-Linear Model Based Tree And Latent Variable Model For Count Data, Yuan Zhao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Events that occur randomly over time or space result in count data. Poisson models are widely used for analyses. However, simple log-linear forms are often insufficient for complex relationship between variables. Thus we study tree-structured log-linear models and latent variables models for count data. First, we consider extending Poisson regression for independent observations. Decision trees exhibit the advantage of interpretation. Constant fits are too simple to interpret within strata nonetheless. We hence propose to embed log-linear models to decision trees, and use negative binomial distribution for overdispersion. Second, we consider latent variable models for point process observation in neuroscience. Neurons …

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Classification Of Fetal Heart Rate Signals By Deep Learning, Xuan Chen Dec 2016

Classification Of Fetal Heart Rate Signals By Deep Learning, Xuan Chen

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In the course of delivery, a fetus may suffer from oxygen deficiency due to the intensive pressure changes. Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) system has been widely used in obstetrics, to provide continuous information to clinicians for making decisions and in preparing for delivery. There has been many efforts to build automated systems to analyze fetal heart rates (FHRs) and offer clinical supports. In this thesis, our goal is to introduce the most recent and popular machine learning method, deep learning, for FHR classification. We first introduce the preliminaries of FHR classification methods and the database used in our experiments. Then, …

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Sdn-Based Wsn Routing Protocol, Divith Aruni Babu Dec 2016

Sdn-Based Wsn Routing Protocol, Divith Aruni Babu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This thesis aims to find out whether a centralized routing protocol with a dynamic routing table could perform as well as a decentralized routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Towards this goal, a Software-defined Networking (SDN) based protocol is proposed and its performance is measured against a popular decentralized routing protocol, Control Tree Protocol (CTP). The goal is to investigate whether an implementation of SDN in a sensor network would offer WSN applications an advantage by compromising on autonomy to possibly increase efficiency and application diversity. This thesis shows that, although the performance of the SDN-based protocol is inferior …

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