Digital Commons Network^™

Etravirine Induced Severe Hypersensitivity Reaction And Fulminant Hepatitis: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature., Linda Nabha, Gayle P. Balba, Princy N.S. Kumar, Carmelita Tuazon

Medicine Faculty Publications

We report the first published case of etravirine induced hypersensitivity reaction leading to fulminant hepatic failure in a 49-year-old female patient with Human Immunodefi ciency Virus. She presented with a life threatening rash and end stage organ damage requiring intensive care unit supportive care. Liver biopsy supported the diagnosis of drug-induced hypersensitivity. The patient recovered after withdrawal of etravirine and the use of systemic corticosteroids. The authors describe etravirine drug hypersensitivity as a clinically important reaction and that early recognition can improve survival.

Recent Advances In Biocuration: Meeting Report From The Fifth International Biocuration Conference, Pascale Gaudet, Cecilia Arighi, Frederic Bastian, Alex Bateman, Judith A. Blake, Raja Mazumder, +17 Additional Authors

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

The 5th International Biocuration Conference brought together over 300 scientists to exchange on their work, as well as discuss issues relevant to the International Society for Biocuration’s (ISB) mission. Recurring themes this year included the creation and promotion of gold standards, the need for more ontologies, and more formal interactions with journals. The conference is an essential part of the ISB's goal to support exchanges among members of the biocuration community. Next year's conference will be held in Cambridge, UK, from 7 to 10 April 2013. In the meanwhile, the ISB website provides information about the society's activities (http://biocurator.org …

A Genomic Island In Salmonella Enterica Ssp. Salamae Provides New Insights On The Genealogy Of The Locus Of Enterocyte Effacement., P Scott Chandry, Simon Gladman, Sean C Moore, Torsten Seemann, Keith A Crandall, Narelle Fegan

Computational Biology Institute

The genomic island encoding the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is an important virulence factor of the human pathogenic Escherichia coli. LEE typically encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) and secreted effectors capable of forming attaching and effacing lesions. Although prominent in the pathogenic E. coli such as serotype O157:H7, LEE has also been detected in Citrobacter rodentium, E. albertii, and although not confirmed, it is likely to also be in Shigella boydii. Previous phylogenetic analysis of LEE indicated the genomic island was evolving through stepwise acquisition of various components. This study describes a new LEE region from two …

Urban Governance Of Disease, Rebecca Katz, Sangeeta Mookherji, Morgan Kaminski, Vibhuti Haté, Julie E. Fischer

Global Health Faculty Publications

Rapid population growth, urbanization, and the growing challenges faced by the urban poor require redefining the paradigm for public health interventions in the 21st century, creating new approaches that take urban determinants of health into consideration. The widening disparity between the urban poor and the urban rich further exacerbates health inequities. Existing tools for global governance of urban health risks fall short, particularly in the lack of formal mechanisms to strengthen collaboration and communication among national and municipal agencies and between their local and international non-governmental partners. There is also a clear disconnect between governance strategies crafted at the international …

Deposits Grow, Disempowerment Lingers Economic Status And Social Empowerment In A Women's Self- Help Group Microfinance Program In Rajasthan, India, Claire Comiskey

Theses & ETDs

Using a case study from rural Rajasthan, India, this research examines the impact of women's involvement in microfinance self-help groups on their economic status and social empowerment. Microfinance � a financial service, small in size, provided by financial institutions to the poor � has garnered immense popularity as a strategy to empower and lift out of poverty low-income women in developing countries. However, there is disagreement as to whether microfinance programs achieve these dual aims. Although microfinance garners international acclamation, there has been neither widespread proof of its effectiveness nor many studies of its implementation on the ground. Thus, the …

United States Public Policy Regarding Genetically Modified Foods, Jennifer A. Zimmerman

Theses & ETDs

Genetically modified foods are produced, sold and consumed in the United States, and are undifferentiated from conventional foods. Policy discrepancies in the US, EU and Japan may stem from public opinion, agricultural system design, and other social and economic factors. The purpose was to investigate the current system for labeling foods derived from genetically modified organisms, and to determine if this was desirable by those affected. Through examination of scientific studies on the safety and potential effects of genetically modified foods, evaluation of public opinion poll and survey results, and comparison of the laws and regulatory bodies governing food labeling …

A Long Neglected World Malaria Map: Plasmodium Vivax Endemicity In 2010, Peter W. Gething, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Catherine L. Moyes, David L. Smith, Katherine E. Battle, Carlos A. Guerra, Anand P. Patil, Andrew J. Tatem, Rosalind E. Howes, Monica F. Myers, Dylan B. George, Peter Horby, Heiman F.L. Wertheim, Ric N. Price, Ivo Mueller, J. Kevin Baird, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Current understanding of the spatial epidemiology and geographical distribution of Plasmodium vivax is far less developed than that for P. falciparum, representing a barrier to rational strategies for control and elimination. Here we present the first systematic effort to map the global endemicity of this hitherto neglected parasite.

Methodology and Findings: We first updated to the year 2010 our earlier estimate of the geographical limits of P. vivax transmission. Within areas of stable transmission, an assembly of 9,970 geopositioned P. vivax parasite rate (PvPR) surveys collected from 1985 to 2010 were used with a spatiotemporal Bayesian model-based geostatistical …

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria Endemicity In Indonesia In 2010, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Peter W. Gething, Anand P. Patil, Hanifah Rogayah, Elvieda Sariwati, Niken W. Palupi, Siti N. Tarmizi, Rita Kusriastuti, J. Kevin Baird, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Plasmodium vivax imposes substantial morbidity and mortality burdens in endemic zones. Detailed understanding of the contemporary spatial distribution of this parasite is needed to combat it. We used model based geostatistics (MBG) techniques to generate a contemporary map of risk of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesia in 2010.

Methods: Plasmodium vivax Annual Parasite Incidence data (2006–2008) and temperature masks were used to map P. vivax transmission limits. A total of 4,658 community surveys of P. vivax parasite rate (PvPR) were identified (1985–2010) for mapping quantitative estimates of contemporary endemicity within those limits. After error-checking a total of …

The Global Public Health Significance Of Plasmodium Vivax, Katherine E. Battle, Peter W. Gething, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Catherine L. Moyes, Marianne E. Sinka, Rosalind E. Howes, Carlos A. Guerra, Ric N. Price, J. Kevin Baird, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Plasmodium vivax occurs globally and thrives in both temperate and tropical climates. Here, we review the evidence of the biological limits of its contemporary distribution and the global population at risk (PAR) of the disease within endemic countries. We also review the most recent evidence for the endemic level of transmission within its range and discuss the implications for burden of disease assessments. Finally, the evidence- base for defining the contemporary distribution and PAR of P. vivax are discussed alongside a description of the vectors of human malaria within the limits of risk. This information along with recent data documenting …

Using Mathematical Models In A Unified Approach To Predicting The Next Emerging Infectious Disease, Tiffany L. Bogich, Kevin J. Olival, Parviez R. Hosseini, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, Elizabeth Loh, Sebastian Funk, Ilana L. Brito, Jonathan H. Epstein, John S. Brownstein, Damien O. Joly, Marc A. Levy, Kate E. Jones, Stephen S. Morse, A. Alonso Aguirre, William B. Karesh, Joanna A.K. Mazet, Peter Daszak

United States Public Health Resources

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to human health, global economies, and conservation (Smolinski et al. 2003). They are defined as diseases that have recently increased in incidence (rate of the development of new cases during a given time period), are caused by pathogens that recently moved from one host population to another, have recently evolved, or have recently exhibited a change in pathogenesis (Morse 1993; Krause 1994). Some EIDs threaten global public health through pandemics with large-scale mortality (e.g., HN/AIDS). Others cause smaller outbreaks but have high case fatality ratios or lack effective therapies or vaccines (e.g. …

Clinical Research And Development Of Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Moving From Silos To Synergy, Payam Nahid, Peter S. Kim, Carlton A. Evans, David Alland, Michael Barer, Jane Diefenbach, Jerrold Ellner, Richard Hafner, Carol Dukes Hamilton, Michael F. Iademarco, Gregory Ireton, Michael E. Kimerling, Christian Lienhardt, William R. Mackenzie, Megan Murray, Mark D. Perkins, Jamie E. Posey, Teri Roberts, Christine Sizemore, Wendy S. Stevens, Laura Via, Sharon D. Williams, Wing Yew, Susan Swindells

United States Public Health Resources

The development, evaluation, and implementation of new and improved diagnostics have been identified as critical needs by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis researchers and clinicians alike. These needs exist in international and domestic settings and in adult and pediatric populations. Experts in tuberculosis and HIV care, researchers, healthcare providers, public health experts, and industry representatives, as well as representatives of pertinent US federal agencies (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, United States Agency for International Development) assembled at a workshop proposed by the Diagnostics Working Group of the Federal Tuberculosis Taskforce …

Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis: Increasing Incidence Of Domestically Acquired Infections, Shua J. Chai, Patricia L. White, Sarah L. Lathrop, Suzanne M. Solghan, Carlota Medus, Beth Mcglinchey, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Ruthanne Marcus, Barbara Mahon

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired foodborne illness in humans annually in the United States; Enteritidis (SE) is the most common serotype. Public health authorities, regulatory agencies, food producers, and food processors need accurate information about rates and changes in SE infection to implement and evaluate evidence-based control policies and practices.

Methods. We analyzed the incidence of human SE infection during 1996–2009 in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), an active, population-based surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed infections. We compared FoodNet incidence with passively collected data from complementary surveillance systems and with …

2012 Intersession Catalog, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Intersession Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Identifying The Barriers To Collaboration Between Transportation Planning And Public Health Using The Network Model, Lou Kelley Brewer

Planning Dissertations - Archive

Transportation Planning and Public Health worked closely together a century ago but drifted apart over the decades. Today, both groups face enormous challenges. Transportation planning needs to replace aging infrastructures while preparing for population growth and the demands that come with it. Resources are already taxed and new ways of doing business are needed. Public Health successfully addressed communicable diseases during the last century only to be confronted with the high cost of treating chronic diseases including obesity in this century. Prevention in the form of increased physical activity as a key strategy led Public Health to the built environment …

An Adult Patient With Rubella Encephalitis, Evangelia Giza, Styliani Karachristianou, Emmanouel Roilides, Athanasia Anastasiou

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Mystery Behind Hitchcock's Birds, Sibel Bargu, Mary W. Silver, Mark D. Ohman, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, David L. Garrison

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Implementing The Children's Rights Agenda In Kenya: Taking Stock Of The Progress, Hurdles And Prospects, James Forole Jarso

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Toward Understanding The Nature Of Leadership In Alleviating State Fragility, Ajay Tejasvi Narasimhan

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Approximately sixty countries have been designated `Fragile States' by international development agencies. Home to two billion of the world's poorest people, these fragile states are characterized by violence, weak institutions and shattered economies. Not only do they pose a challenge to regional security, they often become the breeding grounds for terrorism.

Donor agencies pour billions of dollars annually into these countries - through policy advice and conditional loans - to alleviate fragility and promote development. Development, however it is defined, involves economic, social and political transformation. Such a transformation is shaped by ideas, engages multiple interests, and proceeds within rules …

Pathology In Euthermic Bats With White Nose Syndrome Suggests A Natural Manifestation Of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, Carol U. Meteyer, Daniel Barber, Judith N. Mandl

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Photochemotherapeutic Strategies Against Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Here, we determined the potential of photochemotherapy, namely the application of photodynamic compounds followed by exposure to a suitable source of UV-visible radiation against corneal pathogen, Acanthamoeba. Organometallic macromolecule, tin porphyrin [Sn(IV)porphyrin] was synthesized and purity confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Sn(IV)porphyrin was tested against a keratitis isolate of Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype using growth and viability assays. The effects of Sn(IV)porphyrin on A. castellanii binding to and cytopathogenicity of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro were tested. The metalloporphyrin showed potent amoebistatic effects. The tin porphyrin inhibited amoebae binding to and cytopathogenicity of corneal …

Shaping The Operations Research Agenda For Antiretroviral-Based Prevention Products For Women: Gels And Rings, Martha Brady, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory

HIV and AIDS

This report summarizes discussions from a two-day international experts consultation meeting in 2012 on preparing for the successful introduction of women-centered antiretroviral-based HIV prevention methods. It examines the limits and expectations of operations research in antiretroviral health technologies.

Human Enhancement And Experimental Research In The Military, Efthimios Parasidis

Connecticut Law Review

For over a century the US. military has conducted and sponsored cutting-edge medical and technological research. While such projects have often resulted in transformative innovations, in a number of instances, researchers have deliberately violated legal requirements and/or ethical norms governing research with human subjects. This Article explores these matters by discussing the history of misfeasance in military research and examining contemporary military endeavors that aim to exploit biomedical advancements.

Clemency In A Time Of Crisis, Cara H. Drinan

Scholarly Articles

At the state level, the power to pardon or commute a criminal sentence — that is, to grant clemency — is vested in either the Governor, an executive clemency board, or some combination thereof. Until very recently, clemency grants were a consistent feature of our criminal justice system. In the last four decades, though, state clemency grants have declined significantly; in some states, clemency seems to have disappeared altogether. In this Article, I contend that executive clemency should be revived at the state level in response to ongoing systemic criminal justice failings. Part I of this Article describes clemency at …

Tuberculosis In Elephants: Assessing Risks Versus Resources, Heidi S. Riddle, David S. Miller, Dennis Schmitt

College of Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Community Perspectives On Research Consent Involving Vulnerable Children In Western Kenya, Rachel Vreeman, Eunice Kamaara, Allan Kamanda, David Ayuku, Winstone Nyandiko, Lukoye Atwoli, Samuel Ayaya, Peter Gisore, Michael Scanlon, Paula Braitstein

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Involving vulnerable pediatric populations in international research requires culturally appropriate ethical protections. We sought to use mabaraza, traditional East African community assemblies, to understand how a community in western Kenya viewed participation of children in health research and informed consent and assent processes. Results from 108 participants revealed generally positive attitudes towards involving vulnerable children in research, largely because they assumed children would directly benefit. Consent from parents or guardians was understood as necessary for participation while gaining child assent was not. They felt other caregivers,community leaders, and even community assemblies could participate in the consent process. Community members believed …

The Roles Of Gene Duplication, Gene Conversion And Positive Selection In Rodent Esp And Mup Pheromone Gene Families With Comparison To The Abp Family, Robert C. Karn, Christina M. Laukaitis

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Three proteinaceous pheromone families, the androgen-binding proteins (ABPs), the exocrine-gland secreting peptides (ESPs) and the major urinary proteins (MUPs) are encoded by large gene families in the genomes of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. We studied the evolutionary histories of the Mup and Esp genes and compared them with what is known about the Abp genes. Apparently gene conversion has played little if any role in the expansion of the mouse Class A and Class B Mup genes and pseudogenes, and the rat Mups. By contrast, we found evidence of extensive gene conversion in many Esp genes although …

The Conflict Surrounding Universal Access To Hiv/Aids Medical Treatment In South Africa, Kaila C. Randolph

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Induction Of Innate And Adaptive Immunity In Vivo By Selective Antibody Targeting Of Poly Da:Dt And Antigen To Dendritic Cells, Scott A. Barbuto

Student Theses and Dissertations

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to be efficient and specialized in antigen presentation, but innate stimuli have not been selectively delivered to determine if these cells alone can integrate innate and adaptive immunity in vivo. Here we illustrate a novel method using expressed protein ligation (EPL) to attach the immune stimulant, poly dA:dT, to the DC uptake receptor, DEC205 (DEC). We will show that inoculation of α-DEC-poly dA:dT fusion monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is sufficient to induce rapid innate cytokine production by DCs. Adaptive T cell immunity is also elicited when the fusion mAb is given in combination with a …

Medical Decision Making By And On Behalf Of Adolescents: Reconsidering First Principles, B. Jessie Hill

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Newer Agents In Antiplatelet Therapy: A Review., Jennifer Yeung, Michael Holinstat

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Antiplatelet therapy remains the mainstay in preventing aberrant platelet activation in pathophysiological conditions such as myocardial infarction, ischemia, and stroke. Although there has been significant advancement in antiplatelet therapeutic approaches, aspirin still remains the gold standard treatment in the clinical setting. Limitations in safety, efficacy, and tolerability have precluded many of the antiplatelet inhibitors from use in patients. Unforeseen incidences of increased bleeding risk and recurrent arterial thrombosis observed in patients have hampered the development of superior next generation antiplatelet therapies. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles have also limited the effectiveness of a number of antiplatelet inhibitors currently in use …