Digital Commons Network^™

Clinical Preventive Services In Guatemala: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Internal Medicine Physicians, Juan E. Corral, Lauren D. Arnold, Erwin E. Argueta, Akshay Ganju, Joaquin Barnoya

Cancer Prevention Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Alumni News, Linfield Magazine Staff, Travis Mcguire

Linfield Magazine

Schedule of upcoming events, brief articles about alumni activities, and a column by the alumni director

Proportional Mouse Model For Aerosol Infection By Influenza, R. S. Mcdonald, A. R. Sambol, B. K. Heimbuch, T. L. Brown, S. H. Hinrichs, J. D. Wander

United States Air Force: Publications

Aims: The aim of this study was to demonstrate a prototype tool for measuring infectivity of an aerosolized human pathogen – influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus – using a small-animal model in the Controlled Aerosol Test System (CATS). Methods and Results: Intranasal inoculation of nonadapted H1N1 virus into C57BL, BALB/c and CD-1 mice caused infection in all three species. Respiratory exposure of CD-1 mice to the aerosolized virus at graduated doses was accomplished in a modified rodent exposure apparatus. Weight change was recorded for 7 days postexposure, and viral populations in lung tissue homogenates were measured post mortem by DNA …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 34, No. 2, Winter 2012, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

American Society of Parasitologists Newsletter, v. 34, no. 2, winter 2012

Inhibition Of Bacterial Growth And Biofilm Production By Constituents From Hypericum Spp., Simon A. Sarkisian, J. Janssen, H. Matta, G. E. Henry, Kerry L. Laplante, David C. Rowley

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Biofilm embedded bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to eradicate and are major sources of bacterial infections. New drugs are needed to combat these pathogens. Hypericum is a plant genus that contains species known to have antimicrobial properties. However, the specific constituents responsible for the antimicrobial properties are not entirely known, nor have most compounds been tested as inhibitors of biofilm development. The investigation presented here tested seven secondary metabolites isolated from the species Hypericum densiflorum, Hypericum ellipticum, Hypericum prolificum, and Hypericum punctatum as inhibitors of …

The Effect Of Nonrandom Selection Of Clusters In A Two Stage Cluster Design, Jason Christopher Parrott

Wayne State University Dissertations

Although not as efficient as simple random sampling, cluster sampling has been regarded as a valid sampling technique when the researcher is attempting to save cost. However in order to do so, it is necessary that random selection occurs in all stages of sampling. This simulation study examines purposeful selection of cluster sampling in the second stage of a two stage cluster design. Using Monte Carlo methods a simulation was conducted comparing the random selection of both stages of a two stage cluster sample to purposeful selection of the second stage of a two stage cluster sample. The study compares …

Medication-Assisted Treatment In Criminal Justice Agencies Affiliated With The Criminal Justice-Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (Cj-Dats): Availability, Barriers, And Intentions, Peter D. Friedmann, Randall Hoskinson Jr., Michael Gordon, Robert Schwartz, Timothy Kinlock, Kevin Knight, Patrick M. Flynn, Wayne N. Welsh, Lynda A.R. Stein, Stanley Sacks, Daniel J. O'Connell, Hannah K. Knudsen, Michael S. Shafer, Elizabeth Hall, Linda K. Frisman

Cancer Prevention Research Center Faculty Publications

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is underutilized in the treatment of drug-dependent, criminal justice populations. This study surveyed criminal justice agencies affiliated with the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) to assess use of MAT and factors influencing use of MAT. A convenience sample (N = 50) of criminal justice agency respondents (e.g., jails, prisons, parole/probation, and drug courts) completed a survey on MAT practices and attitudes. Pregnant women and individuals experiencing withdrawal were most likely to receive MAT for opiate dependence in jail or prison, whereas those reentering the community from jail or prison were the least likely to …

Maritime Health: A Review With Suggestions For Research, Malcolm Maclachlan, Bill Kavanagh, Alison Kay

Articles

International maritime health has largely developed within the sphere of occupational health services and international health problems. We reviewed publications in the journal International Maritime Health from 2000 to 2010 to establish the coverage of the journal and the scope of research in maritime health. We identified six thematic categories: healthcare access, delivery and integration; telehealth; non-communicable diseases and physical health problems; communicable diseases; psychological functioning and health; and safety-related issues. We describe the research within these themes and report on their publication prominence. We also analyse the research in terms of its geographical focus, the population groups addressed and …

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2011, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Health Status, Infection And Disease In California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus) Studied Using A Canine Microarray Platform And Machine-Learning Approaches, Annalaura Mancia, James C. Ryan, Robert W. Chapman, Qingzhong Wu, Gregory W. Warr, Frances M.D. Gulland, Frances M. Van Dolah

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Conservation biologists face many challenges in assessing health, immune status and infectious diseases in protected species. These challenges include unpredictable sample populations, diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds of the animals, as well as the practical, legal and ethical issues involved in experimentation. The use of whole genome scale transcriptomics with animal samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner is an approach that shows promise for health assessment. In this study we assessed the utility of a microarray to identify changes in gene expression predictive of health status by interrogating blood samples from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in …

Disease Will Limit Future Food Supply From The Global Crustacean Fishery And Aquaculture Sectors, G.D. Stentiford, D.M. Neil, E.J. Peeler, J.D. Shields, H.J. Small, T.W. Flegel, J.M. Vlak, B. Jones, F. Morado, S. Moss, J. Lotz, L. Bartholomay, D.C. Behringer, C. Hauton, D.V. Lightner

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. …

Missed Visits And Decline In Cd4 Cell Count Among Hiv-Infected Patients: A Mixed Method Study, Anna Walburn, Susan Swindles, Christopher Fisher, Robin High, K. M. Islam

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Objective: To determine the impact of missed visits on CD4 cell count with HIV disease in a Midwest clinic. Methods: This was a mixed method study consisting of a quantitative retrospective cohort study of missed clinic visits among HIV-infected patients, and a qualitative study to collect information on factors impacting appointment attendance. A drop in CD4 cell count greater than 50 cells/mm3 from baseline was the primary outcome variable for the quantitative study. The exposure variable was missed visits. Results: Of 77 patients, 16.4% experienced the outcome of interest. Lower visit proportions increased the risk of a CD4 drop (hazard …

Climate Change And Infectious Disease Dynamics, Raina K. Plowright, Paul C. Cross, Gary M. Tabor, Emily Almberg, Leslie Bienen, Peter J. Hudson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The International Panel on Climate Change has made an unequivocal case that the earth's climate is changing in profound ways, and that human activities are contributing significantly to climate disruption (IPCC 2007). The weight of evidence demonstrates warming global temperatures, changing patterns of precipitation, and increasing climate variability, with more extreme events. Thus, the physical underpinnings of ecology are changing, with pervasive effects on disease dynamics. Interactions among environment, hosts, and pathogens drive disease processes, and climate change will influence every interaction in this triad, directly and indirectly.

Sorta Situ: The New Reality Of Management Conditions For Wildlife Populations In The Absence Of "Wild" Spaces, Barbara A. Wolfe, Roberto F. Aguilar, A. Alonso Aguirre, Glenn H. Olsen, Evan S. Blumer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The rate of species loss today is approaching catastrophic levels. Scientists project that over the next two decades, more than 1 million species of plants and animals will become extinct. E.O. Wilson has estimated that "the rate ofloss may exceed 50,000 a year, 137 a day ... this rate, while horrendous, is actually the minimal estimate, based on the species/area relationship alone" (Kellert and Wilson 1993, p. 16; Aguirre 2009). Ever-expanding communities, strained natural resources, changes in land use, and other anthropogenic drivers are compromising ecosystems and rapidly changing the landscape and the availability of "wild" spaces.

Multi-Platform Comparison Of Ten Commercial Master Mixes For Probe-Based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection Of Bioterrorism Threat Agents For Surge Preparedness, Gregory S. Buzard, Daniel Baker, Mark J. Wolcott, David A. Norwood, Leslie A. Dauphin

United States Army: Publications

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases have developed real-time PCR assays for the detection of bioterrorism threat agents. These assays all rely on a limited number of approved real-time PCR master mixes. Because the availability of these reagents is a critical element of bioterrorism preparedness, we undertook a joint national preparedness exercise to address the potential surge needs resulting from a large-scale bio-emergency. We identified 9 commercially-available potential alternatives to an existing approved master mix (LightCycler FastStart DNA Master HybProbes): the TaqMan Fast Universal PCR master mix, OmniMix HS, FAST …

Risk Behaviour And Time As Covariates For Effi Cacy Of The Hiv Vaccine Regimen Alvac-Hiv (Vcp1521) And Aidsvax B/E: A Post-Hoc Analysis Of The Thai Phase 3 Efficacy Trial Rv 144, Merlin L. Robb, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Prayura Kunasol, Chirasak Khamboonruang, Prasert Thongcharoen, Patricia Morgan, Michael Benenson, Robert M. Paris, Joseph Chiu, Elizabeth Adams, Donald Francis, Sanjay Gurunathan, Jim Tartaglia, Peter Gilbert, Don Stablein, Nelson L. Michael, Jerome H. Kim

United States Army: Publications

Background The Thai phase 3 HIV vaccine trial RV 144 showed modest effi cacy of a vaccine against HIV acquisition. Baseline variables of age, sex, marital status, and risk did not modify vaccine effi cacy. We did a post-hoc analysis of the trial’s data to investigate behavioural risk and effi cacy every 6 months after vaccination.

Methods RV 144 was a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled effi cacy trial testing the combination of the HIV vaccines ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E to prevent HIV infection or reduce setpoint viral load. Male and female volunteers aged 18–30 years were recruited from the …

The Interface Of Animal And Human Vaccines, Connie Schmaljohn, Christian W. Mandl

United States Army: Publications

The historical legacy of zoonotic viral diseases includes more than 50 million human deaths (3% of the world’s population) due to the appearance of a novel influenza virus in the early 1900s as well as the emergence of previously unknown diseases such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 1993 [1] and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 [2]. Preventing epidemics resulting from other emerging viral diseases, whether due to ordinary interactions of humans and animals, to man-made environmental changes, or even to increased exposure following natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis, depends on the harmonization of all aspects of …

Comparison Of Nucleic Acid Extraction Platforms For Detection Of Select Biothreat Agents For Use In Clinical Resource Limited Settings, Michelle A. Shipley, Jeffrey W. Koehler, David A. Kulesh, Timothy D. Minogue

United States Army: Publications

High-quality nucleic acids are critical for optimal PCR-based diagnostics and pathogen detection. Rapid sample processing time is important for the earliest administration of therapeutic and containment measures, especially in the case of biothreat agents. In this context, we compared the Fujifilm QuickGene-Mini80 to Qiagen's QIAamp Mini Purification kits for extraction of DNA and RNA for potential use in austere settings. Qiagen (QIAamp) column-based extraction is the currently recommended purification platform by United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases for both DNA and RNA extraction. However, this sample processing system requires dedicated laboratory equipment including a centrifuge. In this …

Linfieldpdx, 2012, Mardi Mileham

Linfieldpdx Newsletter

Linfieldpdx, an annual newsletter for Linfield College's nursing and health sciences alumni and friends, features stories about alumni, the campus, and programs. Included in this issue:

• notes from the interim director
• 'Eric' to retire
• online enrollment explodes
• Lloydena V. Grimes award
• new faces around campus
• mentors key to success

2012-2013 - College Of Pharmacy Catalog, Office Of The Registrar, East Tennessee State University

Pharmacy Academic Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Rollins Magazine, Spring 2012, Rollins College Office Of Marketing And Communications

Rollins Magazine

Issue Title: "Psychology of Place"

Research Windows, Office Of Research And Economic Development, Mississippi State University

Research Windows Magazine

Research Windows Magazine profiles researchers and research projects across MSU.

Phenotypic Detection Of Metallo-Β-Lactamase In Imipenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Yalda Khosravi, Mun Fai Loke, Eng Guan Chua, Sun Tee Tay, Jamuna Vadivelu

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Carbapenems are the primary choice of treatment for severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. However, the emergence of carbapenem resistance due to the production of metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) is of global concern. In this study, 90 imipenem-(IPM- or IP-) resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates, including 32 previously tested positive and genotyped for MBL genes by PCR, were subjected to double-disk synergy test (DDST), combined disk test (CDT), and imipenem/imipenem-inhibitor (IP/IPI) E-test to evaluate their MBLs detection capability. All three methods were shown to have a sensitivity of 100%. However, DDST was the most specific of the three (96.6%), followed by IP/IPI E-test …

Prevalence Of Intestinal And Blood Parasites Among Wild Rats In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, C.O.S. Shafiyyah, I. Jamaiah, M. Rohela, Y.L. Lau, F.S. Aminah

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

A survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intestinal and blood parasites among wild rats in urban area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 137 stool and blood samples were collected from wild rats from Sentul and Chow Kit areas. Five species of rats were captured and supplied by Kuala Lumpur City Hall. The most common was Rattus rattus diardii (Malayan Black rat), 67, followed by Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat), 10, Rattus argentiventer (rice-field rat), 10, Rattus tiomanicus (Malaysian field rat), 9 and Rattus exulans (Polynesian rat), 4. Rattus rattus diardii is commonly known to live in human …

The Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Elaeis Guineensis: Characterization, In Vitro And In Vivo Studies, S. Vijayarathna, Z. Zakaria, Y. Chen, L.Y. Latha, J.R. Kanwar, S. Sasidharan

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The urgent need to treat multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in chronically infected patients has given rise to the development of new antimicrobials from natural resources. We have tested Elaeis guineensis Jacq (Arecaceae) methanol extract against a variety of bacterial, fungal and yeast strains associated with infections. Our studies have demonstrated that E. guineensis exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. A marked inhibitory effect of the E. guineensis extracts was observed against C. albicans whereby E. guineensis extract at 1/2, 1, or 2 times the MIC significantly inhibited C. albicans growth …

Novel Antiviral Activity Of Baicalein Against Dengue Virus, Keivan Zandi, Boon Teong Teoh, Sing Sin Sam, Pooi Fong Wong, Mohd Rais Mustafa, Sazaly Abubakar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: Dengue is a serious arboviral disease currently with no effective antiviral therapy or approved vaccine available. Therefore, finding the effective compound against dengue virus (DENV) replication is very important. Among the natural compounds, bioflavonoids derived mainly from plants are of interest because of their biological and medicinal benefits. Methods: In the present study, antiviral activity of a bioflavonoid, baicalein, was evaluated against different stages of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) replication in Vero cells using focus forming unit reduction assay and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Baicalein inhibited DENV-2 replication in Vero cells with IC50= 6.46 μg/mL and SI= 17.8 when …

Flavone Enhances Dengue Virus Type-2 (Ngc Strain) Infectivity And Replication In Vero Cells, K. Zandi, R. Lani, P. F. Wong, B. -T. Teoh, S. -S. Sam, J. Johari, Mohd Rais Mustafa, Sazaly Abubakar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

This study investigates the effects of 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one (flavone) on DENV-2 infectivity in Vero cells. Virus adsorption and attachment and intracellular virus replication were investigated using a foci forming unit assay (FFUA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Addition of flavone (100 μg/mL) significantly increased the number of DENV-2 foci by 35.66 ± 1.52 and 49.66 ± 2.51 when added during and after virus adsorption to the Vero cells, respectively. The average foci size after 4 days of infection increased by 33 ± 2.11 and 89 ± 2.13. The DENV-2 specific RNA copy number in the flavone-treated infected cells increased by 6.41- and …

Complete Genome Sequence Of Enterococcus Faecium Strain Tx16 And Comparative Genomic Analysis Of Enterococcus Faecium Genomes, Erica Sodergren, George M. Weinstock, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Early Events In Herpes Simplex Virus Lifecycle With Implications For An Infection Of Lifetime, Sarah Salameh '12, Urmi Sheth '12, Deepak Shukla

Student Publications & Research

Affecting a large percentage of human population herpes simplex virus (HSV) types -1 and -2 mainly cause oral, ocular, and genital diseases. Infection begins with viral entry into a host cell, which may be preceded by viral “surfing” along filopodia. Viral glycoproteins then bind to one or more of several cell surface receptors, such as herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), nectin-1, 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS), paired immunoglobulin-like receptor, and non-muscle myosin-IIA. At least five viral envelope glycoproteins participate in entry and these include gB, gC, gD and gH-gL. Post-entry, these glycoproteins may also facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus, …

Pulmonary And Peritoneal Tuberculosis Associated With Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitor Use: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Niharika Tipirneni, Marc O. Siegel

Medicine Faculty Publications

The association between the use of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors and the increased risk of granulomatous infections, especially tuberculosis, has been well documented. Given the rapidly expanding list of inflammatory conditions for which tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are receiving FDA approval, the incidence of tuberculosis in this patient population has increased. Despite heightened awareness by physicians, the diagnosis of tuberculosis can remain challenging, given that extrapulmonary sites of infection are more frequently involved. We present a case of pulmonary and peritoneal tuberculosis in a gentleman being treated with a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor and discuss the diagnostic challenges of establishing …