Digital Commons Network^™

Nectin-1 Is Degraded In Chlamydia Trachomatis-Infected Genital Epithelial Cells And Is Required For Herpes Simplex Virus Co-Infection-Induced C. Trachomatis Persistence., Jingru Sun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial STD agent in the US. This bacterium has a unique biphasic developmental cycle in which the infectious elementary body (EB) infects a host mucosal epithelial cell and differentiates into the replicative form (the reticulate body or RB) within a modified vacuole called an inclusion. The RB later divides and develops back into an EB and is released, perpetuating the infectious cycle. When developing chlamydiae are exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions, they deviate from the normal developmental cycle into a non-infectious but viable state termed persistence. Previous data from our …

Apicomplexan Parasites Co-Opt Host Calpains To Facilitate Their Escape From Infected Cells, Rajesh Chandramohanadas, Paul H. Davis, Daniel P. Beiting, Michael B. Harbut, Claire Darling, Geetha Velmourougane, Ming Yeh Lee, Peter A. Greer, David S. Roos, Doron C. Greenbaum

Biology Faculty Publications

Apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii (the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively), are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. These pathogenic protozoa replicate within an intracellular vacuole inside of infected host cells, from which they must escape to initiate a new lytic cycle. By integrating cell biological, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we provide evidence that both Plasmodium and Toxoplasma hijack host cell calpain proteases to facilitate parasite egress. Immunodepletion or inhibition of calpain-1 in hypotonically lysed and resealed erythrocytes prevented the escape of P. falciparum parasites, which was restored by adding purified calpain-1. Similarly, efficient …

The Echo: May 8, 2009, Taylor University

2008-2009 (Volume 96)

Swine flu strategy in place – In Brief – New graduation speaker selected – Trojans crowned conference champs – Coming soon: meet the class of 2013 – Combining community and competition – The Bubble – Mosaic celebrates international flavor – World Voices – Instable Pakistan could spell trouble for the U.S. and world – Around the World in 30 Seconds – Mr. TU – The Families. – The Class. – Cinco de Mayo! – The Roll – Save Our Shows – r3views – WTUR: Paper Route – Books: “The Informers” – Music: podiobooks.com – Jumping off point – Mailbox – …

Leishmaniasis: A Review Of The Disease And The Debate Over The Origin And Dispersal Of The Causaitive Parasite Leishmania, Molly Macmorris-Adix

Macalester Reviews in Biogeography

The vector borne disease Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, is estimated to affect the lives of 12 million people. Manifesting itself into three different clinical forms that center on disfiguring sores and enlargement of several organs, Leishmaniasis is a devastating disease impairing economic productivity and impeding socioeconomic development. The complex life cycle of this parasite, involving a host, vector, and reservoir, has played a major role in defining the dispersal and prevalence of this disease on a global level. The prevalence of Leishmaniasis is highly concentrated due to the close relationship of this parasite and its single vector (the …

Washington University Record, May 7, 2009

Washington University Record

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Adults In The United States: Nhanes 1999-2006, Conschetta Wright

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of vaccination and HBV infection status of adults and to evaluate the trend in self reported vaccination and seroprevalence for Hepatitis B for this population. Additionally, this study sought to assess the association between vaccination rates, seroprevalence (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs), demographic (age, gender, location of birth, race/ethnicity), and socioeconomic (annual household income, education level, insurance coverage and access to care, marital status) characteristics. Methods: Eight years, 1999-2006, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used. NHANES participants aged 20-59 years who contributed data …

The Use Of Traditional Chinese Medicine And Its Possible Relationship With Adherence To Highly-Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy In Patients With Hiv/Aids In Hong Kong, Kurtland Ma

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The aim of this project was to examine the usage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its possible relation to adherence to HAART by HIV-infected Chinese male patients by answering the following questions: 1. How prevalent is TCM use among HIV-infected Chinese patients? 2. What types of TCM are used by this population? 3. What are the predictors of TCM use in this population? 4. Is there a relationship between TCM use and adherence to HAART? A total of 81 self-administered questionnaires were completed by ethnic Chinese patients who had been on HAART for at least one year at Integrated …

A Historical Analysis Of Physician Dissatisfaction, Lisa Mcdonald

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Given the growing levels of physician dissatisfaction and attrition, this study was conducted to ask what was the historical development of the events that gave rise to the problematic conditions, what are the characteristics of the current daily practice environment that create dissatisfaction, and what are the consequences of physician dissatisfaction? This research was conducted by literature review compiled from both the lay and scientific sectors, however, when possible primary sources were employed. As a science, medicine undoubtedly has improved over the last century. However, this review would suggest that developments in the last 30 years have created a contemporary …

Stony Brook Press, V. 30, N. 14, Stony Brook University. Stony Brook Press.

Stony Brook Press

v. 30, n. 14, v.:ill. ; 38 cm (original analog pub.)

The Ticker, May 4, 2009

The Ticker

The Ticker is the student newspaper of Baruch College. It has been published continuously since 1932, when the Baruch College campus was the School of Business and Civic Administration of the City College of New York.

Viral Disease Surveillance In Select Wildlife Populations In Mississippi, Amanda R. Deese, Richard B. Minnis

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Raccoons and opossums are quickly becoming a common sight in urban areas, providing a higher risk of human exposure to zoonotic pathogens. Feral swine are also becoming more common and problematic for many. We conducted serological surveys for avian influenza (AI), West Nile virus (WNV), rabies virus (RV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) in raccoons (n=119), opossums (n=126), and feral swine (n=105) in two regions of Mississippi. Raccoons had antibodies to all four viruses, while feral swine had antibody responses to WNV and opossums exhibited responses to WNV and RV. Active wildlife disease surveillance is a vital aspect of wildlife …

Classical Swine Fever Surveillance In Feral Swine, Seth R. Swafford, Brandon S. Schmit, Kerri Pedersen, Mark W. Lutman, Thomas J. Deliberto

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Diseases such as classical swine fever (CSF) and foot-and-mouth disease have been eradicated in the United States, but possible reintroductions merit the development of an enhanced surveillance system. Important foreign animal or transboundary diseases like these pose a significant risk to the health of wildlife and livestock in the United States. Wildlife Services (WS) performs surveillance in targeted feral swine (Sus scrofa) populations as part of a comprehensive United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service effort to demonstrate disease-free status in our nation's livestock and wildlife. Surveillance is based on risk assessments which identify …

Dogs Gone Wild: Feral Dog Damage In The United States, David L. Bergman, Stewart W. Breck, Scott C. Bender

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Feral dogs have been documented in all 50 states and estimates of damage in the U.S. from these animals amount to >$620 million annually. In Texas alone, it is estimated that over $5 million in damage to livestock annually can be attributed to feral dogs. We reviewed national statistics on feral dog damage reported to USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services for a 10-year period from 1997 through 2006. Damage by feral dogs crossed multiple resource categories (e.g., agriculture, natural resources); some examples of damage include killing and affecting the behavior and habitat use of native wildlife; killing and maiming livestock; and …

May 4, 2009 Reporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Daily Eastern News: May 04, 2009, Eastern Illinois University

May

No abstract provided.

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Some Essential Oils To Cure Some Common Problems In Human Beings, Mukesh Sharma

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Essential oils now form a part of day-to-day life of people. There are different varieties of essential oil used for fragrance and flavours. The quality and composition of these oils play an important role in determining their role in therapeutics. The present paper gives an account of the medicinal plants containing essential oils and their therapeutic properties. Different oil yielding plants were surveyed to find out the efficacy of essential oils in disease treatment.

Adaptation To Climate Change In Sub-Saharan Africa: An Investigation Of Capacity-Building And National Adaptation Programs Of Action, Emily A. Norford

Environmental Studies Honors Papers

The phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change requires immediate attention. Many of the most severe effects of climate change will occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Least-developed countries (LDCs) in this region are particularly vulnerable to climate change, due to their geographical location and their poor ability to cope with the consequences. This study examines the various impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies associated with climate change in sub-Saharan African LDCs, using Tanzania, Burkina Faso, and Senegal as case studies. Each of these three countries has developed a National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), a country-specific climate change adaptation plan designed by the United …

Fisheries Research Report No. 191 - Maximising Survival Of Released Undersize West Coast Reef Fish, Rodney C J Lenanton, Jill St John, Brent S. Wise, Ian S. Keay, D J. Gaughan

Fisheries Research Reports

Final FRDC Report – Project 2000/194

In Australia, most fishery managers regulate the catch of recreational fishes using size and bag limits. The effectiveness of these regulations depends on the fish surviving capture and then release back into the water. Effective management of fishing using size or bag limits therefore requires an understanding of the rates of mortality of released fish and what factors are causing mortality so that these might be alleviated. The rates and likely causes of mortality of released WA dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) and snapper (Pagrus auratus), breaksea cod (Epinephelides armatus) and baldchin groper (Choerodon rubescens) off …

The Faculty Notebook, May 2009, Provost's Office

Faculty Notebook

The Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost.

Empirical Testing Of 16s Rrna Gene Pcr Primer Pairs Reveals Variance In Target Specificity And Efficacy Not Suggested By In Silico Analysis, Sergio E. Morales, William E. Holben

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic and "fingerprinting" analyses of the 16S rRNA genes of prokaryotes have been a mainstay of microbial ecology during the last two decades. However, many methods and results from studies that rely on the 16S rRNA gene for detection and quantification of specific microbial taxa have seemingly received only cursory or even no validation. To directly examine the efficacy and specificity of 16S rRNA gene-based primers for phylum-, class-, and operational taxonomic unit-specific target amplification in quantitative PCR, we created a collection of primers based solely on an extensive soil bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library containing similar to 5,000 …

Intersubunit Interactions Modulate Ph-Induced Activation Of Membrane Fusion By The Junín Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Gpc, Joanne York, Jack H. Nunberg

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The mature arenavirus envelope glycoprotein GPC is a tripartite complex comprising a stable signal peptide (SSP) in addition to the receptor-binding (G1) and transmembrane fusion (G2) subunits. We have shown previously that SSP is a key element in GPC-mediated membrane fusion, and that GPC sensitivity to acidic pH is modulated in part through the lysine residue at position 33 in the ectodomain loop of SSP (J. York and J. H. Nunberg, J. Virol. 80: 7775-7780, 2006). A glutamine substitution at this position stabilizes the native GPC complex and thereby prevents the induction of pH-dependent membrane fusion. In efforts to identify …

Chronic Wasting Disease Prions In Elk Antler Velvet, Rachel C. Angers, Tanya S. Seward, Dana Napier, Michael Green, Edward Hoover, Terry Spraker, Katherine O'Rourke, Aru Balachandran, Glenn C. Telling

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, fatal prion disease of deer and elk that continues to emerge in new locations. To explore the means by which prions are transmitted with high efficiency among cervids, we examined prion infectivity in the apical skin layer covering the growing antler (antler velvet) by using CWD-susceptible transgenic mice and protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Our finding of prions in antler velvet of CWD-affected elk suggests that this tissue may play a role in disease transmission among cervids. Humans who consume antler velvet as a nutritional supplement are at risk for exposure to prions. The …

Clostridium Difficile In Retail Meat Products, Usa, 2007, J. Glenn Songer, Hien T. Trinh, George E. Killgore, Angela D. Thompson, L. Clifford Mcdonald, Brandi M. Limbago

United States Public Health Resources

To determine the presence of Clostridium difficile, we sampled cooked and uncooked meat products sold in Tucson, Arizona. Forty-two percent contained toxigenic C. difficile strains (either ribotype 078/toxinotype V [73%] or 027/ toxinotype III [NAP1 or NAP1-related; 27%]). These findings indicate that food products may play a role in interspecies C. difficile transmission.

Financial Crisis Containment, Anna Gelpern

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This Article maps financial crisis containment - extraordinary measures to stop the spread of financial distress - as a category of legal and policy choice. I make three claims.

First, containment is distinct from financial regulation, crisis prevention and resolution. Containment is brief; it targets the immediate term. It involves claims of emergency, rule-breaking, time inconsistency and moral hazard. In contrast, regulation, prevention and resolution seek to establish sound incentives for the long term. Second, containment decisions deviate from non-crisis norms in predictable ways, and are consistent across diverse countries and crises. Containment invariably entails three kinds of choices: choices …

A Novel Codon Insert In Protease Of Clade B Hiv Type 1., Parris S Jordan, Art Poon, Joseph Eron, Kathleen Squires, Caroline Ignacio, Douglas D Richman, Davey M Smith

Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Medicine Faculty Papers

A novel combination of three codon inserts in the pol coding region of HIV-1 RNA was identified in a highly antiretroviral experienced study subject with HIV-1 infection. A one codon insert was observed in the protease region between codon 40 and 41 simultaneously with a two codon insert present in the reverse transcriptase region at codon 69.

Altered Dendritic Cell Phenotype In Response To Leishmania Amazonensis Amastigote Infection Is Mediated By Map Kinase, Erk, Paola Mercedes Boggiatto, Fei Jie, Mousumi Ghosh, Katherine N. Gibson-Corley, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Douglas E. Jones, Christine A. Petersen

Amanda Ramer-Tait Publications

Initiation of productive immune responses against Leishmania depends on the successful transition of dendritic cells (DC) from an immature to a mature phenotype. This process is characterized by high CD₄₀ surface expression as well as interleukin-12 production, which are frequently seen in response to L. major infection. In vivo footpad infection of C₃HeB/FeJ mice for 7 days with L. amazonensis promoted an immature CD11c[1] DC phenotype characterized by both significantly low CD₄₀ surface expression and significantly decreased interleukin-12p40 production compared with L. major infection of these same mice. In vitro infection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells …

Vital Signs, Spring/Summer 2009, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A fifty-six page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles and smaller pieces that focus on faculty, students, milestones and more.

Hauntings In The Church: Counterfeit Christianity Through The Fin De Siècle Gothic Novel, Melissa Ann West

Masters Theses

The lengthy Victorian period, extending from 1832 until 1901, was a time of cultural turmoil. New scientific discoveries were being made daily, and Christianity was forced to deal with issues of Darwinism, occultism, and growing disbelief in God. By the start of the fin de siècle, God was an impartial deity sitting on His almighty throne, and man was nothing more than a highly evolved animal. The church, both Catholic and Anglican, did not exist to lead man toward salvation, but existed because of a dated adherence to cultural tradition.

No one genre captured the religious upheavals of the age …

Patch Models And Applications On The Spread Of Avian Influenza, Kimberly Rude

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The avian influenza virus (AIV) is an infectious disease that predominantly affects birds. Economic losses due to large-scale deaths of domestic poultry as a result of past outbreaks have been devastating. Additionally, there is major concern about the spread of the virus to humans. The virus has spread to humans in the past, but has not yet been known to spread beyond one human. Since influenza viruses are known to mutate easily, there is serious concern that the virus could mutate into a strain that can be transmitted easily to and among humans.

There has been much speculation that migratory …