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Ifnγ-Induced Antigen Loss In Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy, Miao Cao, Jasmine Alvarez, Ramkrishna Mitra, Michael Xu, Trevor R. Baybutt, Zhengyang Sun, Oluwatobiloba Taylor, Allison Doermann, Ross E Staudt, Scott A. Waldman, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cell therapies (CARTs) have revolutionized the treatment of blood cancers. Yet none have been successful for "solid" tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) has emerged as a clinical-stage target for CART and bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) therapies in CRC. IFNγ has been canonically recognized as beneficial for the effector functions of T cells by enhancing antigen processing and HLA presentation and is essential for CART targeting of solid malignancies by inducing adhesion molecule expression for synapse stabilization.

METHODS: Using

RESULTS: We identified …

Clinical Practice Guideline By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society: 2026 Guideline Update On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age, Shawn D St Peter, Krow Ampofo, Thomas Brogan, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age, we present six updated recommendations. The updated recommendations span the characterization and management of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Chest Ultrasound In Children With Parapneumonic Effusion, Shawn D St Peter, Krow Ampofo, Thomas Brogan, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Samir S Shah, Mark I Neuman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for the role of chest ultrasound to evaluate parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Pleural Fluid Drainage Compared To Surgical Debridement, Shawn D St Peter, Krow Ampofo, Thomas Brogan, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Samir S Shah, Mark I Neuman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations on the choice of pleural fluid drainage by chest tube with fibrinolysis versus mechanical debridement. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update By The Infectious Diseases Society Of America And The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society On The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: The Use Of Pleural Fluid Drainage Versus Observation, Shawn D St Peter, Krow Ampofo, Thomas Brogan, Michael D Cabana, Claudia Espinosa, Todd A Florin, Jeffrey S Gerber, Michelle Gill, Debra L Palazzi, Mark Sawyer, Angela M Statile, Derek J Williams, Sheena Patel, Mark I Neuman, Samir S Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for pleural fluid drainage in children (3 months to 18 years) with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Targeting Il-1 Signaling In Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Improved Survival And Pathogenesis In Rdeb Mouse Model, Rahim Hirani

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating inherited blistering disorder caused by biallelic mutations in COL7A1, resulting in deficiency of type VII collagen (C7) and loss of dermal–epidermal adhesion. Beyond mechanical fragility, RDEB is characterized by chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis, impaired wound healing, severe pain, and an exceptionally high risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Emerging transcriptomic and cytokine profiling studies have identified interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) as a dominant and temporally upstream inflammatory mediator in RDEB skin. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that IL-1α signaling functions as a key initiator and amplifier of inflammation-driven pathology …

Characterisation Of Pouch Secretions From Breeding Tasmanian Devils, Manujaya W. Jayamanna Mohottige, Emma Peel, Angéla Juhász, Mitchell G. Nye-Wood, Katherine Belov, Michelle L. Colgrave, Carolyn J. Hogg

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), like all marsupials, give birth to altricial young. Here we employ proteomic analysis to identify components of devil pouch secretions that may contribute to offspring survival and development. Proteins were extracted from five samples and analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Peptide-level evidence revealed proteins involved in a diverse set of immune pathways, including those mediating iron-ion transport, defence responses to bacteria, innate immune responses, and antigen processing. A core set of 200 proteins was identified across at least three samples, 63 of which were associated with antimicrobial or immunoregulatory functions. These included immunoglobulins, components of …

Medical Detection Dogs: A Visual Exploration Of Canine Olfactory Anatomy & Volatile Organic Compounds As Applied To Non-Invasive Biomedical Detection, Kirsten Santiago

Theses

Medical detection dogs provide a non-invasive early method of disease and medical alert detection that is underrepresented in the medical visualization sector. The domesticated dog, or Canis familiaris, is known for its loving nature and has become an important member of many households, but they are also incredibly intelligent with a capacity for specialized training. Dogs have a specialized olfactory system, allowing them to detect scents with high acuity (Guest & Otto, 20). Volatile organic compounds or VOCs are molecular substances associated with metabolic processes that are often a result or byproduct of certain diseases and can be influenced by …

Real-World Comparison Of Intravenous Vs. Oral Antimicrobial Therapy For Bone And Joint Infections, Maura Kreiser, Sarah Al Mansi, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Caroline Derrick, P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm.D., Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Yorika Hammett, Morgan Pizzuti

Faculty Publications

Well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated safe and effective use of oral antimicrobial therapy for bone and joint infections. Application of data for implementation into real-world practice, however, has inherent challenges. This retrospective cohort study compared real-world use of intravenous versus oral antimicrobial therapy in bone and joint infections within a large healthcare system comprising both academic and community medical centers. The primary outcome was the proportion of treatment failure. Key secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with logistical failure and risk factors associated with treatment and logistical failure. Among 166 patients included, 136 (82%) and 30 (18%) …

Using Nuisance Law To Advance Food Safety, Timothy D. Lytton

Denver Law Review

This Essay proposes a novel approach to the most urgent food safety problem currently facing U.S. consumers: fresh produce contaminated with virulent microbial pathogens. Despite extensive regulation, growers have been unable to rid their fields of toxic bacteria, and processors have been unsuccessful in sanitizing tainted produce before it reaches store shelves. As a result, tainted produce sickens millions of consumers every year. An emerging consensus is calling for new efforts to address one source of the problem. Nearby cattle operations produce manure that contains harmful pathogens. When this manure escapes from grazing fields or feed lots—for example, via stormwater …

Vol. 102, No. 3: Full Issue, Denver Law Review

Denver Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reducing Surgical Site Infections Post Cesarean Section Through Multi-Modal Standardized Education, Ari Meyers, Fereshteh Pirayesh, Tracie Tolme

Providence Nursing Research Conference 2023 – Present

No abstract provided.

Ionic Liquid Pilocarpine Serves As Therapeutic Cosolvent And Permeation Enhancer For Glaucoma Medication, Ashish Trital, Lei Xu, Burhan Ates, Tzu Chen Wang, Vimalin Mani, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The efficacy of hydrophobic ocular drugs is significantly hindered by their low bioavailability, for which poor water solubility is a major contributing factor. In this work, we synthesized pilocarpine-derived ionic liquid [Pilo-OEG] Cl (PO) and evaluated its cosolvent properties for the codelivery of the hydrophobic antiglaucoma drug brimonidine (BM) for glaucoma therapy. Pilocarpine was quaternized with 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethoxy] ethanol in a one-pot reaction to yield PO, and its structure was confirmed using ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods and further characterized for its rheological property and thermal stability. The HET-CAM assay and cell viability study showed that PO was …

Breaking Into Hiv-1'S Epigenetic Vault: Cure Strategies To Eliminate The Viral Reservoir, Joanna Jones, Chelsea Gunderson, Brian Wigdahl, Michael Nonnemacher

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that integrates into the host cell's DNA as a provirus. Transcription from the provirus is regulated in large part by cellular proteins and epigenetic factors. These may be repressive or permissive to productive infection. The host factors that regulate this balance are therefore attractive targets for HIV-1 therapeutics. Indeed, proviral chromatin is the focus of two of the current HIV-1 cure strategies. "Shock and Kill" uses latency reversal agents to open the provirus's chromatin, promoting high levels of gene expression that induce the killing of infected cells. "Block and Lock" uses …

Heterocyclic‐Fused Squaramides: Anionophores With Antimicrobial Activity, Luke Edward Brennan, Chris Samuel Hawes, Kevin Kavanagh, Robert Brian Peter Elmes

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Antimicrobial resistance is regarded as one of the foremost public health risks of the 21st century, highlighting the need for new antimicrobial agents and chemical tools to interrogate their biological activity. Artificial transmembrane anion transporters have emerged as promising supramolecular scaffolds in this context, having demonstrated membrane activity in mammalian systems and showing growing potential in antimicrobial research. Here, we report a series of heterocycle‐fused squaramide anionophores capable of binding and transporting chloride. Several members of this series display measurable antimicrobial activity, alongside evidence of intracellular chloride modulation in bacterial cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that membrane localisation and …

A Survey-Based Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Women's Intentions To Utilise Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Hiv Risk Behaviours And Transactional Sex, Rosemary Kalenga, Gary Sharp, Anne M. Teitelman, Monde Makiwane, Larry D. Icard, John B. Jemmott

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: South Africa has the third-highest adult prevalence rate globally, with women comprising 64% of cases. Despite the accessibility of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), its adoption among women, particularly young women, remains alarmingly low.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this initial investigation is to explore factors influencing the intentions of South African women to use PrEP, focusing on sociodemographic factors, HIV sexual risk behaviours and involvement in transactional sex.

DESIGN: The research utilised an exploratory design employing surveys.

METHODS: Surveys were conducted in 2015 with 64 women aged 19-49 residing in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data were analysed …

The Role Of Presepsin As A Biomarker Of Sepsis In Children: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Daisy Khera, Nisha Toteja, Simranjeet Singh, Siyaram Didel, Kuldeep Singh, Ankita Chugh, Surjit Singh

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

Objectives: Biomarkers in sepsis are an arena of avid research as they can facilitate timely diagnosis and help reduce mortality. Presepsin is a promising candidate with good diagnostic performance reported in adult and neonatal studies. However, there is no clear consensus about its utility in the pediatric age group. This study aimed to synthesis scientific evidence regarding the diagnostic and prognostic performance of presepsin in pediatric sepsis. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, and Scopus to identify relevant studies reporting the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of presepsin. Study …

Fentanyl Use Among People Who Inject Drugs In Two Large Pacific Northwest Metropolitan Areas., Lauren Lipira, Sara N. Glick, Courtney Moreno, Lalaine Sevillano, Matthew A. Town, Timothy W. Menza

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

Background

We examined fentanyl use and outcomes among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the urban Pacific Northwest (PNW).

Methods We conducted secondary analysis of data from the 2022 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance PWID cycle from Portland, OR and Seattle, WA. We calculated proportions of any fentanyl, injection fentanyl, non-injection fentanyl, and street pill use. Next, we compared characteristics, behaviors, and outcomes by any fentanyl use. Finally, we estimated adjusted relative risk (aRR) of overdose outcomes associated with fentanyl use and injecting less associated with type of street pill use.

Results

Among 835 PWID, 76% reported fentanyl use, 47% injection …

Interim Estimates Of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, September 2025-February 2026., Patrick Maloney, Emily L. Reeves, Kristina Wielgosz, Ashley M. Price, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B. Desilva, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P. Klein, Sara Y. Tartof, Stephanie A. Irving, Shaun J. Grannis, Toan C. Ong, Zachary A. Weber, Jennifer E. Schuster, Danielle M. Zerr, Marian G. Michaels, Julie A. Boom, Natasha B. Halasa, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Stacey L. House, Elie A. Saade, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J. Wernli, Vel Murugan, Emily T. Martin, Natalie A B Bontrager, Marie K. Kirby, Amanda B. Payne, Fatimah S. Dawood, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L. Moline, Sifang Kathy Zhao, Katherine Adams, Jennifer Decuir, Samantha M. Olson, Jessie R. Chung, Nathaniel Lewis, Brendan Flannery, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington, Cdc Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months, including during the 2025-26 season. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were calculated for patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from three U.S. respiratory virus VE networks during the 2025-26 influenza season, using a test-negative case-control design. Among children and adolescents aged < 18 years, VE was 38%-41% against influenza outpatient visits and 41% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE was 22%-34% against influenza outpatient visits and 30% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A ranged from 37% (against outpatient visits) to 42% (against hospitalization) across settings; among adults, VE against influenza A ranged from 30% (against hospitalization) to 34% (against outpatient visits) across settings. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated outpatient visits was 35% and against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalization was 38%. VE against influenza B outpatient visits ranged from 45%-71% among children and adolescents and was 63% among adults. Other estimates of VE were not statistically significant or were not reportable. Although interim influenza VE is lower during the 2025-26 influenza season than it was during recent influenza seasons, these findings demonstrate that influenza vaccination still provides protection against influenza. CDC recommends influenza vaccination; U.S. influenza vaccines remain available for persons aged ≥6 months.

Longitudinal Patterns Of Dental Health Care Utilization 18 Months Before And 36 Months After Initiation Of Index Medications For Opioid Use Disorder, Payel Jhoom Roy, Nalingna Yuan, Yaming Li, Anne Mobley Butler, Katelin B. Nickel, Gretchen Gibson, Colin C. Hubbard, Taylor L. Boyer, Katie J. Suda, Michael J. Durkin

Faculty and Staff Publications

Objectives: In 2022, the FDA issued a drug safety communication based on case studies that transmucosal buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), may contribute to dental disease. We sought to assess longitudinal dental care utilization patterns among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the 18 months before and 36 months after MOUD initiation.

Methods: Using data from the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse (2003-2020), we created a cohort of patients coded for OUD and prescribed MOUD. Outcomes included preventive and therapeutic dental visits and oral infections within 18 months before and up to 36 months after index …

No Effect In Plasma Corticosterone Levels After Observation Of Diseased Conspecifics, B. M. Hardy, M. Chang, S. Mccallum, S. Santangelo, Patricia C. Lopes

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Organisms commonly respond to stressors in their environment by increasing the secretion of corticosterone (CORT). While increased CORT is acknowledged as a response to predation risk by organisms inhabiting a landscape of fear, new research raises the potential for changes in CORT as a response to the risk of infection by organisms in their environment. An increase in CORT of a healthy, uninfected individual in response to their perception of the risk of infection in their environment could change their susceptibility to infection, highlighting a significant role for CORT to alter host–pathogen dynamics. To investigate the effects of infection risk …

Addressing Maternal Cardiovascular Mortality: The Role Of Policy In Reducing Preventable Deaths And Disparities, Matthew Mitts, Alexandra H. Latham, Christina Ackerman-Banks

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Maternal cardiovascular conditions now surpass hemorrhage and infection as the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States, accounting for roughly one-third of preventable maternal fatalities. Unfortunately, stark racial and geographic inequities persist, with Black and Indigenous mothers dying at two to four times the rate of their White peers. Additionally, geography affects the risk, with rural residents facing a significantly higher risk than pregnant patients who deliver in urban centers. The physiologic changes of pregnancy function as a vascular stress test; therefore, pregnancy and postpartum offer a critical window of opportunity to identify women with a high lifetime …

Investigating Corollaries Between Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subsp. Gallolyticus Virulence And Colorectal Cancer, Tyler G. Myers

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sgg) is a gram-positive, non-beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to the Lancefield group D of streptococcal pathogens. For the past several decades, associations between Sgg bacteremia and colorectal cancer (CRC) have been apparent, with gastroenterologists routinely recommending colonoscopies for positive cases of Sgg in either blood or stool samples. However, current research has not wholly established whether Sgg acts as a causative agent of CRC or if pre-existing cancers make the lumen of the colon more hospitable to its colonization. Regardless, Sgg has been implicated in the modulation of host inflammatory pathways and subsequent remodeling …

It's Getting Hot In Here: The Heated Debate On The Censorhip Of Climate Change Education And Its Violation Of State Constitutions, Lilyan Jarreau

LSU Journal of Energy Law and Resources

No abstract provided.

94th Annual Georgia Public Health Association Meeting And Conference Report, Angela H. Peden, Beverley Townsend, Patrina L. Bowles, Sarah L. Mosley

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

The 94th Annual Meeting and Conference of the Georgia Public Health Association (GPHA) was held in Jekyll Island, Georgia, at the Jekyll Island Convention Center, on May 1-3, 2024. The goal of the 2024 Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Conference was to assemble public health professionals, students, County Board of Health members, and stakeholders for networking and educational opportunities to support the mission and vision of GPHA.

The theme for the 2024 Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Conference was selected by the GPHA Executive Board during a meeting in the early fall of 2023: “Lighting the …

Ulk4 And Cdkn2a Polymorphisms Influence The Risk Of Developing Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance, José Manuuel Sánchez-Maldonado, Angelica Macauda, Antonio José Cabrera-Serrano, Hauke Thomsen, Murat Güler, Rob Ter Horst, Bethany Van Guelpen, Pavel Vodicka, Stefano Landi, Subhayan Chattopadhyay, Pelin Ünal, Lucía Ruiz-Durán, Delphine Casabonne, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Istemi Serin, María Carretero-Fernández, Elena Cabezudo, Fernando Reyes-Zurita, Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a necessary precursor condition to multiple myeloma (MM). Given the role of autophagy in modulating MM risk, we investigated whether genetic variation in autophagy-related genes influences susceptibility to MGUS. We analyzed the association of 34,042 common autophagy-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MGUS across six independent cohorts, five from Europe and one from North America, comprising 2317 MGUS cases and 282,358 controls. We also assessed their impact on immune parameters, including absolute counts of 91 blood-derived immune cell subsets and 103 circulating immunological proteins. Meta-analysis revealed a genome-wide significant association between the ULK4 …

Current State And Needs Of Clinical Laboratories In Latin America: A Cross-Country Assessment., Alejandro R Molinelli, Elizabeth L Palavecino, José C Jara-Aguirre, Kerry Cosby, Allison Targowski, Barbara M Goldsmith, Rosa Sierra-Amor, Juan D García, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Eugenio H Zabaleta, Veronica I Luzzi, Jessica M Colón-Franco

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

The Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) aims to improve health by providing education to laboratory scientists worldwide. Different regions of the world face unique challenges shaped by their national and regional contexts. However, the needs of clinical laboratories worldwide remain largely understudied. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive needs assessment survey among laboratory professionals in the Latin American region. The survey was distributed to over 2708 individuals across Latin American countries and yielded 148 responses. Most respondents were from urban areas (74%) and worked in private hospital laboratories (45%), with microbiology (25%) and chemistry (23%) identified …

Rural Georgia Hospital Covid-19 Virus Patient Outcomes, Susan P. Smith, Neeraj Dayama, Morgan E. House, Debra Flores, Sharon Hunt, April Dukes, Steven Gautney

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to over 1.2 million deaths in the United States. Given the staggering scale of the pandemic, rural hospitals faced heightened challenges due to limited resource availability and underlying patient characteristics.

Methods: In this context, we examined patient and hospital-related factors associated with inpatient mortality due to COVID-19. This study is a retrospective chart review of patient outcomes of patients who were hospitalized in a Southwest Georgia rural hospital with COVID-19 during the initial onset of the outbreak and over the following 23 months of the pandemic. Patient demographics, other characteristics, …

Antibiotic Resistance For Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Under 5 Years’ Age Patients In Al-Diwaniyah City, Azhar Ali, Manal M. Kadhim

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

            Background: Escherichia coli, a common bacterium, is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, making diarrhea treatment difficult. This is especially concerning for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. These "superbugs" can resist multiple antibiotics and spread easily among bacteria.Traditional treatments like ampicillin and tetracycline are becoming less effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and rifaximin for some cases, but these have limitations.             Aim of the study The present study aims to explore the antimicrobial resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes to determinate the antibiotics resistance pattern.            Methodology Twelve isolates of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated …

Interleukin-6 And Tnf-Alpha As Biomarkers Associated With Ace2 Snps Rs1978124 And Rs2074192 In Patients Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus With Covid-19 : Il-6 And Tnf-Alpha As Biomarkers Associated With Ace2 Snps Rs1978124 And Rs2074192 In Patients With Covid-19, Ghaleb Hussein Al-Saeedi, Wisam Salih Abood

Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Abstract        Background: Diabetics have a unique set of challenges as a result of the current SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. It predisposes to a particularly severe course of the disease and doubles the risk of dying from COVID-19. Aim: was to study the analysis and comparison of the relationship between polymorphisms and immune cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in SARS-CoV-2 patients. METHODS: From January 2022 to April 2022, blood samples were drawn from 120 patients were Divided into three groups for a cross-sectional and case-control study admitted to COVID-19 isolation wards, 40 of who were infected …